Objective To understand the current status of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods Clinical data of patients who underwent isolated CABG in Beijing Anzhen Hospital in 2023 were collected. All patients returned to our hospital approximately one year after surgery (10-13 months) for a lipid level recheck. We analyzed their LDL-C attainment status and influencing factors. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether their LDL-C met the target: a LDL-C attainment group and a LDL-C non-attainment group. Results This study included 1456 patients who underwent CABG, including 320 females and 1136 males, with an average age of (61.41±9.12) years. One year post-surgery, 234 patients achieved the LDL-C target, with an attainment rate of 16.07%. The proportion of patients in the LDL-C attainment group who were ultra-high risk (77.35% vs. 92.06%, P＜0.001), female (16.24% vs. 23.08%, P=0.021), and those with comorbid hypertension (55.98% vs. 63.18%, P=0.038) was significantly lower than those in the LDL-C non-attainment group. Additionally, the baseline body mass index (BMI) [(25.37±3.24) kg/m2 vs. (26.03±3.56) kg/m2, P=0.017], total cholesterol levels [(3.30±0.84) mmol/L vs. (4.01±1.03) mmol/L, P＜0.001], LDL-C [(1.62±0.63) mmol/L vs. (2.25±0.85) mmol/L, P＜0.001], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [(0.98±0.26) mmol/L vs. (1.02±0.24) mmol/L, P=0.049] upon admission in the attainment group were all lower than those in the non-attainment group. Moreover, the lipid-lowering drug usage rate in the attainment group (100.00% vs. 96.24%, P=0.003) and the proportion using two types of drugs together (25.21% vs. 10.72%, P＜0.001) were both higher than those in the non-attainment group, while the statin monotherapy rate was lower than that in the non-attainment group (74.79% vs. 85.19%, P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline BMI (OR=0.928, P=0.012) and baseline LDL-C levels (OR=0.207, P<0.001), patient cardiovascular risk stratification (OR=0.155, P<0.001) and lipid-lowering drug treatment regimen (OR=3.758, P<0.001) are significant factors affecting the LDL-C control status. Conclusion The LDL-C compliance rate of patients undergoing CABG is at a relatively low level 1 year after surgery. Patients with very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, high baseline LDL-C levels, and overweight or obesity should be strengthened lipid management. For these patients, the intensity of lipid-lowering drug use or combination medication should be increased upon discharge.

Objective: To systematically analyze the revisions content and technological development trends of microbiological standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) 2025 Edition, and explore its novel requirements in risk-based pharmaceutical product lifecycle management.
Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted on 26 microbiological-related standards to summarize the revision directions and scientific implications from perspectives including the revision overview, international harmonization of microbiological standards, risk-based quality management system, and novel tools and methods with Chinese characteristics.
Results: The ChP 2025 edition demonstrates three prominent features in microbiological-related standards: enhanced international harmonization, introduced emerging molecular biological technologies, and established a risk-based microbiological quality control system.
Conclusion: The new edition of the Pharmacopoeia has systematically constructed a microbiological standard system, which significantly improves the scientificity, standardization and applicability of the standards, providing a crucial support for advancing the microbiological quality control in pharmaceutical industries of China.

BACKGROUND:The treatment of early knee osteoarthritis can be achieved through two knee preservation treatments:Unicondylar knee arthroplasty and high tibial osteotomy.However,further exploration is needed to determine whether there are differences in knee joint recovery between the two knee preservation surgeries at different stages after surgery. OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and related complications of unicondylar knee arthroplasty and high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of varus osteoarthropathy of the knee,and to provide a reference for clinical decision. METHODS:A total of 103 patients with varus osteoarthritis of the knee underwent surgical treatment in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from September 2018 to September 2022 were selected.Among them,86 patients were followed up for more than 1 year.According to different surgical methods,the patients were divided into unicondylar knee arthroplasty group(49 cases)and high tibial osteotomy group(37 cases).Knee function,pain,and line of force correction were evaluated before surgery,4 weeks,3 months,6 months,and 1 year after surgery in both groups.Hospital for special surgery knee score,functional score of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index,changes of lateral space of the knee joint,range of motion,proprioception(position sense),and postoperative activity recovery speed were evaluated comprehensively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were no significant differences in preoperative hospital for special surgery knee score,Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score and lateral knee compartment size between the two groups.(2)The hospital for special surgery knee score of patients undergoing unicondylar knee arthroplasty was better than that of patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy within 4 weeks after surgery(P<0.05).At 3 and 6 months after surgery,compared with the improvement of the two groups,the hospital for special surgery knee score in the unicondylar knee arthroplasty group was lower than that in the high tibial osteotomy group,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The range of motion flexion value and position perception of patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy were significantly better than those undergoing unicondylar knee arthroplasty 6 months after surgery(P<0.05).(3)The unicondylar knee arthroplasty group was better than the high tibial osteotomy group in terms of the speed of knee movement recovery(P<0.05).(4)However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the change of hospital for special surgery knee score,range of motion,and the width of lateral knee space during 1-year follow-up.(5)All patients were followed up for more than 1 year,and no adverse complications were found during the follow-up.(6)It is indicated that the short-term effect of knee functional recovery in patients with high tibial osteotomy is better than that in patients with unicondylar knee arthroplasty,but there is no significant difference in medium-and long-term efficacy between the two kinds of surgery for medial knee arthritis.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Zheng Gan Decoction(ZGF)on tumor progression in a rat model of diethylnitrosamine(DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and explore the possible mechanism.Methods Seventy SD rats were subjected to regular intraperitoneal injections of DEN(50 mg/kg)for 12 weeks to induce HCC tumorigenesis,with another 10 rats receiving saline injections as the normal control.After successful modeling,the rats were randomized into 5 groups(n=10)for daily treatment with distilled water(model group),Huaier Granules(4 g/kg;positive control group),or ZGF at low,medium,and high doses(2,4,and 8 g/kg,respectively)via gavage for 17 weeks.Body weight changes of the rats were monitored,and after completion of the treatments,the rats were euthanized for measurement of liver,spleen and thymus indices and morphological and histopathological examinations of the liver tissues using HE staining.The expressions of YAP,p-YAP,MST1,LATS1 and p-LATS1 in the liver tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results Compared with the normal control rats,the rat models with DEN-induced HCC exhibited much poorer general condition with a significantly reduced survival rate,increased body weight and liver and spleen indices,and a lowered thymus index.ZGF treatment obviously reduced liver and spleen indices,increased the thymus index,and improved pathologies of the liver tissues of the rat models.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed a dose-dependent reduction of YAP expression and an increment of p-YAP expression in ZGF-treated rats,which also exhibited significantly upregulated hepatic expressions of MST1,LATS1 and p-LATS1.Conclusion ZGF inhibits DEN-induced HCC in rats by activating the Hippo/YAP pathway via upregulating MST1 and LATS1 expression,which promotes YAP phosphorylation and degradation to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of the tumor cells.

Objective:To systematically analyze the revisions content and technological development trends of microbiological standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP)2025 Edition,and explore its novel requirements in risk-based pharmaceutical product lifecycle management.Methods:A comprehensive review was conducted on 26 microbiological-related standards to summarize the revision directions and scientific implications from perspectives including the revision overview,international harmonization of microbiological standards,risk-based quality man-agement system,and novel tools and methods with Chinese characteristics.Results:The ChP 2025 edition demon-strates three prominent features in microbiological-related standards:enhanced international harmonization,intro-duced emerging molecular biological technologies,and established a risk-based microbiological quality control sys-tem.Conclusion:The new edition of the Pharmacopoeia has systematically constructed a microbiological standard system,which significantly improves the scientificity,standardization and applicability of the standards,providing a crucial support for advancing the microbiological quality control in pharmaceutical industries of China.

Objective To identify biomarkers that characterize its bitter-cold properties of Scutellaria Radix on the basis of evaluating its cold and hot properties,as well as possible metabolic pathways and related targets;To explore its molecular mechanism.Methods Totally 40 mice were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group,and were orally administered with normal saline and Scutellaria Radix decoction,respectively,for 4 consecutive days.The cold and hot plate differential method was used to evaluate the cold and hot tendencies of the mice;UPLC-MS/MS technology was used to analyze mouse blood samples,differential metabolites were screened using principal component analysis,partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis methods,and metabolic pathway analysis was performed;network modular analysis of differential metabolites was performed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software to identify potential molecular targets.Results On the second day of administration,the anal temperature of mice in the treatment group decreased significantly compared to the control group(P<0.01);in the cold and hot tendency test,the mice in the treatment group showed an overall increase in high-temperature tendency and a higher proportion of high-temperature zone retention.There was a statistically significant difference(P<0.01,P<0.05)between the treatment group and the control group on the 2nd and 3rd day of treatment;the pattern recognition analysis of serum metabolome data showed that the serum samples of the treatment group and the control group could be completely separated,and a total of 14 differential metabolites were screened out;metabolic pathway analysis identified 16 related pathways,including unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis,linoleic acid metabolism,citric acid cycle(TCA cycle),arachidonic acid metabolism,glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,steroid hormone biosynthesis,etc.;a total of 16 modules were obtained through network modular analysis,among which the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and linoleic acid metabolism pathway modules were larger;the nodal degree values of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid were greater than the mean,involving arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism pathways;by screening 26 genes associated with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system were obtained.Conclusion Scutellaria Radix may regulate the body's energy metabolism,achieve its biological effects,and characterize its medicinal properties by intervening in metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid.

Objective To analyze the research status,hot directions and frontier trends of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of diseases by regulating Notch signaling pathway based on bibliometrics.Methods Based on Citespace and Vosviewer,the literature on the regulation of Notch signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine in CNKI and WoSCC was visually analyzed.Results 362 and 85 related literatures were published in Chinese and English respectively until January 2024.Since 2013,the number of literatures published in this field has shown a fluctuating increasing trend.China is the country with the most publications;Hunan University of Chinese Medicine were the institutions with the most publications in the Chinese database,and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine was the institution with the most publications in the English literature database.Combined with the research direction of each research team and keyword clustering and burst analysis,the research hotspots of traditional Chinese medicine regulating Notch signaling pathway are focused on cerebral ischemia,myelosuppression and hepatic fibrosis.Diseases such as Asthma,colorectal cancer have become emerging research directions in recent years.Electroacupuncture therapy to promote stem cell proliferation and treat neurological diseases is one of the frontier research trends in this field.Conclusion Recent years have seen a rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine's disease prevention and treatment that targets Notch signaling pathway.Various expert teams have obtained rich research results,and the research hotspots show a diversified trend.In-depth exploration of this can provide strong evidence for the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of various diseases.

To perform the phylogenetic characterization of an isolated porcine rotavirus(PoRV)and investigate its pathogenicity in suckling mice and piglets.A G4P[23]genotype PoRV strain JSJR2023 was successfully isolated from the diarrheic piglet feces through propagation in MA104 cells.The viral proliferation kinetics were analyzed using TCID50 assays,followed by complete genome sequencing through Sanger sequencing platforms.Comprehensive genotyping and phylogenetic reconstruction were conducted using MEGA7.0 with maximum likelihood algorithms.Pathogenicity was assessed in the following animal models:5-day-old C57BL/6 mice and 3-day-old piglets.Multidimensional evaluation included clinical monitoring(diarrhea scoring,growth parameters),virological detection,and histopathological analysis of intestinal tissues.The virus strain JSJR2023 could replicate efficiently in MA104 cells,achieving peak titers of 107.5 TCID50/mL.Whole genome genotype analysis showed that the strain belonged to G4-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VP3 and NSP4 genes of JSJR2023 strain were most closedrelated to human species rotaviruses,suggesting genetic reassortment between human and porcine RV strains.The animal experiments in suckling mice showed that the JSJR2023 strain infection caused diarrhea symptoms,intestinal edema and congestion,and shedding of intestinal villus epithelial cells.The pathogenicity experiments in piglets showed that compared with the control group,the challenged group of pig-lets had severe diarrhea symptoms,accompanied by reduced appetite and listlessness.Post-mortem examination revealed that the intes-tines were significantly thinner,congested,and filled with yellow watery contents.The challenged piglets showed typical pathological changes such as thinning of the intestinal wall and shortening and shedding of intestinal villi.In conclusion,this study successfully iso-lated a human-porcine recombinant G4P[23]PoRV strain and established the infection models in suckling mice and piglets,providing important tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanism of PoRV,evaluating vaccines and developing antiviral drug.

Objective To conduct a comprehensive evaluation of Amphotericin B Deoxycholate(AmB-D)for injection,Liposomal Amphotericin B(L-AmB)for injection,and Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion(ABCD)for injection,and to provide a reference for the selection and rational use of drugs in medical institutions.Methods Based on the quantitative evaluation and selection record form in the A Quick Guideline for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions(the Second Edition),evidence was collected to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the included drugs.Results Comprehensively considering the pharmacological properties,efficacy,safety,economy,and other attributes of different preparations of amphotericin B,the quantitative scoring results were ranked from high to low,with ABCD(CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.)scoring 79.10 points,L-AmB(Gilead Sciences)scoring 78.30 points,and L-AmB(Shanghai Shangyao Xinya Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.)scoring 72.01 points.AmB-D(Shanghai Shanghai Pharmaceutical Xinya Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd)scored 63.20 points,and AmB-D(North China Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.)scored 59.78 points.Conclusion Both L-AmB and ABCD have better clinical efficacy and higher safety in the treatment of invasive fungal infections,and ABCD has a better price advantage than L-AmB.Based on A Quick Guideline for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions(the Second Edition),the evaluation results of different preparations of amphotericin B can provide a reference for the selection and rational use of amphotericin B in medical institutions.

Objective To explore the influencing factors on foot function recovery after distraction device-assisted repositioning of small incisions treatment for Sanders Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures,and to provide guidance for timely clinical interventions.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients with Sanders type Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures admitted to the People's Hospital of Bozhou from January 2021 to June 2023.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the hospital's electronic medical record system,the visual analog scale(VAS),the Marland foot function scale(MFS),the perceived social support scale(PSSS),and the perceived stress scale(PSS).The influencing factors of postoperative foot function recovery were analyzed using univariate factor analysis,multivariate linear regression,and structural equation modeling.Results The MFS scores of 80 patients at 6 months post-operation were significantly higher than preoperative scores(P＜0.001).The rates of excellent,good,fair,and poor foot function at 6 months post-operation were 56.3％,31.3％,10.0％,and 2.5％,respectively.Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in MFS scores based on different ages,time to start full weight-bearing exercise,bone mineral density,surgical timing,body mass index(BMI),postoperative VAS score,PSSS score,PSS score,and the presence of postoperative peroneal muscle spasm and peroneal muscle tendon adhesion(P＜0.05).Multivariate linear regression identified age,time to start full weight-bearing exercise,surgical timing,BMI,postoperative fibular muscle spasm,postoperative fibular muscle tendon adhesion,postoperative VAS score,PSSS score,and PSS score as significant factors affecting foot function recovery(P＜0.05).Structural equation modeling indicated that age,time to start full weight-bearing exercise,bone density,operative timing,BMI,postoperative peroneal muscle spasm,postoperative peroneal tendon adhesion,and pain severity directly influenced postoperative foot functional recovery.Additionally,psychological stress not only directly affected postoperative foot functional recovery but also indirectly influenced it through the mediating effect of social support.Conclusions Foot function recovery after surgery for Sanders type Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures is influenced by multiple factors.Psychological stress not only directly affects the recovery of foot function after surgery,but also mitigates the harm to foot function through social support.