Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 2,000 types of congenital anomalies affecting the human body have been identified, among which craniofacial anomalies rank between second and fourth in prevalence. Hearing impairment occurs in approximately 1.62 per 1,000 live births, while congenital malformations of the external and middle ear occur in about 1.6 per 10,000 live births. The WHO epidemiological report (2022) indicates that severe combined congenital malformations of the external and middle ear, including microtia and aural atresia, occur in approximately 2.35–7 per 10,000 live births. The prevalence of microtia is relatively higher in certain regions of Asia and South America (1 per 1,500–3,000 live births), whereas lower rates have been reported in Europe and Africa. Aim: To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of surgical reconstruction of the auricle and the external auditory canal–tympanic cavity (meatotympanoplasty) in patients with combined congenital malformations of the external and middle ear. Materials and Methods: Audiological evaluation revealed an air conduction hearing loss of 75–80 dB. Computed tomography grading showed scores of 5–6, corresponding to grade III congenital malformation of the external and middle ear, and classified as type III according to the Nagata–Weerda classification.In cases of unilateral combined congenital external and middle ear malformations (auricular deformity with associated aural atresia), auricular reconstruction and external auditory canal formation were performed in two surgical stages with a 6-month interval. At postoperative day 21, removal of the external auditory canal stent revealed no evidence of canal stenosis, and epithelialization of the skin graft had begun. Result: Postoperative audiological assessments conducted at 30, 45, and 60 days demonstrated a statistically and clinically significant improvement in hearing thresholds, which correlated directly with the healing status of the newly reconstructed tympanic membrane. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that in patients with combined congenital malformations of the external and middle ear, simultaneous reconstruction of the auricle and the external auditory canal–tympanic cavity in a single surgical stage may be feasible. This approach has the potential to reduce overall treatment duration, surgical burden, and psychological stress for patients. However, further studies involving larger patient cohorts and long-term follow-up are required to evaluate hearing stability and the incidence of postoperative complications, including restenosis and secondary tympanic membrane changes.

Result the subtypes and effectiveness of functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS) using a microdebrider Introduction: Chronic rhinitis in children has been on the rise in recent years, and polyps account for the majority of benign nasal cancers in children. Surgery is necessary when drug treatment is ineffective. We use pediatric rhinoplasty. Aimed at calculating the subtypes and effectiveness of Functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS) using a microdebrider. Material and methods: The survey was conducted between March and April 2020, based on the Otolaryngology Surgery Department of the National Center for Maternal and Child Health, using the cross-section of analytical design under Objectives 1 and 2 and the longitudinal design under Objective 3. Under Objectives 1 and 2, participants' information was collected from a pre-prepared questionnaire from their medical history. The questionnaire has four chapters that provide general information about the patient, clinical signs, surgical structure, and biopsy results. The pain was assessed by the “Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20)”. A total of 98 patients were included in the statistical analysis of the survey results using the STATA 15.0 program, and the results of the surgery were evaluated by 20 patients. Results: In children with chronic rhinitis, the SNOT20 test showed a statistically significant difference of 1.6 ± 0.6 before surgery and an average of 0.51 ± 0.11 after surgery. Conclusion: In chronic rhinitis, FESS with microdebrider surgery is an effective treatment for children.

BACKGROUND. Over 5% of the world’s population or 466 million people have disabling hearing loss (432 million adults and 34 million children). Profound sensorineural hearing loss and deafness can be treated successfully with a cochlear implant. A cochlear implant (CI) stimulates the auditory nerve, bypassing the defective cochlea, and provides auditory information to the developing brain, thus improving oral language. Children, who receive an early diagnosis of deafness and proper speech rehabilitation, and undergo early cochlear implantation, are able to develop auditory and linguistic skills at par with their hearing peers. METHOD. 6 deaf patients who underwent unilateral Cochlear Implantation at the NCMCH from January 2017 to June 2018 were included in the study. Participants were divided into 3 groups on the basis of age at which participants underwent implantation. RESULTS. Pre-op average MAIS was 1,6/40, Category of Auditory Performance (CAP) - 0,77 and SIR - 0,7/5 in all implanted age groups. Score increased over time to attain average score MAIS -29.6/40, CAP- 3.3/7 SIR-2.7/5 in all implanted groups at one year after implantation. CONCLUSION. There is a need for more research on patient age and gender composition, and outcomes of cochlear implantation and hearing devices in this study population. A robust set of study measures would provide statistical significance. Parent-child relationships affect hearing and speech therapy results, so there’s a need to improve parents’ knowledge regarding these therapies.

BACKGROUND. Otitis media (OM) is any inflammation of the middle ear. It is very common in children. The purpose of Survey is to analyzing result that insertion of tympanostopmy tube treatment for children who had otitis media. METHOD. The study covers total 482 tympanostomy surgery cases conducted, between 2013-2015, at ENT Surgery Department, National Center for Child and Maternal Health. Titanium tube had been placed for the patients with either adhesive otitis media and otitis media with effusion. In order to evaluate surgery results, follow up examinations were carried out in 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months using otoscopy, audiometer, ABR and ASSR test. RESULTS. Most of the children (82.4%) in whom a ventilating tube have been placed in tympanic membrane had exudative otitis and the remaining (17.6%) children had adhesive otitis. In means of age group, children with 0-2 years, 3-4 years, 5-6 years, 7 and more were, 39.9% (n=173), 42.7% (n=206), 15.6% (n=75) and 5.8% (n=28) respectively. After the tympanostomy surgery tympanic membrane color gets better, turns pearl grey, fluctuation improves, membrane cavity pressure lowers to -50daPa and hearing status ranged 20.4-5.4dB which allows the patient to continue normal speech development. CONCLUSION. Among 482 patients whom involved surgical procedure of Insertion of tympanostomy tube treatment last 3 years in Department of Pediatric Otolaryngologists in Maternal and Child Health of Mongolia and otitis media with effusion and adhesive otitis media type were occurred 30% to 40% from above cases. After tube placement tympanic membrane movement improved and color of tympanic membrane is getting pearl-grey and middle ear pressure decreasing until to 50daPa and children hearing range changed 20.4 to 5.4 db. So we could prevent these children suffer speech disorder .