Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries among junior badminton athletes during a national championship. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 128 junior badminton athletes who were members of one Indonesian badminton club and participated in the National Premier Circuit held in June 2019 in West Java, Indonesia. Data on demographic characteristics, history of previous and current injuries, physical examination, diagnosis (type, anatomical structure involved, and location), and treatment of injuries were collected along with data on the format of the game (single, double, or combination), and the number of matches for each respective athlete. Measures of injury frequency used were the incidence proportion and clinical incidence. Determinant factors for incidence were investigated. Results: Twenty-four injury events involving 23 athletes were recorded, with an incidence proportion of 23/128 athletes (18%) and a clinical incidence of 24/128 athletes or 18.8 per 100 athletes. Acute injuries were more frequent (13/24, 54.2%) than chronic/overuse injuries. More than half (14/24, 58.3%) of the injuries occurred in the lower extremities. Factors that increased the risk of injury were age ≥ 15 years (relative risk [RR] = 6.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96, 20.04, p < 0.001), and the number of matches ≥ 3 (RR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.61, 8.92, p = 0.001). Conclusion Musculoskeletal injuries occurred frequently among Indonesian junior badminton athletes during the national elite championship. An effective injury-prevention program specific to young athletes should be developed to maintain their future participation and performance in competition.
Racquet Sports ; Wounds and Injuries ; Epidemiology ; Athletes ; Adolescent

PURPOSE: The first aim of this study was to retrospectively survey sports injuries among 608 athletes participating in 26 sport events. The second aim was to compare the characteristics of sports injuries depending on the occurrences during the high school and university periods.METHODS: The data were collected based on the daily injury report form proposed by the International Olympic Committee from March to June 2019.RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-nine athletes (313 men) of 608 participated athletes experienced a total of 747 sports injuries, indicating 0.7 injuries per 1,000 athlete exposures (AEs). The incidence rate during the university period was 6.1 injuries/1,000 AEs, which was approximately two-fold higher than that during the high school period (2.8 injuries/1,000 AEs). The reported frequency of injuries was the highest among long distance athletics (n=60, 8.0%), and in each subgroup as well.CONCLUSION: Many more injuries were incurred during practice wherein injuries in long-distance athletics were the most common than in competition athletics; handball injuries and taekwondo injuries were the most common during high school and university, respectively. The most contact injuries occurred in taekwondo and most noncontact injuries occurred in gymnastics during high school and in badminton during university. The most commonly affected body parts were the knee, shoulder, and ankle. Severe injuries were the most frequent in long distance athletics, and emergent situations were the most common in taekwondo.
Ankle ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries ; Gymnastics ; Human Body ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Racquet Sports ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Sports

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activities of the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus according to the type of backhand stroke in badminton.METHODS: To measure the muscle activities, we used electromyography (EMG) equipment to measure EMG values by performing maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the forearm muscles, which depends on the type of backhand stroke. With these values, the %maximum voluntary isometric contraction values were obtained. The data were calculated using SPSS ver. 21.0 and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance with a post-hoc least significant difference test.RESULTS: In this study, the backhand clear achieved higher maximum muscle activity values than those by the backhand push, under clear, and drive in the brachioradialis. The backhand smash achieved higher maximum muscle activity values than those by the backhand push in the extensor carpi radialis longus.CONCLUSION: The backhand clear is associated with a higher injury rate than those associated with the backhand push, under clear, and drive. The backhand smash is associated with a higher rate of the occurrence of tennis elbow than that associated with the backhand push. To prevent injuries, it is considered that the forearm's strength, stretching before and after exercise, and sufficient time to rest are important.
Electromyography ; Forearm ; Isometric Contraction ; Muscles ; Racquet Sports ; Stroke ; Tennis Elbow

PURPOSE: This study examined the injury and rehabilitation of athletes with disabilities in racket sports projects (i.e., badminton, table tennis, and wheelchair tennis). In addition, the characteristics of each project and the differences among those projects are discussed. METHODS: Business team athletes with disabilities in racket sport were enrolled as subjects (i.e., 19 badminton athletes, 19 table tennis athletes, and 19 wheelchair tennis athletes). The real conditions of the injury, injury severity, injury site, symptoms, and rehabilitation methods after injury were analyzed. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed among the actual condition, injury severity, symptoms and the methods of rehabilitation on racket sport for athletes (i.e., badminton, table tennis, and wheelchair tennis athletes) with disability. The differences were focused mainly on the injury sites due to the characteristics of the different projects, and specific technical actions. CONCLUSION: This study examined the real condition of the injury, injury severity, injury site, symptoms and rehabilitation methods after the injury on the rackets (i.e., badminton, table tennis, and wheelchair tennis) athletes with disabilities. The data can be used to eliminate the incidence of injury and minimize the injury severity for racket athletes with disabilities. In addition, it can also be used for the disabled, who like racket projects, as the fundamental material to prevent injury and assist in recovery.
Athletes ; Commerce ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Incidence ; Racquet Sports ; Rehabilitation ; Tennis ; Wheelchairs

Calcaneal apophysitis is a relatively common disease in young athletes. On the other hand, if not treated properly, it can lead to apophyseal avulsion fracture in rare cases. In the case of apophyseal avulsion fractures, it is often necessary to remove or preserve the bone fragment, which often requires a suture of the Achilles tendon. A 10-year-old badminton athlete visited the outpatients' clinic with pain in both heels from 10 months ago without any trauma history. After conservative therapy, the pain in the left heel was relived but the right heel pain persisted. After 10 months of conservative therapy, the patient visited the outpatients' clinic showing a calcaneal apophyseal avulsion fracture with a total rupture of the Achilles tendon. In the operation room, a bone fragment needed to be removed because of its poor viability and the fragment was too thin for fixation. After removing the bone fragment, the ruptured Achilles tendon was fixed with an anchor system.
Achilles Tendon* ; Athletes ; Child* ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Racquet Sports ; Rupture* ; Sutures

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical fitness and performance level depending on play style in female table tennis players. Thirty-one female players participated in this study. The measurement factors for physical fitness were body composition, cardiopulmonary function and fitness, balance, power, flexibility, agility, isotonic and isokinetic strength, muscle endurance and anaerobic. Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows; in cardiopulmonary function and fitness, FEV1/FVC was significantly higher in defensive style than drive style. Also, Harvard step test was significantly higher in drive style than attack style. In agility, cross run was significantly slower in attack style than the other styles. In isokinetic strength, left flexion strength of knee was significantly higher in driver style than defensive style. Also, in correlations, performance level had association with Harvard step test in defensive and attack style, 20 m run in attack style, cross run in defensive and drive style, push-ups in drive style. As different physical fitness factors were correlated on performance and scientific training program should be applied according to the play styles.
Body Composition ; Education ; Exercise Test ; Female* ; Humans ; Knee ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness* ; Pliability ; Racquet Sports ; Sports ; Tennis*

BACKGROUND: If hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis is impaired by factors other than a deficiency in free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) synthesis, the amount of FEP might be increased. In this study, we analyzed the statistical values and contribution of FEP for the monitoring and diagnosis of iron deficient anemia in adolescent female athletes according to various sports. METHODS: We collected whole blood from 64 adolescent female athletes 13 to 19 years of age. The FEP was measured fluorometrically. After other hematological indices were evaluated, statistical analysis was performed to compare the data among various athletes. RESULTS: The mean age was 14.8+/-1.7 (13~19) years old. The number of runners, badminton players and shooting athletes were 46.9% (n=30), 12.5% (n=8) and 40.6% (n=26), respectively. The prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia were 23.4%, 23.4% and 14.0%, respectively. The measured concentration of FEP was 48.7+/-21.1 microgram/dL (12~125). A moderately negative correlation of Hb and FEP was noted and was found to be statistically significant (r=-0.571, P<0.001). Among serum ferritin, TS and FEP, there was no statistically significant correlation. For the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, FEP was the most statistically significant index (P<0.001). For iron deficiency, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 88.9%, 30.4%, 33.3%, and 87.5%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curves, showed that FEP had excellent diagnostic power to detect iron deficiency. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of iron deficiency among the three athletes, with runners and badminton players tending to be affected more frequently with iron deficiency than static athletes such as the shooters (runners and badminton vs. shooting athletes, 33.3% and 25.0% vs. 19.2%). CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed FEP to be the most significant factor for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in athletes. Proper nutritional counseling and monitoring need to be tailored to various sports, especially in terms of static versus nonstatic sports such as runners and badminton players versus shooting athletes.
Adolescent* ; Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; Athletes* ; Counseling ; Diagnosis* ; Erythrocytes* ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Iron* ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Prevalence ; Racquet Sports ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sports

Objective: To determine the patient profile and risk factors for badminton-related eye injuries in Metro Manila. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of badminton-related eye injuries in Metro Manila. A survey form was sent to 13 ophthalmologists who were asked to report on patients treated for badminton-related eye injuries from July 1 to December 1, 2004. The following data were collected: patient age, gender, and sports experience; details of eye injury; use of protective eyewear; and visual outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict sight-threatening injuries. Results: The average patient age was 34.7 +/- 6.2 years (range 18 to 46). There were more males than females (1.55:1). All patients sustained eye injury while playing doubles. None of the patients were wearing protective eyewear at the time of injury. Blunt trauma due to shuttlecock impact was the cause of injury in 74 % of cases. The most common ocular findings were iridocyclitis (n = 11), secondary glaucoma (n = 6), and hyphema (n = 5). Twenty-nine sight-threatening conditions were reported. Six (26 %) patients developed chronic ocular sequelae. Conclusion: Sight-threatening injuries can occur in individuals playing badminton. While vision loss is uncommon, treatment outcomes are generally good. Since all injuries were sustained without the use of protective eyewear, ophthalmologists have a responsibility to promote its use when playing badminton.
Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; MULTICENTER STUDIES ; EYE INJURIES ; SPORTS ; RACQUET SPORTS ; ATHLETIC INJURIES ; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES ; WOUNDS AND INJURIES

Badminton is a popular sport in Korea. However, medical records about badminton injuries are rare. Compared to other sports, badminton is of low risk, and most injuries related to badminton are overused injuries and are localized to the food and ankle. The frequent ones are medial/lateral epicondylitis, shoulder impingement syndrome, Achilles tendinitis, infra patellar tendinitis, hip bursitis, and spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis etc. The rehabilitation program include control of pain and swelling; restoring the full range of motion; increasing muscular strength, endurance and power; reestablishing neuromuscular control; improving balance; maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness; and incorporating functional progressions. The most important point in rehabilitation is regular follow-up during the healing process.
Ankle ; Bursitis ; Hip ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Racquet Sports* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation* ; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome ; Sports ; Tendinopathy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behaviors, the self-perception of body images, the hematological indices and the nutrient intake of adolescent female athletes in Incheon. The subjects were 112 female athletes (track and field: n = 32, target shooting: n = 27, fencing: n = 29, swimming: n = 14, badminton: n = 10) from middle and high schools in Incheon. This cross-sectional study was conducted by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, serum iron, mean cor-puscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS). Nutrient intakes obtained by means of the 3 day-recall method were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 10.0 program. Most of the female athletes had dietary problems such as eating unbalanced meals, skipping meals, and preferences for processed foods. More than 60% of the female athletes skipped breakfast. As for perception of their body images, track and field athletes in particular, controlled their weights significantly better than the other athletes (p < 0.05). With regard to their physical exertion during exercise, 56.3% of the swimmers and 31.3% of the track and field athletes answered "very hard", which was a significant difference (p < 0.001). More than 80% of the female athletes experienced vertigo during exercise (p < 0.01). Also more than 50% of the female athletes, with the exception of the badminton players, had experienced irregular menstruation (p < 0.05). The average serum iron levels (p < 0.05), the serum ferritin levels (p < 0.05) and TS (p < 0.05) of the track and field athletes was significantly lower as compared to that of the other athletes. The nutrient intakes of the female athletes, with the exception of Vitamin B6, niacin and phosphorus were lower than the Korean Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA). In particular, the calcium and iron intakes of the female athletes were under 50% of the Korean RDA. Therefore, proper nutritional education and supplementation are required for female athletes to encourage desirable eating habits, as well as to improve their nutritional status and exercise performances.
Adolescent* ; Athletes* ; Body Image* ; Breakfast ; Calcium ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Eating* ; Education ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Fasting ; Feeding Behavior* ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Iron ; Meals ; Menstruation ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status ; Phosphorus ; Physical Exertion ; Racquet Sports ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Self Concept ; Swimming ; Track and Field ; Transferrin ; Vertigo ; Vitamin B 6 ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires