Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

OBJECTIVE To explore the application effect of the"IMS"information-based combined supervision sys-tem in the prevention and control of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in the comprehensive ICU of a tertiary hospital.METHODS Data related to multidrug-resistant bacterial hospital infections in hospitalized patients in the comprehensive ICU of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from 2022 to 2023 was retrospectively collected.In 2022,the conventional multidrug-resistant infection management mode was continued and was designated as the conven-tional infection management group.In 2023,on the basis of the aforementioned conventional management mode,the"IMS"information-based integrated supervision strategy was implemented,which included a multidrug-resist-ant critical value alert isolation system,a real-time monitoring system for antibiotic usage,a hand hygiene compli-ance monitoring system,and an automatic disinfection system for environmental cleanliness,and was designated as the information-based integrated supervision group.The rates of MDRO infections and hospital infections be-tween two groups were compared.RESULTS The informatized combined supervision group showed a reduction in The detection rate of five multidrug-resistant bacteria decreased in the information-based integrated supervision group(62.47％vs.69.33％,P＜0.05).The utilization rate of special-grade antimicrobial agents among hospital-ized patients decreased(51.46％vs.57.58％,P＜0.05).The hand hygiene compliance among ICU healthcare workers improved(95.45％vs.92.32％,P＜0.05).Additionally,the rate of pathogenetic delivery prior to anti-microbial in hospitalized patients of other department,as well as the microbiological qualification rate of the envi-ronment,have also shown improvement.CONCLUSION With the help of"IMS"information-based integrated su-pervision system has effectively enhanced the capacity for prevention and control of multidrug-resistant infection in the emergency intensive care department in the hospital.

OBJECTIVE To explore the application effect of the"IMS"information-based combined supervision sys-tem in the prevention and control of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in the comprehensive ICU of a tertiary hospital.METHODS Data related to multidrug-resistant bacterial hospital infections in hospitalized patients in the comprehensive ICU of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from 2022 to 2023 was retrospectively collected.In 2022,the conventional multidrug-resistant infection management mode was continued and was designated as the conven-tional infection management group.In 2023,on the basis of the aforementioned conventional management mode,the"IMS"information-based integrated supervision strategy was implemented,which included a multidrug-resist-ant critical value alert isolation system,a real-time monitoring system for antibiotic usage,a hand hygiene compli-ance monitoring system,and an automatic disinfection system for environmental cleanliness,and was designated as the information-based integrated supervision group.The rates of MDRO infections and hospital infections be-tween two groups were compared.RESULTS The informatized combined supervision group showed a reduction in The detection rate of five multidrug-resistant bacteria decreased in the information-based integrated supervision group(62.47％vs.69.33％,P＜0.05).The utilization rate of special-grade antimicrobial agents among hospital-ized patients decreased(51.46％vs.57.58％,P＜0.05).The hand hygiene compliance among ICU healthcare workers improved(95.45％vs.92.32％,P＜0.05).Additionally,the rate of pathogenetic delivery prior to anti-microbial in hospitalized patients of other department,as well as the microbiological qualification rate of the envi-ronment,have also shown improvement.CONCLUSION With the help of"IMS"information-based integrated su-pervision system has effectively enhanced the capacity for prevention and control of multidrug-resistant infection in the emergency intensive care department in the hospital.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective:To explore the application effect of ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation) in the training of maxillofacial trauma first-aid ability of dental nurses, in order to optimize the training process of dental nurses.Methods:A self-controlled before and after study was conducted. Fifty-one dental nurses in Qingdao Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Qingda University were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method in March 2022, and the first aid ability training for maxillofacial trauma was carried out according to the five stages of ADDIE model. Before and after the training, the evaluation was made from three aspects: theory and skill test results, first-aid ability and training satisfaction scores.Results:Among 51 dental nurses, there were 4 males and 47 females, aged (30.69 ± 5.85) years. After the training, the theoretical assessment score of dental nursing staff was (88.87 ± 6.20) points, higher than that before the training (80.51 ± 7.21) points, and the technical assessment score was (91.61 ± 4.08) points, higher than that before the training (82.03 ± 7.56) points. The differences were statistically significant ( t = - 14.38, - 10.93, both P<0.01). The total score of first aid ability of nurses was (137.38 ± 11.30) points, higher than that before training (123.40 ± 13.73) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = - 17.30, P<0.01). The satisfaction score of dental nursing staff was (4.58 ± 0.50) points, higher than that before training (3.96 ± 0.46) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = - 11.51, P<0.01). Conclusions:The training program based on ADDIE model, through systematic teaching design, is helpful to improve the emergency treatment ability and training satisfaction of dental nursing staff with maxillofacial trauma.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To examine the status of self-perceived aging, family function, and fear of disease progression among elderly patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and to explore the mediating role of self-perceived aging in the relationship between family function and fear of disease progression.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 307 elderly patients with PUD hospitalized in the Third Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University between December 2023 and May 2024 were included. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire, the Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ), the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), and the Chinese version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES II-CV). The PROCESS macro in SPSS was used to construct and validate a mediation model to assess the mediating effect of self-perceived aging between family function and fear of disease progression among elderly patients with PUD.Results:A total of 307 questionnaires were distributed, with 276 valid responses obtained (effective response rate: 89.90%). The B-APQ score was (53.79±18.30), the FACES II-CV score was (92.17±16.39), and the FoP-Q-SF score was (30.16±6.02). Family function negatively predicted fear of disease progression directly, with a direct effect value of -0.083, accounting for 44.15% of the total effect (-0.083/-0.188). Self-perceived aging exerted a significant mediating effect between family function and fear of disease progression, with an indirect effect value of -0.105, representing 55.85% of the total effect (-0.105/-0.188) .Conclusions:This study reveals the mediating role of self-perceived aging in the relationship between family function and fear of disease progression in elderly PUD patients. The findings enrich the explanatory dimensions of psychosocial models in chronic disease management and underscore the importance of addressing family dynamics and aging perceptions in designing comprehensive interventions for elderly patients with digestive diseases.

Neuroscience is a significant frontier discipline within the natural sciences and has become an important interdisciplinary frontier scientific field. Brain is one of the most complex organs in the human body, and its structural and functional analysis is considered the “ultimate frontier” of human self-awareness and exploration of nature. Driven by the strategic layout of “China Brain Project”, Chinese scientists have conducted systematic research focusing on “understanding the brain, simulating the brain, and protecting the brain”. They have made breakthrough progress in areas such as the principles of brain cognition, mechanisms and interventions for brain diseases, brain-like computation, and applications of brain-machine intelligence technology, aiming to enhance brain health through biomedical technology and improve the quality of human life. Due to limited understanding and comprehension of neuroscience, there are still many important unresolved issues in the field of neuroscience, resulting in a lack of effective measures to prevent and protect brain health. Therefore, in addition to actively developing new generation drugs, exploring non pharmacological treatment strategies with better health benefits and higher safety is particularly important. Epidemiological data shows that, exercise is not only an indispensable part of daily life but also an important non-pharmacological approach for protecting brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases, forming an emerging research field known as motor neuroscience. Basic research in motor neuroscience primarily focuses on analyzing the dynamic coding mechanisms of neural circuits involved in motor control, breakthroughs in motor neuroscience research depend on the construction of dynamic monitoring systems across temporal and spatial scales. Therefore, high spatiotemporal resolution detection of movement processes and movement-induced changes in brain structure and neural activity signals is an important technical foundation for conducting motor neuroscience research and has developed a set of tools based on traditional neuroscience methods combined with novel motor behavior decoding technologies, providing an innovative technical platform for motor neuroscience research. The protective effect of exercise in neurodegenerative diseases provides broad application prospects for its clinical translation. Applied research in motor neuroscience centers on deciphering the regulatory networks of neuroprotective molecules mediated by exercise. From the perspectives of exercise promoting neurogenesis and regeneration, enhancing synaptic plasticity, modulating neuronal functional activity, and remodeling the molecular homeostasis of the neuronal microenvironment, it aims to improve cognitive function and reduce the incidence of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. This has also advanced research into the molecular regulatory networks mediating exercise-induced neuroprotection and facilitated the clinical application and promotion of exercise rehabilitation strategies. Multidimensional analysis of exercise-regulated neural plasticity is the theoretical basis for elucidating the brain-protective mechanisms mediated by exercise and developing intervention strategies for neurological diseases. Thus,real-time analysis of different neural signals during active exercise is needed to study the health effects of exercise throughout the entire life cycle and enhance lifelong sports awareness. Therefore, this article will systematically summarize the innovative technological developments in motor neuroscience research, review the mechanisms of neural plasticity that exercise utilizes to protect the brain, and explore the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of major neurodegenerative diseases. This aims to provide new ideas for future theoretical innovations and clinical applications in the field of exercise-induced brain protection.

Objective:To examine the status of self-perceived aging, family function, and fear of disease progression among elderly patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and to explore the mediating role of self-perceived aging in the relationship between family function and fear of disease progression.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 307 elderly patients with PUD hospitalized in the Third Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University between December 2023 and May 2024 were included. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire, the Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ), the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), and the Chinese version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES II-CV). The PROCESS macro in SPSS was used to construct and validate a mediation model to assess the mediating effect of self-perceived aging between family function and fear of disease progression among elderly patients with PUD.Results:A total of 307 questionnaires were distributed, with 276 valid responses obtained (effective response rate: 89.90%). The B-APQ score was (53.79±18.30), the FACES II-CV score was (92.17±16.39), and the FoP-Q-SF score was (30.16±6.02). Family function negatively predicted fear of disease progression directly, with a direct effect value of -0.083, accounting for 44.15% of the total effect (-0.083/-0.188). Self-perceived aging exerted a significant mediating effect between family function and fear of disease progression, with an indirect effect value of -0.105, representing 55.85% of the total effect (-0.105/-0.188) .Conclusions:This study reveals the mediating role of self-perceived aging in the relationship between family function and fear of disease progression in elderly PUD patients. The findings enrich the explanatory dimensions of psychosocial models in chronic disease management and underscore the importance of addressing family dynamics and aging perceptions in designing comprehensive interventions for elderly patients with digestive diseases.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations, gene mutation characteristics, imaging and video electroencephalogram (VEEG) characteristics of patients with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA).Methods:The clinical data of 9 patients with genetically diagnosed DRPLA in the Neurology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to January 2023 were collected, and the clinical data of DRPLA patients reported in China were retrieved and summarized.Results:A total of 45 cases were included. The clinical characteristics were summarized as follows: (1) The male to female ratio of 45 patients was 1.00∶1.25, and the age of onset was (28.11±14.58) years. (2) The main clinical symptoms of juvenile type, early-onset adult type and late-onset adult type were analyzed, and the results showed that the frequency of seizures in juvenile type (16/17) was higher than that in early-onset adult type (8/21) and late-onset adult type (2/7), with statistically significant difference (χ 2=15.971, P<0.001). In addition, the frequency of cognitive impairment in juvenile type (16/17) was also higher than that in early-onset adult type (15/21) and late-onset adult type (2/7), also with statistically significant difference (χ 2=10.177, P=0.005). Cognitive impairment, language disorder and involuntary movement were common in early-onset adult patients, and about half of the patients had ataxia. Ataxia and language disorder were more common in late-onset adult patients, while seizures and cognitive impairment were rare. (3) In imaging, cerebellum and brainstem atrophy was the most common, followed by cortical atrophy and white matter lesions. (4) The number of trinucleotide (CAG) repeats was 53-79, and there was a significant negative correlation between the number of CAG repeats and the age of onset ( r=-0.765, P<0.001), that means the younger the age of onset, the higher the number of CAG repeats. (5) In terms of electrophysiology, 21 patients provided complete VEEG data, of which slowed activity (52%, 11/21) and generalized discharge (71%, 15/21) were more common, and focal discharge (33%, 7/21) was uncommon. Conclusions:DRPLA patients can present with epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, and other clinical manifestations. Brainstem and cerebellar atrophy and white matter lesions can be relatively characteristic in imaging. In terms of electrophysiology, slowed activity and generalized discharge are more common. DRPLA patients are easy to be misdiagnosed in clinical practice and genetic confirmation helps confirm the diagnosis.