Cancer incidence in China has been rising steadily,with a particularly heavy burden from several high-prevalence malignancies.Medical examination for cancer plays a critical role in the early detection of cancer,precancerous lesions,and precursor conditions,thereby facilitating timely diagnosis and intervention.Such examination also addresses the growing demand for person-alized cancer screening services among diverse population groups.The development of evidence-based,context-specific cancer screening guidelines is essential to enhance the standardization,quality,and equity of preventive screening practices across the country,ultimately improving out-comes in early cancer detection and treatment.Guided by the Department of Medical Emergency Response of the National Health Commission,the Guidelines for Medical Examination for Cancer in Health Examination Agency(2025 Edition)were developed under the leadership of the National Cancer Center.A multidisciplinary panel of experts formulated the guidelines in accordance with the principles and methodology of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Deve-lopment.The guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on key clinical domains:target cancers and populations,overall screening workflow,screening protocols,diagnostic technolo-gies,result interpretation,follow-up procedures,and quality control.The primary objective is to standardize cancer screening practices in health examination agency and strengthen China's ca-pacity for prevention and control of high-burden cancers.

Dyslipidemia is one of the common metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus,often coexisting with insulin resistance and central obesity to form metabolic syndrome,significantly increasing the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetic patients.Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)refers to the sum of cholesterol contained in other lipopro-teins except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).In recent years,the importance of non-HDL-C in the management of diabetic complications has garnered increasing attention,and it has been established as a major lipid-lowering target along with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in the latest expert consensus on lipid management for Chinese diabetic patients.Clinical studies have demonstrated that non-HDL-C is closely associated with residual cardiovascular risk and recurrent stroke risk in diabetic patients,as well as carotid plaque vulnerability and the development of peripher-al arterial disease.Additionally,non-HDL-C is also closely related to diabetic nephropathy and reti-nopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus,and achieving long-term control of non-HDL-C levels can reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease.This article summarized the relationship between non-HDL-C and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and elucidated its significance as a future clinical therapeutic target.

Objective: To explore the value of nomogram based on DCE-MRI radiomics combined with clinical-ra- diological features in predicting HR status in breast cancer with Her-2 low expression． Methods: A total of 198 pa- tients of Her-2 low expression breast cancer who underwent standardized breast MRI in our hospital from January 2019 to February 2025 were retrospectively analyzed．Patients were divided into HR ( + ) group ( n = 137) and HR ( －) group ( n = 61) ．The cases were divided into a training set ( 138 cases) and a testing set ( 60 cases) in a 7 ∶ 3 ratio．Clinical-radiological model was based on clinical and traditional radiological features，radiomics model was based on DCE-MRI，and combined model was constructed，respectively．The nomogram was drawn，and re- ceiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the performance of different models in predicting HR sta- tus． Results: The DCE-MRI radiomics score ( Radscore) between the HR ( + ) group and the HR ( －) group showed statistical differences in both the training and testing sets ( both P＜0. 001) ．The AUC of the clinical-radio- logical model based on lesion mobility，Ki67，TIC type，enhancement pattern and maximum diameter for predicting HR status in the training set and testing set were 0. 643 and 0. 616，respectively．The AUC of the DEC-MRI ra- diomics model in the training set and testing set were 0. 897 and 0. 860，respectively．The nomogram drawn by combining clinical-radiological features and Radscore showed better predictive performance in both the training set ( AUC = 0. 913) and testing set ( AUC = 0. 898) than the clinical-radiological model ( all P＜0. 05) ． Conclusion The nomogram combined by DCE-MRI radiomics and clinical-radiological features can effectively predict HR sta-tus of breast cancer with low Her-2 expression，which is helpful to the building of individualized treatment plan for breast cancer patients．

Objective To analyze the economic cost of self-monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus, and provide a basis for measuring the economic burden of gestational diabetes mellitus, and to provide a reference for the formulation of intervention development and the adjustment of resource allocation. Methods The individual economic cost of self-monitoring for gestational diabetes mellitus was measured based on a decision tree model, and the total economic cost of self-monitoring for gestational diabetes mellitus in Beijing was estimated. The uncertainty of the model parameters was analyzed using one-way sensitivity analysis. Results The average individual economic cost of gestational diabetes self-monitoring was 1184 RMB, and the individual cost incurred by choosing different types of blood glucose meters ranged from 403 to 18 000 RMB. The average individual economic cost of finger-stick blood glucose monitoring was 606 RMB and the average individual economic cost of continuous glucose monitoring was 2 374 RMB. The total economic cost of gestational diabetes self-monitoring in Beijing was 23.818 0 million RMB, and the total economic cost incurred by choosing different types of blood glucose meters ranged from 0.292 5 to 9.027 9 million RMB. The proportion of the finger-stick blood glucose monitoring had the greatest impact on the robustness of the results. Conclusion Finger-stick blood glucose monitoring is still the dominant self-monitoring method and is less costly than continuous glucose monitoring. Self-monitoring of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus incurs certain economic cost and causes an economic burden on society.

Cancer incidence in China has been rising steadily,with a particularly heavy burden from several high-prevalence malignancies.Medical examination for cancer plays a critical role in the early detection of cancer,precancerous lesions,and precursor conditions,thereby facilitating timely diagnosis and intervention.Such examination also addresses the growing demand for person-alized cancer screening services among diverse population groups.The development of evidence-based,context-specific cancer screening guidelines is essential to enhance the standardization,quality,and equity of preventive screening practices across the country,ultimately improving out-comes in early cancer detection and treatment.Guided by the Department of Medical Emergency Response of the National Health Commission,the Guidelines for Medical Examination for Cancer in Health Examination Agency(2025 Edition)were developed under the leadership of the National Cancer Center.A multidisciplinary panel of experts formulated the guidelines in accordance with the principles and methodology of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Deve-lopment.The guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on key clinical domains:target cancers and populations,overall screening workflow,screening protocols,diagnostic technolo-gies,result interpretation,follow-up procedures,and quality control.The primary objective is to standardize cancer screening practices in health examination agency and strengthen China's ca-pacity for prevention and control of high-burden cancers.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To analyze the influence of 5E rehabilitation mode on cardiac function,exercise capacity,self-man-agement ability and quality of life(QOL)in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)after percutaneous coronary inter-vention(PCI).Methods:A total of 123 patients diagnosed with CHD in our hospital from April 1,2022 to April 1,2023 were selected and divided into control group(n=61,received routine nursing mode)and observation group(n=62,5E re-habilitation nursing mode was adopted on the basis of control group)using random number table method.Both groups were continuously intervened for three months.Cardiac function,exercise capacity,self-management level and QOL were compared between the two groups before and after intervention.Results:After intervention,compared with control group,there were significant rise in SV[(69.66±4.86)ml vs.(75.94±5.29)ml],CI[(3.11±0.30)L·min-1·m-2 vs.(3.39±0.36)L·min-1·m-2],LVEF[(57.22±5.82)％vs.(68.54±5.31)％],MET[(4.36±0.64)vs.(5.09±0.86)],6min walking distance[(296.52±18.72)m vs.(359.33±19.75)m],scores of CSMS[(89.32±11.85)points vs.(112.31±9.63)points],CQQC[(111.56±9.27)points vs.(139.50±7.59)points]in observation group,P=0.001 all;and significant reductions in LVEDd[(52.12±4.84)mm vs.(41.28±4.74)mm],LVESd[(48.39±3.82)mm vs.(42.26±3.57)mm],BNP level[(99.63±6.31)pg/ml vs.(60.52±7.11)pg/ml],propor-tion of NYHA class Ⅲ(25.00％vs.10.00％)in observation group,P＜0.05 or＜0.01.Conclusion:The application of 5E rehabilitation nursing can significantly improve cardiac function,enhance exercise capacity,strengthen the self-man-agement behavior and improve quality of life in postoperative clinical nursing of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention,which has high clinical application value.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Magnetic separation(MS)is frequently used to enrich specific targets from biological sam-ples,which is commonly performed using antibodies coupled immunomagnetic beads(IMBs).However,due to the high cost of antibodies and difficulties in the process of releasing captured targets,IMBs have limitations for large-scale enrichment of targeted bioproducts.The specificities and affinities of aptamers towards their targets are in line with antibodies,but with characteristic of significantly lower costs of prep-aration,simpler structures,and higher chemical stability.In this study,taking advantages of the distinct adsorption features of graphene for single-stranded and double-stranded nucleic acids,we designed a novo system as bioseparation method that could display aptamers on graphene surfaces to enrich targets and then manipulate their release.This system mainly includes two units.Take CD63 aptamer as an exam-ple:double-stranded oligonucleotides scaffold attached to the graphene surface for CD63 aptamer exhibi-tion;and a single-stranded oligonucleotide complementary to the scaffold bipod sequence to desorb the captured targets from graphene.In this study,firstly,using graphene oxide(GO)paper as a graphene surface,we fluorescently labeled scaffolds or CD63 proteins and compared the fluorescence intensity difference on the GO paper before and after scaffold or CD63 protein release.Subsequently,a novo mate-rial,amino-modified graphene-shelled iron-nitrogen magnetic beads were introduced to carry the scaffold,and used to capture CD63 proteins from cell lysates.The results indicate that this scaffold can display the aptamer on the graphene surface for CD63 protein capture and controlled release.Using selected modified graphene magnetic beads carried with the scaffold,we achieved the capture of CD63 proteins from cell ly-sates.This system is expected to enrich various proteins such as CD63,or capture exosomes by hooking membrane proteins.