This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Neuropathic pain, often featuring allodynia, imposes significant physical and psychological burdens on patients, with limited treatments due to unclear central mechanisms. Addressing this challenge remains a crucial unsolved issue in pain medicine. Our previous study, using protein kinase C gamma (PKCγ)-tdTomato mice, highlights the spinal feedforward inhibitory circuit involving PKCγ neurons in gating neuropathic allodynia. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing this circuit necessitate further elucidation. We used diverse transgenic mice and advanced techniques to uncover the regulatory role of the descending serotonin (5-HT) facilitation system on spinal PKCγ neurons. Our findings revealed that 5-HT neurons from the rostral ventromedial medulla hyperpolarize spinal inhibitory interneurons via 5-HT_2C receptors, disinhibiting the feedforward inhibitory circuit involving PKCγ neurons and exacerbating allodynia. Inhibiting spinal 5-HT_2C receptors restored the feedforward inhibitory circuit, effectively preventing neuropathic allodynia. These insights offer promising therapeutic targets for neuropathic allodynia management, emphasizing the potential of spinal 5-HT_2C receptors as a novel avenue for intervention.
Animals ; Neuralgia/physiopathology* ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism* ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism* ; Hyperalgesia/physiopathology* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Serotonin/metabolism* ; Male ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

AIM To investigate the protective effect of Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills against house dust mite(HDM)-induced allergic asthma in mice.METHODS Compared to the intact BALB/c mice in the blank control group,the BALB/c mice randomly assigned into the model group,the dexamethasone group(0.67 mg/kg),and the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills groups(15,30 and 60 mg/kg),were induced into acute allergic asthma models via weekly intraperitoneal sensitization with 0.1 mL HDM solution(0.5 mg/mL)for three weeks followed by three consecutive daily intranasal challenges with 10 μL HDM solution(2.5 mg/mL)starting in the third week.The drug administered continuously 7 days after the last excitation.The mice had their airway reactive Penh value detected,their pulmonary pathological changes observed by HE staining,their blood eosinophils(EOS)counted,their Th2 cytokines in lung tissue and serum IgE levels detected by ELISA,and their number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and pulmonary Th2 cells detected by flow cytometry.Chronic allergic asthma was induced in grouped BALB/c mice through repeated intranasal challenges with 10 μL HDM solution(2.5 mg/mL)administered five times weekly for five consecutive weeks.Drug treatment continued for 14 days following the final challenge.After the final treatment,the mice had their pulmonary pathological changes observed by HE staining,and their levels of Th2 cytokines in B ALF and lung tissue and serum IgE detected by ELISA.RESULTS Compared to the blank control group,the acute allergic asthma model group exhibited increases in Penh value,EOS count and IgE level in serum,IL-4 and IL-5 levels in lung tissue(P＜0.01);obvious pulmonary inflammatory cells infiltration,and thickened airway wall;and increase in pulmonary number of Th2 cells(P＜0.01).Compared to the model group,the groups intervened with Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills demonstrated decreased Penh value,serum EOS count,IgE level and IL-5 level in lung tissue(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);reduced pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and alleviated airway wall thickening;and decreased number of pulmonary Th2 cells.Compared to the blank group,the chronic allergic asthma model group showed obvious pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and airway wall thickening;and increased EOS count and IgE level in serum,IL-4 and IL-13 in lung tissue and IL-14 in BALF(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared to the model group,the groups intervened with either medium-dose or high-dose Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills demonstrated reduced pulmonary inflammatory infiltration;and decreased serum EOS count,IgE level,IL-13 in lung tissue and IL-14 in BALF(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills reduce Th2 cells in peripheral blood and lung tissue,suppress type 2 inflammation,and thereby alleviate allergic asthma.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of recombinant coagulation factor Ⅷ (Octocog alfa) in Chinese patients with hemophilia A (HA) enrolled in the International Antihemophilic Factor Hemophilia A Outcome Database (AHEAD) study (NCT02078427) .Methods:Enrollment of Chinese patients in the AHEAD study was completed by January 2021, and data were collected up to July 15, 2022. This study primarily assessed patients in terms of the Gilbert score, global gait score within the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), annualized bleeding rate (ABR), annualized joint bleeding rate, and adverse events.Results:A total of 168 male patients were included in this study, of which 113 received prophylactic treatment and 53 received on-demand treatment. The average age of the patients was 21.4±13.37 years. Compared with baseline, the global gait score within HJHS significantly decreased during the 1-year follow-up in patients with moderately severe HA in the prophylactic treatment group ( P=0.01) and on-demand treatment group ( P=0.008). The mean reduction in Gilbert score was greater in the prophylactic treatment group than in the on-demand treatment group (28.6% vs 8.2%). The average ABR decreased significantly during the 1-year follow-up (3.70 vs 7.78, P=0.01) in the prophylactic treatment group, particularly in patients with severe HA (2.14 vs 8.98, P=0.006) and pediatric patients (2.1 vs 4.73, P=0.03). The ABR score also decreased significantly in the moderate-dose prophylactic treatment group ( P=0.015). During the 1-year follow-up, 25 patients (14.9%) reported 39 adverse events, with only one patient developing treatment-related F Ⅷ inhibitor. Conclusion:Joint mobility improved in patients receiving either prophylactic or on-demand Octocog alfa. Bleeding episodes significantly reduced in patients receiving prophylactic treatment, particularly in pediatric patients and those with severe HA.

Objective:To study the effects of parenteral nutrition containing ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion on the inflammatory status of patients with intestinal fistula at the early stage.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 28 patients with intestinal fistula who were admitted to the Sixth Department of General Surgery of Anhui Provincial Second People's Hospital from November 2023 to May 2024.The patients were either divided into control group(n=15,parenteral nutrition alone group)or study group(n=13,parenteral nutrition plus ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion)according to whether ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion was added to parenteral nutrition.Both groups of patients received parenteral nutrition support treatment,and the study group was given ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion during treatment.The general information,inflammatory factors in the blood,nutrition,and immune status of two groups of patients were collected and compared.The feces samples on the first and 14th day of admission were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of gut microbiota.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the general information,inflammation,nutrition,immune status,and gut microbiota between the two groups of patients on the first day of admission(P>0.05),indicating comparability between the two groups.After two weeks of parenteral nutrition support,the counts of red blood cells,white blood cells,platelets,lymphocytes,and levels of C-reactive protein,glutamate-pyruvate transaminase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,total protein,albumin,and creatinine in the research group were similar to those in the control group without statistically significant differences(P>0.05).However,the counts of neutrophils and levels of blood urea nitrogen in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P=0.03 and P=0.01).In addition,the abundance of intestinal flora in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).At the genus level,the abundance of Bacteroides_uniformis,Parabacteroides_merdae,Alistipes_finegoldii,Streptococcus_constellatus,Christensenella_minuta were different between the two groups after two weeks of treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Parenteral nutrition containing ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion can reduce the counts of neutrophils,which may alleviate inflammatory responses for patients with intestinal fistula at the early stage.

Objective:To investigate the use of treatment measures in patients with severe postpartum hemor-rhage and massive blood transfusion.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of parturients from 18 medical institutions who gave birth between January 2019 and June 2023,with postpartum hemorrhage≥ 1000 ml within 24 hours after delivery and red blood cell(RBC)transfusion≥4 U.According to the amount of RBC transfusion,the patients were divided into massive-transfusion(MT)group(≥ 10 U)and non-massive-transfusion(non-MT)group(4-＜10 U).The high-risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage,causes of hemorrhage,and medical and surgical treatment measures were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 575 patients were included(134 cases in MT group and 441 cases in non-MT group).In the MT group,the proportions of multiparous women,gravidity≥2,preterm birth,previous cesarean section,placenta previa,and placenta accreta were significantly higher than those in the non-MT group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The primary cause of postpartum haemorrhage in the MT group was placental factors(58.2％),whereas uterine atony was the main cause in the non-MT group(52.2％).Analysis of medication treatment showed that carboprost tromethamine was the most frequently used secondary uterotonic in both groups(73.1％and 80.5％).Surgical management analysis revealed that the proportion of surgical interventions was higher in the MT group than that in the non-MT group.Among the 44 patients who underwent hysterectomy,33 cases un-derwent hysterectomy during cesarean section,with the primary cause of postpartum haemorrhage being placen-tal factors(29 cases,87.9％).Conclusion:Patients with severe postpartum haemorrhage requiring massive transfusion need extensive pharmacological and surgical interventions.It is crucial to reduce risk factors,particu-larly by decreasing the incidence of primary cesarean sections,optimize uterotonic use,and ultimately minimize the occurrence of severe postpartum haemorrhage and massive transfusion.

Objective:To investigate the use of treatment measures in patients with severe postpartum hemor-rhage and massive blood transfusion.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of parturients from 18 medical institutions who gave birth between January 2019 and June 2023,with postpartum hemorrhage≥ 1000 ml within 24 hours after delivery and red blood cell(RBC)transfusion≥4 U.According to the amount of RBC transfusion,the patients were divided into massive-transfusion(MT)group(≥ 10 U)and non-massive-transfusion(non-MT)group(4-＜10 U).The high-risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage,causes of hemorrhage,and medical and surgical treatment measures were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 575 patients were included(134 cases in MT group and 441 cases in non-MT group).In the MT group,the proportions of multiparous women,gravidity≥2,preterm birth,previous cesarean section,placenta previa,and placenta accreta were significantly higher than those in the non-MT group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The primary cause of postpartum haemorrhage in the MT group was placental factors(58.2％),whereas uterine atony was the main cause in the non-MT group(52.2％).Analysis of medication treatment showed that carboprost tromethamine was the most frequently used secondary uterotonic in both groups(73.1％and 80.5％).Surgical management analysis revealed that the proportion of surgical interventions was higher in the MT group than that in the non-MT group.Among the 44 patients who underwent hysterectomy,33 cases un-derwent hysterectomy during cesarean section,with the primary cause of postpartum haemorrhage being placen-tal factors(29 cases,87.9％).Conclusion:Patients with severe postpartum haemorrhage requiring massive transfusion need extensive pharmacological and surgical interventions.It is crucial to reduce risk factors,particu-larly by decreasing the incidence of primary cesarean sections,optimize uterotonic use,and ultimately minimize the occurrence of severe postpartum haemorrhage and massive transfusion.

AIM To investigate the protective effect of Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills against house dust mite(HDM)-induced allergic asthma in mice.METHODS Compared to the intact BALB/c mice in the blank control group,the BALB/c mice randomly assigned into the model group,the dexamethasone group(0.67 mg/kg),and the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills groups(15,30 and 60 mg/kg),were induced into acute allergic asthma models via weekly intraperitoneal sensitization with 0.1 mL HDM solution(0.5 mg/mL)for three weeks followed by three consecutive daily intranasal challenges with 10 μL HDM solution(2.5 mg/mL)starting in the third week.The drug administered continuously 7 days after the last excitation.The mice had their airway reactive Penh value detected,their pulmonary pathological changes observed by HE staining,their blood eosinophils(EOS)counted,their Th2 cytokines in lung tissue and serum IgE levels detected by ELISA,and their number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and pulmonary Th2 cells detected by flow cytometry.Chronic allergic asthma was induced in grouped BALB/c mice through repeated intranasal challenges with 10 μL HDM solution(2.5 mg/mL)administered five times weekly for five consecutive weeks.Drug treatment continued for 14 days following the final challenge.After the final treatment,the mice had their pulmonary pathological changes observed by HE staining,and their levels of Th2 cytokines in B ALF and lung tissue and serum IgE detected by ELISA.RESULTS Compared to the blank control group,the acute allergic asthma model group exhibited increases in Penh value,EOS count and IgE level in serum,IL-4 and IL-5 levels in lung tissue(P＜0.01);obvious pulmonary inflammatory cells infiltration,and thickened airway wall;and increase in pulmonary number of Th2 cells(P＜0.01).Compared to the model group,the groups intervened with Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills demonstrated decreased Penh value,serum EOS count,IgE level and IL-5 level in lung tissue(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);reduced pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and alleviated airway wall thickening;and decreased number of pulmonary Th2 cells.Compared to the blank group,the chronic allergic asthma model group showed obvious pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and airway wall thickening;and increased EOS count and IgE level in serum,IL-4 and IL-13 in lung tissue and IL-14 in BALF(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared to the model group,the groups intervened with either medium-dose or high-dose Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills demonstrated reduced pulmonary inflammatory infiltration;and decreased serum EOS count,IgE level,IL-13 in lung tissue and IL-14 in BALF(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills reduce Th2 cells in peripheral blood and lung tissue,suppress type 2 inflammation,and thereby alleviate allergic asthma.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of recombinant coagulation factor Ⅷ (Octocog alfa) in Chinese patients with hemophilia A (HA) enrolled in the International Antihemophilic Factor Hemophilia A Outcome Database (AHEAD) study (NCT02078427) .Methods:Enrollment of Chinese patients in the AHEAD study was completed by January 2021, and data were collected up to July 15, 2022. This study primarily assessed patients in terms of the Gilbert score, global gait score within the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), annualized bleeding rate (ABR), annualized joint bleeding rate, and adverse events.Results:A total of 168 male patients were included in this study, of which 113 received prophylactic treatment and 53 received on-demand treatment. The average age of the patients was 21.4±13.37 years. Compared with baseline, the global gait score within HJHS significantly decreased during the 1-year follow-up in patients with moderately severe HA in the prophylactic treatment group ( P=0.01) and on-demand treatment group ( P=0.008). The mean reduction in Gilbert score was greater in the prophylactic treatment group than in the on-demand treatment group (28.6% vs 8.2%). The average ABR decreased significantly during the 1-year follow-up (3.70 vs 7.78, P=0.01) in the prophylactic treatment group, particularly in patients with severe HA (2.14 vs 8.98, P=0.006) and pediatric patients (2.1 vs 4.73, P=0.03). The ABR score also decreased significantly in the moderate-dose prophylactic treatment group ( P=0.015). During the 1-year follow-up, 25 patients (14.9%) reported 39 adverse events, with only one patient developing treatment-related F Ⅷ inhibitor. Conclusion:Joint mobility improved in patients receiving either prophylactic or on-demand Octocog alfa. Bleeding episodes significantly reduced in patients receiving prophylactic treatment, particularly in pediatric patients and those with severe HA.