ObjectiveThe development trend and knowledge structure of the research on human use experience （HUE） of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） were systematically reviewed， and the core challenges and future directions were identified. This study aims to provide reference for the construction of a scientific and feasible research and development framework and evidence transformation system. MethodsLiterature related to "human use experience" published from January 1， 2019 to July 31， 2025 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， China Science and Technology Journal Database （VIP）， and PubMed databases. Bibliometric visualization was conducted using Excel， VOSviewer， and CiteSpace， followed by in-depth reading and thematic summarization of core literature. ResultsA total of 181 papers were included for bibliometric analysis， with 45 articles used for in-depth thematic mining. The analysis showed that the number of publications on HUE research has increased in a stepwise manner over the past five years. Yang Zhongqi （24 times） was the core of the author network， the journal with the highest number of publications was China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica， the institutions publishing the most articles were mainly research institutions， regulatory agencies， hospitals， and universities， high-frequency keywords included "new TCM drugs"， "real-world studies"， and "clinical comprehensive evaluation"， keyword clustering analysis formed three major clusters： Policy orientation， application fields， and methodological approaches. Thematic analysis reveals that HUE-based evaluation should be integrated throughout the research and development process， encompassing three dimensions： TCM theory， clinical value， and pharmaceutical fundamentals， with toxic herbs and compatibility contraindications being key foci. Data collection primarily relies on empirical data， while real-world data constitute the primary source for clinical research， with efficacy and safety as the shared core. Data management emphasizes quality control and statistical analysis； however， the management of bias and confounding remains a critical bottleneck in evidence transformation. In practice， HUE-based approaches have successfully supported the registration and evaluation of multiple categories of new TCM drugs. ConclusionThe research on HUE of TCM has formed a policy-driven pattern characterized by， rapid development and close link with regulatory practice. A technical framework covering the whole chain of research and development has been constructed with clinical value as the core， which provides methodological basis and strategy reference for the scientific transformation of HUE of TCM from "experience" to "evidence".

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Objective: To analyze the trends in incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of prostate cancer. Methods: Data of the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Ningbo City from 2011 to 2023 were collected through Ningbo Chronic Disease Collaborative Management System. The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer were calculated and standardized by the data from the sixth national population census in 2010 and the Segi's world standard population in 1960. The trends in incidence and mortality of prostate cancer were evaluated using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 15 411 cases of prostate cancer were reported in Ningbo City from 2011 to 2023, and the crude incidence, Chinese-standardized incidence and world-standardized incidence were 39.62/105, 22.18/105 and 16.49/105, respectively, showing upward trends (AAPC=14.782%, 10.390% and 10.608%, all P<0.05). The Chinese-standardized incidence of prostate cancer was higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and both showed upward trends (25.14/105 vs. 19.44/105; AAPC=9.057% and 14.272%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence of prostate cancer in the groups aged 50-<60 years, 60-<70 years, 70-<80 years and ≥80 years showed upward trends (AAPC=11.657%, 14.031%, 10.734% and 5.300%, all P<0.05). A total of 3 739 deaths were reported, and the crude mortality, Chinese-standardized mortality and world-standardized mortality were 9.66/105, 5.23/105 and 3.71/105, respectively, showing upward trends (AAPC=8.458%, 3.620% and 3.602%, all P<0.05). The Chinese-standardized mortality of prostate cancer was higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and both showed upward trends (5.35/105 vs. 5.13/105; AAPC=3.183% and 3.962%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of prostate cancer the groups ageds ≥80 years showed an upward trend (AAPC=7.482%, P<0.05). Conclusions From 2011 to 2023, the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Ningbo City showed upward trends. Special attention should be paid to urban residents, and prostate cancer screening should be strengthened among males aged 50 years and older.

Objective:To analyze the disease burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) among young and middle-aged people in China from 1990 to 2021, and to explore the influence of age, period and cohort on the incidence and mortality of CRC in young and middle-aged people of China.Methods:Data on CRC in patients aged 40-59 years in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Statistics such as incidence rate, mortality rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and their corresponding age-standardized rates were calculated to analyze the CRC incidence and mortality in different age and sex groups of young and middle-aged Chinese young people from 1990 to 2021. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the CRC incidence, the mortality and the DALY rate, as well as to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC). The effects of three independent factors, namely age, period and cohort, on the incidence and mortality of CRC in young and middle-aged people of China were analyzed and evaluated through the age-period-cohort model.Results:From 1990 to 2021, there was a remarkable upward trend in the incidence, mortality, and DALY of CRC among Chinese young and middle-aged adults. In 2021, the number of incidence cases of CRC among young and middle-aged people in China reached 181 000, and the number of deaths reached 57 900, which were 236.80% and 75.48% higher than those in 1990 (53 800 and 33 000, respectively). During the same period, DALY increased by 62.59%, with the 55-59 age group having the largest increase at 83.35%. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased by 49.04%, rising from 25.51/100 000 to 38.02/100 000, and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) declined by 28.75%, decreasing from 17.01/100 000 to 12.12/100 000, respectively. The increase in ASIR was the greatest among the 40-44 age group, reaching 57.31%, while the decline in ASMR was the most significant among the 50-54 age group, amounting to 30.18%. However, the DALY rate declined by 26.66%, from 673.52/100 000 to 493.94/100 000. The decline in DALY was the greatest among the 50-54 age group, reaching 28.26%. Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that, from 1990 to 2021, the incidence of CRC in Chinese young and middle-aged adults rose on average by 1.32% annually, and the increase was higher in men (1.87%) than that in women (0.36%). The mortality rate showed a downward trend, with an average annual decline of 1.10%, with a higher decline in women than in men (-2.14% vs. -0.50%). The DALY rate showed a downward trend, with an average annual decline of 1.00%, and more decline in women than in men (-2.06% vs. -0.41%). All of these trends were statistically significant (all P<0.001). The age-period-cohort model analysis showed that, the net drift of CRC incidence was 1.21% (1.02%-1.41%) per year among Chinese young and middle-aged adults between 1990 and 2021, while the net drift in mortality was -1.40% (-1.59%--1.21%) per year. The impact of age on CRC incidence and mortality intensified with advancing age. Incidence attributable to age rose from 12.66% (11.90%- 13.46%) in the 40-44 age group to 56.68% (54.37%-59.08%) in the 55-59 age group. Similarly, mortality attributable to age increased from 6.47% (6.12%-6.85%) in the 40-44 age group to 25.74% (24.58%-26.96%) in the 55-59 age group. In all age groups, the role of CRC incidence and mortality attributable to age was higher in men than in women. Period effects on the RR value of CRC incidence showed a declining trend followed by an upward trend, with the highest risk during 2015-2019 ( RR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.28-1.43), using 2000-2004 as the reference. For mortality, period effects exhibited a declining trend, with the highest risk during 1990-1994 ( RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.15-1.32), using 2000-2004 as the reference. Cohort effects indicated that later birth cohorts had higher incidence risks, with the highest incidence observed in the 1973-1977 birth cohort ( RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.16-1.45), using the 1953-1957 birth cohort as the reference. Conversely, later birth cohorts had lower mortality risks, with the lowest mortality in the 1973-1977 birth cohort ( RR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88), using the 1953-1957 birth cohort as the reference. Conclusions:From 1990 to 2021, the changes in the disease burden of CRC among young and middle-aged people in China are manifested as an increase in standardized incidence rate and a decrease in standardized mortality rate. Meanwhile, there are gender differences in the trend of temporal changes. Age, period and cohort all have a significant impact on the incidence and mortality trends of colorectal cancer in young and middle-aged people. Research on the etiology of CRC should be strengthened, and targeted prevention and control strategies should be formulated.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of different doses of methylprednisolone(MP)on smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury(SI-ALI)in rats,and to explore the changes in the expression of aquaporins(AQPs)and the underlying mechanisms for alleviating lung injury.Methods A total of 86 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups:control group(n=6),smoke inhalation injury(SI)group(n=20),low-dose MP group(LMP,SI+0.4 mg/kg MP,n=20),medium-dose MP group(MMP,SI+4 mg/kg MP,n=20),and high-dose MP group(HMP,SI+40 mg/kg MP,n=20).A model of smoke inhalation-induced lung injury was established.The survival status of the rats in each group was monitored.Lung tissues were collected 24 hours after injury to determine the wet-to-dry(W/D)ratio of the lung tissues,arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2),and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6.The degree of lung injury was evaluated using HE staining,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP1 and AQP5 in the lung tissues were detected.Results Compared with control group,the survival rate of the rats in SI group was significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with SI group,the survival rates of the rats in MMP and HMP groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the PaO2 of the Rats in SI group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the wet-to-dry(W/D)ratio and lung injury scores were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with SI group,the PaO2 of the rats in LMP,MMP,and HMP groups(P<0.05)was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the lung W/D ratio and injury scores in MMP and HMP groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).ELISA results showed that compared with control group,the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in SI group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with SI group,the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in MMP and HMP groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).HE staining revealed that the alveolar structure of the rats in SI group was severely damaged;compared with SI group,the damage to the alveolar structure in MMP and HMP groups was alleviated.Real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis results showed that compared with control group,the mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP1 and AQP5 in lung tissues in SI group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);however,compared with SI group,these levels in LMP,MMP,and HMP groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusions Smoke inhalation can induce acute lung injury in rats and down-regulate the expression levels of AQP1 and AQP5 in the lung tissues.Methylprednisolone can alleviate pulmonary edema and tissue damage in rats caused by smoke inhalation,and induce the up-regulation of the expression of AQP1 and AQP5.

Objective To explore the effects of Rhodiola salidroside on regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway and explore its impact on hippocampal neuron autophagy and apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R).Methods The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 was cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group,OGD/R group,salidroside group,tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ)group,and salidroside+TBHQgroup.Except for control group,cell models were established by OGD/R induction in other groups.Cells in corresponding groups were treated with Rhodiola salidroside(500 μmol/L)and/or MAPK activator TBHQ(50 μmol/L)for 24 h.The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release rates were measured,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay.Acridine orange(AO)staining was used to detect autophagy.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukins(IL)-6,IL-8,and IL-17,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of proteins related to apoptosis,autophagy,and the MAPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway.Results Salidroside(500 μmol/L)significantly enhanced the viability of OGD/R-induced HT22 cells(P＜0.05),without obvious effect on the viability of normally cultured HT22 cells(P＞0.05).Compared with control group,OGD/R group showed significantly increased LDH release rates,apoptosis rates,autophagosome formation rates,levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-17 and TNF-α,expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),Cleaved Caspase-3,Caspase-3 and Beclin-1 protein,ratios of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,phosphorylation(p)-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK,and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2(P＜0.05),while cell viability and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with OGD/R group,salidroside group had significantly reduced LDH release rates,apoptosis rates,autophagosome formation rates,levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-17,and TNF-α,expressions of Bax,Cleaved Caspase-3,Caspase-3,Beclin-1 protein,and ratios of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio,p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK,and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2(P＜0.05),while cell viability and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The change of indicators in TBHQgroup showed an opposite trend to those in salidroside(P＜0.05).Compared with salidroside group,salidroside+TBHQgroup had significantly increased LDH release rates,apoptosis rates,autophagosome formation rates,levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-17 and TNF-α,expressions of Bax,Cleaved Caspase-3,Caspase-3,Beclin-1 protein,and ratios of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK,and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2(P＜0.05),while cell viability and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Salidroside may inhibit OGD/R-induced hippocampal neuron autophagy and apoptosis by blocking the activation and transmission of MAPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 12(SNHG12)on neuronal damage induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)by targeting microRNA(miR)-140-3p.Methods Human cortical neurons(HCN)were used to establish an OGD/R model,which was separated into OGD/R group,negative control(NC)group,SNHG12 group,SNHG12+miR-NC group,and SNHG12+miR-140-3p mimics group.Normal cultured HCN were also taken as the control(Ctrl)group.There were 6 repetitions in each group.Cell proliferation,apoptosis,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity,mitochondrial membrane potential,lncRNA SNHG12 and miR-140-3p expression levels,and the interaction of lncRNA SNHG12 and miR-140-3p were detected.Results Compared with the control group,the survival rate of HCN,mitochondrial membrane potential,and lncRNA SNHG12 expression were lower in the OGD/R group,while the LDH activity,apoptosis rate,and miR-140-3p expression were higher(P＜0.05).Compared with the OGD/R group and NC group,the survival rate of HCN,mitochondrial membrane potential,and lncRNA SNHG12 expression were higher in the SNHG12 group,while the LDH activity,apoptosis rate,and miR-140-3p expression were lower(P＜0.05).Compared with the SNHG12+miR-NC group,the survival rate of HCN,mitochondrial membrane potential,and lncRNA SNHG12 expression were lower in the SNHG12+miR-140-3p mimics group,while the LDH activity,apoptosis rate,and miR-140-3p expression were higher(P＜0.05).Dual luciferase activity showed a targeted relationship between lncRNA SNHG12 and miR-140-3p(P＜0.05).Conclusion LncRNA SNHG12 may exert a protective effect against OGD/R-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting miR-140-3p.

Background: Bushen Zhuanggu Formula (BZF), derived from the classic Yougui Pills, has shown favorable clinical efficacy in treating advanced nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH), particularly by promoting bone repair. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which BZF promotes bone repair in advanced NONFH. Materials and methods: A total of 518 potential BZF targets were identified from the ETCM v2.0 database. Transcriptomic profiling of clinical cohorts revealed 485 differentially expressed genes in advanced NONFH patients compared to healthy controls. A drug target-disease gene interaction network was constructed to identify candidate BZF targets involved in NONFH pathogenesis. In vivo experiments were conducted to validate the effects of BZF in a rat model of advanced NONFH. Results: Network analysis identified key pathways associated with blood circulation obstruction, immune-inflammatory imbalance, and abnormal bone metabolism. Protein kinase C alpha (PKCA), Ras proto-oncogene (RAS), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(ERK), ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) formed a signaling axis implicated in NONFH pathogenesis. BZF treatment alleviated joint inflammation, preserved trabecular bone morphology, reduced bone loss, and promoted bone repair. Mechanistically, BZF significantly downregulated the expression of PKCA, RAS, ERK, ETS1, and RANKL, improved blood circulation, and inhibited osteoclast activation while promoting osteoblast activation. Conclusion: BZF may promote bone repair in advanced NONFH by enhancing blood circulation and modulating the PKC-RAS-ERK-ETS1-RANKL signaling axis, thereby reversing dysregulated bone metabolism.

Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture at"Weizhong"on angiogenesis of chronic blunt injury of lumbar muscle in rats;To explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic lumbar skeletal muscle injury based on PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway.Methods A total of 24 SD male rats were established chronic blunt injury of lumbar muscle model,and were randomly divided into model group,Weizhong group and non-acupoint group,with 8 rats in each group.Another 8 rats of the same age were selected as the blank group.In the Weizhong group,acupuncture intervention was performed on both sides of"Weizhong",while in the non-acupoint group,acupuncture intervention was performed on both sides of"Weizhong"inwardly by 0.5 cm,once a day for 20 minutes each time,for 2 consecutive weeks.The blank group and model group adopted the same grasping fixed posture without any intervention.The body mass and limb grip strength of each group were measured,the lumbar muscle tissue morphology was observed by HE staining,the content of NO in lumbar muscle tissue was detected by ELISA,the expression of VEGF in lumbar muscle tissue was observed by immunofluorescence,the expression of PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway protein in lumbar muscle tissue was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the blank group,body mass and limb grip strength of model group decreased(P<0.01),cell structure of waist skeletal muscle was loosely arranged,red blood cells and nuclear exudation were observed,NO content and positive expression of VEGF in lumbar muscle tissue decreased(P<0.01),and the protein expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and HIF-1α in lumbar muscle tissue were down-regulated(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body mass and limb grip strength of rats in Weizhong group increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the arrangement of skeletal muscle cells in the waist was more compact and orderly,and the content of NO and positive expression of VEGF in lumbar muscle tissue were increased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and HIF-1α in lumbar muscle tissue were up-regulated(P<0.01).The effects of Weizhong group was better than those in non-acupoint group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture at"Weizhong"can effectively promote the repair of chronic blunt injury of lumbar muscle in rats.The mechanism may be related to activating the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway to regulate angiogenesis and improve vascular injury.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of cardiac color Doppler ultrasonography for left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)complicated left heart failure(LHF).Methods:A total of 117 LVH patients complicated LHF admitted in Ningde City Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal College between January 2019 and January 2023(heart failure group)and 100 healthy people(control group)who underwent general physical examination in our hospital simultaneously were selected for the study.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left atrial diameter(LAD),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd),early diastolic peak flow velocity/late diastolic peak flow velocity(E/A)were measured by cardiac color Doppler ultrasound in two groups.Receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of cardiac color Doppler ultrasound indexes for LVH complicated LHF.In addition,the 117 patients with LVH and LHF were divided into mild group(n=54)and moderate to severe group(n=63)according to cardiac function class.Spearman correlation analysis was used to an-alyze the associationof cardiac color ultrasound parameters with cardiac function class.Results:Compared with par-ticipants in control group,those in heart failure group had significant lower LVEF[(47.88±4.75)％ vs.(69.81±5.64)％],and significant higher LAD[(44.03±4.88)mm vs.(27.56±2.76)mm vs.],LVEDd[(55.68±5.04)mm vs.(42.19±1.38)mm],E/A[(13.04±3.58)vs.(6.60±1.67)](P＜0.001 all).ROC analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combination of various parameters of cardiac ultrasound for diagnosing LVH with LHF was significantly higher than those of the single tests(Combined detection:AUC=0.901,95％CI 0.853～0.937 vs LVEF:AUC=0.644,95％CI 0.577～0.708,LAD:AUC=0.703,95％CI 0.637～0.763,LVEDd:AUC=0.633,95％CI 0.565～0.697,E/A:AUC=0.748,95％CI 0.685～0.804,Z=7.062,5.764,7.292,4.864,P＜0.001 all).Compared with patients in mild group,those in moderate to severe group had signifi-cant lower LVEF[(45.67±3.37)％ vs.(50.47±4.86)％],and significant higher LAD[(46.31±4.42)mm vs.(41.36±3.98)mm],LVEDd[(60.09±1.75)mm vs.(50.53±1.41)mm]and E/A[(13.99±2.96)vs.(11.93±3.92)](P＜0.01 all).Spearman correlation analysis indicated that LVEF was negatively correlated with cardiac function class(r=-0.474),while LAD(r=0.511),LVEDd(r=0.863),E/A(r=0.269)were positively corre-lated with cardiac function class(P＜0.01 all).Conclusion:Cardiac color Doppler ultrasound could better diagnose LVH complicated LHF,and also could effectively predict the cardiac function of patients with LVH and LHF.