ObjectiveThe development trend and knowledge structure of the research on human use experience （HUE） of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） were systematically reviewed， and the core challenges and future directions were identified. This study aims to provide reference for the construction of a scientific and feasible research and development framework and evidence transformation system. MethodsLiterature related to "human use experience" published from January 1， 2019 to July 31， 2025 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， China Science and Technology Journal Database （VIP）， and PubMed databases. Bibliometric visualization was conducted using Excel， VOSviewer， and CiteSpace， followed by in-depth reading and thematic summarization of core literature. ResultsA total of 181 papers were included for bibliometric analysis， with 45 articles used for in-depth thematic mining. The analysis showed that the number of publications on HUE research has increased in a stepwise manner over the past five years. Yang Zhongqi （24 times） was the core of the author network， the journal with the highest number of publications was China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica， the institutions publishing the most articles were mainly research institutions， regulatory agencies， hospitals， and universities， high-frequency keywords included "new TCM drugs"， "real-world studies"， and "clinical comprehensive evaluation"， keyword clustering analysis formed three major clusters： Policy orientation， application fields， and methodological approaches. Thematic analysis reveals that HUE-based evaluation should be integrated throughout the research and development process， encompassing three dimensions： TCM theory， clinical value， and pharmaceutical fundamentals， with toxic herbs and compatibility contraindications being key foci. Data collection primarily relies on empirical data， while real-world data constitute the primary source for clinical research， with efficacy and safety as the shared core. Data management emphasizes quality control and statistical analysis； however， the management of bias and confounding remains a critical bottleneck in evidence transformation. In practice， HUE-based approaches have successfully supported the registration and evaluation of multiple categories of new TCM drugs. ConclusionThe research on HUE of TCM has formed a policy-driven pattern characterized by， rapid development and close link with regulatory practice. A technical framework covering the whole chain of research and development has been constructed with clinical value as the core， which provides methodological basis and strategy reference for the scientific transformation of HUE of TCM from "experience" to "evidence".

Objective: To analyze the trends in incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of prostate cancer. Methods: Data of the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Ningbo City from 2011 to 2023 were collected through Ningbo Chronic Disease Collaborative Management System. The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer were calculated and standardized by the data from the sixth national population census in 2010 and the Segi's world standard population in 1960. The trends in incidence and mortality of prostate cancer were evaluated using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 15 411 cases of prostate cancer were reported in Ningbo City from 2011 to 2023, and the crude incidence, Chinese-standardized incidence and world-standardized incidence were 39.62/105, 22.18/105 and 16.49/105, respectively, showing upward trends (AAPC=14.782%, 10.390% and 10.608%, all P<0.05). The Chinese-standardized incidence of prostate cancer was higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and both showed upward trends (25.14/105 vs. 19.44/105; AAPC=9.057% and 14.272%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence of prostate cancer in the groups aged 50-<60 years, 60-<70 years, 70-<80 years and ≥80 years showed upward trends (AAPC=11.657%, 14.031%, 10.734% and 5.300%, all P<0.05). A total of 3 739 deaths were reported, and the crude mortality, Chinese-standardized mortality and world-standardized mortality were 9.66/105, 5.23/105 and 3.71/105, respectively, showing upward trends (AAPC=8.458%, 3.620% and 3.602%, all P<0.05). The Chinese-standardized mortality of prostate cancer was higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and both showed upward trends (5.35/105 vs. 5.13/105; AAPC=3.183% and 3.962%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of prostate cancer the groups ageds ≥80 years showed an upward trend (AAPC=7.482%, P<0.05). Conclusions From 2011 to 2023, the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Ningbo City showed upward trends. Special attention should be paid to urban residents, and prostate cancer screening should be strengthened among males aged 50 years and older.

Background: Bushen Zhuanggu Formula (BZF), derived from the classic Yougui Pills, has shown favorable clinical efficacy in treating advanced nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH), particularly by promoting bone repair. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which BZF promotes bone repair in advanced NONFH. Materials and methods: A total of 518 potential BZF targets were identified from the ETCM v2.0 database. Transcriptomic profiling of clinical cohorts revealed 485 differentially expressed genes in advanced NONFH patients compared to healthy controls. A drug target-disease gene interaction network was constructed to identify candidate BZF targets involved in NONFH pathogenesis. In vivo experiments were conducted to validate the effects of BZF in a rat model of advanced NONFH. Results: Network analysis identified key pathways associated with blood circulation obstruction, immune-inflammatory imbalance, and abnormal bone metabolism. Protein kinase C alpha (PKCA), Ras proto-oncogene (RAS), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(ERK), ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) formed a signaling axis implicated in NONFH pathogenesis. BZF treatment alleviated joint inflammation, preserved trabecular bone morphology, reduced bone loss, and promoted bone repair. Mechanistically, BZF significantly downregulated the expression of PKCA, RAS, ERK, ETS1, and RANKL, improved blood circulation, and inhibited osteoclast activation while promoting osteoblast activation. Conclusion: BZF may promote bone repair in advanced NONFH by enhancing blood circulation and modulating the PKC-RAS-ERK-ETS1-RANKL signaling axis, thereby reversing dysregulated bone metabolism.

Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture at"Weizhong"on angiogenesis of chronic blunt injury of lumbar muscle in rats;To explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic lumbar skeletal muscle injury based on PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway.Methods A total of 24 SD male rats were established chronic blunt injury of lumbar muscle model,and were randomly divided into model group,Weizhong group and non-acupoint group,with 8 rats in each group.Another 8 rats of the same age were selected as the blank group.In the Weizhong group,acupuncture intervention was performed on both sides of"Weizhong",while in the non-acupoint group,acupuncture intervention was performed on both sides of"Weizhong"inwardly by 0.5 cm,once a day for 20 minutes each time,for 2 consecutive weeks.The blank group and model group adopted the same grasping fixed posture without any intervention.The body mass and limb grip strength of each group were measured,the lumbar muscle tissue morphology was observed by HE staining,the content of NO in lumbar muscle tissue was detected by ELISA,the expression of VEGF in lumbar muscle tissue was observed by immunofluorescence,the expression of PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway protein in lumbar muscle tissue was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the blank group,body mass and limb grip strength of model group decreased(P<0.01),cell structure of waist skeletal muscle was loosely arranged,red blood cells and nuclear exudation were observed,NO content and positive expression of VEGF in lumbar muscle tissue decreased(P<0.01),and the protein expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and HIF-1α in lumbar muscle tissue were down-regulated(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body mass and limb grip strength of rats in Weizhong group increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the arrangement of skeletal muscle cells in the waist was more compact and orderly,and the content of NO and positive expression of VEGF in lumbar muscle tissue were increased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and HIF-1α in lumbar muscle tissue were up-regulated(P<0.01).The effects of Weizhong group was better than those in non-acupoint group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture at"Weizhong"can effectively promote the repair of chronic blunt injury of lumbar muscle in rats.The mechanism may be related to activating the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway to regulate angiogenesis and improve vascular injury.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

AIM:Hepatotoxicity of Brucea javani-ca picryl with broad-spectrum anticancer effect in nude mice based on hepatic drug metabolizing en-zyme CYP450 activity.METHODS:Fifty-six nude mice were randomly divided into blank group,Bru-cea javanica low-dose group(2 mg/kg),Brucea ja-vanica high-dose group(4 mg/kg),and cisplatin group(2 mg/kg),with 14 mice in each group.The blank group was injected with the same amount of normal saline every 3 days for 6 weeks.Calculate the mortality rate of nude mice in each group,ob-serve the general growth state of nude mice,re-cord the weight change of nude mice before and af-ter administration,weigh and record the liver weight after taking materials,and calculate the liv-er coefficient(liver weight/weight mass×100％),ob-serve and record the liver color and morphology.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to ob-serve the pathological changes of liver tissue.De-tection of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspar-tate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and albumin(ALB)levels in serum of nude mice by ELISA.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6 and CYP2C9,which were key enzymes of drug metabolism in nude mice liver.RESULTS:Compared with the blank group,the mortality rate of nude mice in the low-dose Brucea javanica bitter alcohol group was 0,the growth state was good,the diet,movement,and mental state were normal,the weight change and liver coefficient ratio were consistent,the liver color was ruddy,the liver lobule morphology was complete under the microscope,the structure was clear,the liver cells were arranged regularly,and there was no inflammatory cell infiltration.There was no significant difference in the content of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB.There was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6,and CYP2C9(all P＞0.05).Compared with the blank group,the mortality rate of nude mice in the high-dose group of Brucea javanica bitter alcohol was 14.3％,the growth state was slightly poor,the diet,movement,and mental state were reduced,the weight growth was slow,the liver coefficient ratio was increased,the liver color was reddish brown,some liver lobule boundaries were unclear,a small number of liver cells were loosely arranged,the contents of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB were signif-icantly increased,the mRNA levels of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6,and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced,and the protein expres-sions of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP1A2,and CYP2D6 were significantly reduced(all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but there was no statistical difference in the mRNA and protein expression of CYP2C19,and the pro-tein expression of CYP2C9(P＞0.05).Compared with the blank group,the mortality rate of nude mice in the cisplatin group was 35.7％,the growth state was poor,the diet,action,and mental state were low,the weight gain was less,the liver coefficient ratio was significantly increased,the liver color was dark red,the liver sinusoids and central veins were congested,the hepatocytes were disordered,the nuclei were consolidated and contracted,and the arrangement was loose,the contents of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB were significantly increased,and the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP2E1,CYP3A11,CYP2C19,CYP1A2,CYP2D6,and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced(all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The dose of Brucea javanica bitter alcohol is correlated with hepatotoxicity to nude mice.High doses of Brucea javanica bitter alcohol have hepatotoxicity to nude mice,which may be re-lated to reducing serum levels of ALT,AST,LDH,AKP,and ALB,inhibiting the expression of multiple subtypes of enzymes in the key enzyme CYP450 of liver drug metabolism,and then reducing the me-tabolism of toxic substances.

The minor purchasing process and mode of some hospital were introduced,and the implementation of the hospital's minor purchasing projects in the past year was analyzed.The causes for high failure rate of purchasing were pointed out including long interval between project creation and procurement,unreasonable demand presentation,insufficient demand demonstration and lack of active participation of suppliers.Some suggestions were put forward such as timely adjustment of demands,strengthening of demand demonstration,improvement of supplier motivation and enhancement of procurement process management,which were of great significance for increasing the success rate of minor purchasing of the hospital.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):91-95]

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal diseases.In DN patients,key pathological mechanisms include proteinuria,glomerulo-sclerosis,and fibrosis,largely driven by poor glycemic control and oxidative stress caused by prolonged hyperglycemia.This stress damages renal podocytes and triggers inflammatory mesenchymal infiltration of renal tubular cells,exacerbating the progression of proteinuria and fibrosis.Human umbilical cord-de-rived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)offer promising potential for treating DN due to their strong anti-oxidative properties.In this study,we developed a DN mouse model and treated the mouse via tail vein injections of hUC-MSCs(1×106 cells/mouse).The results indicated that hUC-MSCs significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels(22.5±3.0 vs 14.7±1.1,P＜0.01)and improved glucose toler-ance,as shown by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT)results(P＜0.05).Additionally,the renal function improved in hUC-MSCs-treated mice,with marked reductions in oxidative stress markers,including blood urea nitrogen(BUN),urinary creatinine(Ucr),urinary protein(PRO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)(P＜0.05).Histological analyses through hematoxy-lin-eosin(H&E),Periodic Acid-Schiff(PAS),and Sirius red staining demonstrated alleviation of glo-merular mesangial hyperplasia,glomerular hypertrophy,and tubular inflammation.Furthermore,hUC-MSCs treatment downregulated the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins,such as NADPH oxi-dase 4(NOX4)and thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP),and reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)production(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,human renal cortical proximal tubule epithelial cells(HK-2 cells)were selected for validation in vitro experiments using high glucose treatment followed by super-natants of hUC-MSCs(MSC-CM),and Western blotting showed that the expression of both NOX4 and TXNIP was inhibited(P＜0.05)and ROS expression was reduced.In conclusion,hUC-MSC treatment effectively lowered blood glucose levels and improved renal function in DN mice,likely through the sup-pression of NOX4 expression and TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on the prognosis of patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in the era of widespread application of MRI.Methods:Clinical data were collected from an open-lable prospective clinical trial on thoracic radiotherapy target volumes for limited-stage SCLC conducted in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between June 2002 and January 2017. In this study, patients who achieved complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were retrospectively analyzed. Stratified analysis was performed according to different clinical efficacies. Patients were divided into different groups according to whether PCI was conducted or not. Survival analysis of patients was carried out. Survival data were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards model was applied for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results:Among 309 patients with limited-stage SCLC who received CRT, 133 patients achieved CR and 140 cases obtained PR. These 273 patients were enrolled in this study. Among 133 patients with CR, 29 of them did not receive PCI, and 89 (85.6%) of the remaining 104 patients receiving PCI underwent brain MRI to exclude brain metastasis (BM) before PCI. With a median follow-up time of 22.1 months, the cumulative BM rates were 18.3% and 37.9% in patients who received or did not receive PCI ( P=0.020). The median overall survival (OS) was 30.2 and 30.5 months, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates were 93.3%, 41.9%, 27.7% and 82.8%, 44.8%, 40.8%, respectively ( P=0.910). Multivariate analysis indicated that baseline Karnofsky performance status (KPS) = 90 was a favorable independent prognostic factor for OS in CR patients ( HR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98, P=0.006). Among 140 patients achieving PR, 52 cases did not receive PCI and 80 (90.9%) of the remaining 88 patients received brain MRI before PCI. With a median follow-up time of 18.9 months, the cumulative BM rates were 10.2% and 44.2% ( P<0.001). The median OS was 26.0 and 18.0 months, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 86.4%, 37.9%, 32.2% and 75.0%, 17.3%, 10.8%, respectively ( P=0.001). Baseline KPS = 90 ( HR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.97, P=0.001) and PCI ( HR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.80, P=0.002) were favorable prognostic factors for OS in PR patients. Conclusions:PCI significantly reduces the incidence of BM and prolongs the OS in patients with limited-stage SCLC who achieve PR after CRT, but it fails to significantly prolong the OS of CR patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of women with abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB)in sub-plateau regions and analyze the factors affecting their treatment methods.Methods AUB patients who were hospitalized from Jan 1,2018 to Dec 31,2022,in a sub-plateau region(Yongping County People's Hospital of Yunnan Province)with an average altitude of 1 620 meters were selected.The general clinical characteristics of the patients were summarized,and patients were classified into two categories(with or without uterine structural lesion)and nine subtypes(PALM-COEIN)according to the FIGO recommended etiological classification guidelines.Then the patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of uterine structural lesions,ethnic group(Han and minority),conservative drug treatment and surgical treatment groups,blood transfusion and non-blood transfusion groups.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting treatment methods.Results A total of 481 AUB patients enrolled,and the delayed consultation rate was as high as 80.46%,and the proportion of overweight and obese patients was 49.90%,which was higher than the average level among Chinese women.The main cause was AUB-O(AUB-ovulatory dysfunction),accounting for 78.59%of cases,the proportion of patients with delayed medical treatment was higher than those without delayed medical treatment(82.17%vs.74.47%).Patients who received blood transfusion were significantly younger,had lower hemoglobin(HGB)levels,fewer pregnancies,and lower BMI compared to those in the non-blood transfusion group(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the surgical treatment group had older age,longer onset time,higher HGB levels,more pregnancies and deliveries,higher BMI,a higher proportion of Han ethnicity patients,lower rates of non-blood transfusion,higher rates of hypertension,and more uterine structural lesions compared to the conservative drug treatment group.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that blood transfusion treatment reduced the probability of surgical treatment.Age and uterine structural lesions were risk factors for requiring surgical treatment,for each additional year of age,the risk of undergoing surgical treatment increased by 10%.The risk of requiring surgical treatment for patients with uterine structural lesions was 2.987 times higher than for those without.Conclusion AUB patients in this sub-plateau regions have a high rate of delayed consultation and a high proportion of overweight and obesity,with AUB-O being the primary cause.Older age and the presence of uterine structural lesions were risk factors for requiring surgical treatment.