OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects and mechanism of imperatorin on cachexia model mice. METHODS Fifteen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into blank control group， model group and imperatorin group， with 5 mice in each group. Except for blank control group， the remaining mice were inoculated with LLC cell suspension subcutaneously on the dorsal surface， and the drug was administered by gavage daily from the 7th day of inoculation. The imperatorin group was gavaged with imperatorin suspension （0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution as solvent） at 60 mg/kg； blank control group and model group were given an equal volume of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution， for 13 d of continuous administration. During the administration period， food intake and body mass of mice were recorded daily and regularly， tumor long and short diameters were measured every two days， and tumor volume was calculated. The skeletal muscle mass and tumor mass of each group were weighed and the tumor-free body weight was calculated； the pathological changes of skeletal muscle were observed and the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fibers was calculated； the phosphorylation levels of signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） （measured as p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio）， muscle atrophy box F gene （MAFbx）， myostatin （Myog）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， Caspase3 protein and mRNA expression were all detected. RESULTS Compared with blank control group， body mass and skeletal muscle mass of model group were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， and reduced food intake， loose arrangement of skeletal muscle， large cell space were observed； the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fiber was significantly reduced， while p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio， protein and mRNA expressions of MAFbx， Bax and Caspase3 were somo_amour@163.com increased significantly （P＜0.05）. The protein and mRNA expressions of Myog and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with model group， body weight， tumor-free weight and skeletal muscle weight were increased significantly in imperatorin group （P＜0.05）； food intake increased， while the expressions of tumor weight and volume were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the expressions of above proteins and genes were improved significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Imperatorin can improve the tumor cachexia state， the mechanism of which may be related to the regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and anti-apoptosis.

Objective : To study the neuropathological changes and process brain astrocyte microglia and neuron injury in rats at different time after mild blast-related traumatic brain injury(bTBI), and to investigate the neuroprotective potential of dietary supplementation with fish oil on mild bTBI rats. Methods : 54 newly weaned SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=18), model group(n=18) and treatment group(n=18). The model group and treatment group were fed with ordinary diet and oil-rich diet for 33 days to establish the mild bTBI model by shock wave, respectively. The control group rats were fed with ordinary diet without shock wave injury. Results : Compared with control group, the weight of rats in the model group and treatment group decreased to a certain extent within 2 days after injury, and then recovered to the level before injury. After bTBI injury for 6 h, 24 h and 3 d, the number of GFAP positive staining astrocytes and vertebral cells in hippocampal area decreased in both model group and treatment group, whereas the number of activated microglia and apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus increased in a time-dependent manner in model group and treatment group. In addition, compared with the model group, the treatment group with oil-rich diet increased the number of astrocytes and pyramidal cells in the hippocampus after injury, and decreased the number of activated microglia and apoptotic neurons in the lesions area. Conclusion Pre-injury dietary supplementation with fish oil shows neuroprotective benefits in alleviating neurons injury and inhibiting neuroinflammatory response in a rat model of mild bTBI.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of the X-ray guided obstructive double J tube replacement in ureter.Methods:The clinical data of 44 patients with double J tube obstruction who underwent double J tube replacement from April 2016 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 44 cases, there were 3 males and 41 females, aged from 27.0 to 70.0 (54.6±11.2) years. The time since last double J tube placement, the method of transurethral remove of double J tube, the method of double J tube replacement, the location of double J tube obstruction and postoperative complications were collected, and the success rate of operation was calculated. According to the different positions of calcium salt deposition in double J tubes, the obstructive double J tubes were divided into bladder end type, renal pelvis end type, two-end type and whole partial type. The replacement method was differentiated according to different types of double J tube obstruction. The cut-off end method was to cut off the obstructed bladder end of double J tube by scissors, and the internal unobstructed double J tube could be seen. The guide wire could be introduced into the renal pelvis through the double J tube, and the new double J tube could be replaced. This method was only used for bladder end type double J tube obstruction. The thine guide wire method was to replace the common guide wire which could not pass through the renal pelvis end obstruction with the microguide wire, so that it could pass through the end of the double J tube of the renal pelvis end obstruction or through the side hole, enter into the renal pelvis, withdraw the original double J tube, and then replace the new double J tube. This method was suitable for renal pelvis end type double J tube obstruction, or combined with cut-off end method for two-end type double J tube obstruction. In the auxiliary sheath method, the obstructed double J tube was used as the support, the vascular sheath tube was sent into the ureter, and the guide wire was sent to the renal pelvis through the sheath tube to replace the new double J tube. This method was suitable for all types of double J tube obstruction.Results:A total of 47 X-ray-guided double J tube replacements were performed in 44 patients. In the removal of double J tube, 37 cases of direct method and 10 cases of indirect method were used, and the overall success rate of double J tube removal was 100% (47/47). The time from the last double J tube placement was (4.2±1.3) months. There were 23 cases of bladder end type obstruction, 8 cases of renal pelvis end obstruction, 5 cases of two-end type obstruction, and 11 cases of whole partial type obstruction.The success rate of replacing double J tubes by cut-off end method, thin guide wire method and auxiliary sheath method was 76.0% (19/25), 50.0% (2/4) and 77.8% (14/18), respectively. After the failure of the cut-off end method or the thin guide wire method, 4 cases were further replaced by the thin guide wire method or auxiliary sheath method, and 3 cases were successful. Therefore, the overall success rate of double J tube replacement was 80.9% (38/47). The double J tubes were inserted by percutanous pyelostomy in 9 patients who failed to replace double J tube successfully. Among the 44 cases, there were 4 cases of urethral orifice pain and discomfort, and 2 cases of gross hematuria, all of which relieved spontaneously.Conclusion:It is feasible and safe to replace the obstructive double J tube in ureter under X-ray guidance.

Objective To observe the outcomes of seizure control by three different surgical approaches,hippocampal transection,anterior temporal lobectomy and selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy,for the treatment of intractable medial temporal epilepsy,and explore their influences in the impairments of cognitive and memorial functions.Methods Twenty-nine patients with intractable medial temporal epilepsy,admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to October 2015,were chosen in our study;8 patients accepted hippocampal transection,10 accepted anterior temporal lobectomy and 11 accepted selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy.Seizure controls after treatment with these 3 approaches were compared and results of neuropsychological examinations (verbal intelligence quotient [VIQ],performance intelligence quotient [PIQ],full intelligence quotient [FIQ] and memory quotient [MQ]) were compared before and after operation.Results The effective rates of seizure controls were all higher than 80％ and seizure free rate was about 60％ in the 3 groups;Engel grading showed no significant differences among the three groups (P＞0.05).Results of all the neuropsychological examinations in the hippocampal transection group before and after operation had no significant differences (P＞0.05);however,all results in the anterior temporal lobectomy group after operation were significantly declined as compared with those before operation (P＜0.05);and PIQ,FIQ and MQ scores in the selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy group after operation were significantly lower as compared with those before operation (P＜0.05).Conclusions Hippocampal transection will not cause significant damage in intelligence and memory functions.As compared with both anterior temporal lobectomy and selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy,hippocampal transection can have good seizure control and preserve memory function.

Objective: To observe influence of enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet (EFA) on blood pressure and blood glucose levels in patients with H-type hypertension (HTH) complicated diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: According to random number table, a total of 300 HTH + DM patients were equally divided into enalapril group, amlodipine group and EFA group.Levels of blood pressure, plasma homocysteine (Hcy), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2h postprandial glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin (FINS), 2h postprandial insulin (2hPINS) were measured and compared among three groups before, and one, 12 and 24 months after treatment.All patients were followed up for two years, incidence rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were compared among three groups.Results: Compared with enalapril group and amlodipine group on 24 months after treatment, there were significant reductions in levels of SBP[(134.65±7.25) mmHg, (136.00±8.62) mmHg vs.(128.62±5.00) mmHg], DBP[(84.79±4.26) mmHg, (88.47±7.25) mmHg vs.(74.29±5.06) mmHg], plasma Hcy[(11.18±5.21)μmol/L , (30.29±5.62)μmol/L vs.(9.72±2.47)μmol/L], CIMT[(1.30±0.19) mm, (1.46±0.37) mm vs.(0.95±0.38) mm], 2hPG[(12.50±1.70)mmol/L, (12.90±1.90)mmol/L vs.(9.50±1.00)mmol/L]and 2hPINS[(71.38±17.63)μU/ml, (78.42±21.49)μU/ml vs.(61.28±18.14)μU/ml], P<0.05 or <0.01.After two-year follow-up, compared with enalapril group and amlodipine group on 24 months after treatment, there was significant reductions in incidence rates of cerebrovascular events (11%, 23% vs.0) and cardiovascular events (2%, 11% vs.0) in EFA group, P<0.01 all.Conclusion: EFA tablets can significantly reduce blood pressure, blood glucose and Hcy level and effectively delay atherosclerosis progression in HTH+DM patients,its safety is good, which is worth extending.

Objective To explore the current training programs for preventive medicine undergrad-uates in China's colleges and universities, so as to provide more clues for further optimizing the training program. Methods Twelve colleges and universities were selected in accordance with the stratification of 985, 211 and general colleges and universities and their training programs for preventive medicine under-graduates were collected in February, 2016. By comparing with the requirements of "The directory and introduction of undergraduate courses in colleges and universities (2012)" and the spirit of the second round of "undergraduate teaching evaluation of higher education institutions", training programs were described; t test and multivariate analysis of variance were used to compare differences among different levels of colleges and universities;SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical processing. Results In some colleges and universities, training programs were still not concrete and the setting of three common core courses (Health Education, Health Service Management and Women's Health Science) did not meet the require-ments of the new directory of 2012. All selected colleges and universities had established their standards of the minimum curricular credits ( including course system and internship practical training ) which were(245.33±27.01) credits. In course system, the required course and the elective course were (176.25±18.46) credits, (26.62±12.68) credits, respectively. The percentage of preventive medicine in required courses was relatively lower, only (21.99 ±3.50)％. In internship and practical training, the clinical practice and the specialty practice were (20.00 ±5.13) weeks, (27.33 ±7.78) weeks, taking (16.46 ±7.75) credits, (23.50 ± 9.86) credits, respectively. No differences were found in courses setting, credits distribution among 985, 211 and general universities and colleges, all P>0.05. Conclusion There still exist problems: training pro-grams are not concrete and the training system cannot fully reflect training objectives in some colleges and universities, needing to be further standardized and improved.

There are some shortcomings of animal experiments applied in chemical toxicity testing, such as long period, large cost, species differences and dose differences, which limit the use of animal experiments' results in predicting human toxicity.Accordingly, we established a toxicity testing alternative screening system in line with the toxicity endpoints which required in chemical safety evaluation and risk assessment (genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, acute toxicity and general toxicity) based on 3R principles (replacement, reduction, refinement) for animal experiments.This system covers most of the endpoints of toxicity assessment, and molecular biology technology was also applied to integrate the toxicity test, as well as some operation was optimized in order to shorten the experimental period, reduce experimental costs, improve animal welfare.Furthermore, the results from the screening system have higher clinical relevance because it is based on the toxicity mechanisms.

In view of the characteristics of the computerized system,the key points in the quality assurance (QA) of the computerized system was discussed and summarized combined with the requirements of the GLP laboratory in Europe and America.The validation of computerized system,the control during the use of computerized system,period maintenance and safety protection of computerized system,archives of electronic data was discussed,expecting to provide reference for the management of computerized system in Chinese GLP laboratory which is generally not high currently.The experiences were obtained as follow:Through repeated inspection and review,the problem was found and set as the risk point;a targeted QA inspection plan was made focusing on the risk-based inspection and the QA inspection plan was timely adjusted according to the problems,which ensures the pertinence and validity of the QA inspection.

Objective To verify the effectiveness and safety of domestic neurosurgery medical robot Remebot for the biopsy of intracranial lesions.Methods Thirteen patients with intracranial lesions having comparatively difficulty in diagnosis in our hospital from January 2016 to May 2016 were randomly selected to robot operation group (n=6) and frame stereotactic group (n=7).In the robot operation group,four marks were pasted to the patient's head for the stereotaxy without frame,while in the frame stereotactic group,the frame should be fixed to the patient's head for the operation.The targets were set at the central of the lesions and the biopsies were performed through targets to the whole lesions.The specimens were sent for pathologic examinations with immunohistochemical staining.Results The confirmed diagnostic rate of robot operation group was 6/6:glioblastoma multiforme in 3,oligodendroglioma in one,non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in one and focal cortical dysplasia in one;the confirmed diagnostic rate of the frame stereotactic group was 6/7:glioblastoma multiforme in 2,grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ astrocytoma in 2,follicular thyroid carcinoma in one and cerebellum ganglion glioma in one,and the one without confirmed diagnosis was intracranial multiple cystic lesion.The positional accuracy in the robot operation group was 1.48±0.62 (accuracy error:0.66-2.47 mm) and that in the frame stereotactic group was 1.06±0.49 (accuracy error:0.50 mm-l.90 mm).Conclusions The domestic neurosuregery medical robot Remebot is characteristic by minimal invasive and high positional accuracy.It is quite suitable for frameless stereotactic intracranial lesion biopsy.The surgical planning could be made according to the shape of lesions and the positional accuracy is reached to the requirement of biopsy.Since the procedure of operation could be performed without fixing the frame on patients' head,the pain and fear of patients are reduced in a great deal and the operation is quite easy to be performed.Thus,it's more suitable for the biopsy ofintracranial lesions.

Microbiome is a novel research field related to human health,agriculture,bio-energy and the environment. Gut microbiome has received much attention from researchers recently. Studies have shown that gut flora is related to some diseases,such as digestive disease(inflammatory bowel disease),metabolic disease(type 2 diabetes), cardie-cerebral vascular disease(Parkinson disease). Traditional Chinese materia medica(TCMM) has long been used as a tonic and taken in a large amount. Gut flora has an effect on pharmacology and toxicology of TCMM after entering the gastroin?testinal tract. This article is intended to review recent researches on microbiome,common detection techniques and the relationship with hepatotoxicity induced by Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.,scutel?laria baicalensis that directly affects the intestinal tract,nephrotoxicity induced by Rhizoma Alismatis and pneumonia induced by Xiao-Chaihu-Tang.