Objective To review the research progress of epidemiology , risk factors and prevention of low back pain in military pilots at home and abroad. Literature resource and selection The articles ,monographs and case reports related to low back pain (LBP) of military pilots published at home and abroad were searched and analyzed. Literature quotation Fifty-six references were cited. Literature synthesis LBP was one of the most prevalent symptoms in military pilots.By reviewing the domestic and foreign published literatures ,we founded that fighter ,helicopter and transporter pilots experienced LBP with different occurrence rates.Pilot′s LBP would affect the manipulation ,decrease mission completion quality and combat capability ,and influence flight safety. The imagining analysis showed that pilot′s LBP had varying degree of correlation with lumber disc herniation (LDH ) ,mainly at L4-5and L5-S1.LDH was a main reason of pilots′ medical grounding. Literature review revealed that age ,obesity ,positive acceleration exposure (+ Gz) ,vibration and flying hours were the main risk factors of LBP.The restrain of the influences of risk factors and active protection were the effective methods to reduce the occurrence of LBP.Such measures as applying stricter selection criteria and lumber support device ,and strengthening the lumber muscle exercise could prevent and relief LBP effectively. Conclusions LBP is the disease that caused by the combination of pilot′s own and external factors.It is helpful to enhance pilot′s performance ,reduce flight accident and improve combat capacity by correctly understanding the occurrence mechanism and risk factors of LBP and taking active protections.

Objective To review the research progress of epidemiology , risk factors and prevention of low back pain in military pilots at home and abroad. Literature resource and selection The articles ,monographs and case reports related to low back pain (LBP) of military pilots published at home and abroad were searched and analyzed. Literature quotation Fifty-six references were cited. Literature synthesis LBP was one of the most prevalent symptoms in military pilots.By reviewing the domestic and foreign published literatures ,we founded that fighter ,helicopter and transporter pilots experienced LBP with different occurrence rates.Pilot′s LBP would affect the manipulation ,decrease mission completion quality and combat capability ,and influence flight safety. The imagining analysis showed that pilot′s LBP had varying degree of correlation with lumber disc herniation (LDH ) ,mainly at L4-5and L5-S1.LDH was a main reason of pilots′ medical grounding. Literature review revealed that age ,obesity ,positive acceleration exposure (+ Gz) ,vibration and flying hours were the main risk factors of LBP.The restrain of the influences of risk factors and active protection were the effective methods to reduce the occurrence of LBP.Such measures as applying stricter selection criteria and lumber support device ,and strengthening the lumber muscle exercise could prevent and relief LBP effectively. Conclusions LBP is the disease that caused by the combination of pilot′s own and external factors.It is helpful to enhance pilot′s performance ,reduce flight accident and improve combat capacity by correctly understanding the occurrence mechanism and risk factors of LBP and taking active protections.

Objective To discuss the function of respiratory exerciser tri‐ball in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) .Methods Prospectie case‐control study was used in COPD patients ,the patients were randomly divided into three groups ,60 COPD patients (group A) using respiratory exerciser TRI‐BALL ,58 COPD patients (group B) using traditional pursed lips ventral breathing training ,and 58 COPD patients(group C) using general internal medicine treatment .Results Group A :compared with before breath training ,the increases of FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) and MVV/MVV predicted (% ) and the decrease of quality of life score (QOL) were statistically significant after breath training (P<0 .01) ,but not for FEV1/FVC(% )(P>0 .05) .Group B :compared with before breath training ,the decrease of QOL was statistically significant (P<0 .01) ,but not for FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) ,MVV/MVV predicted (% ) and FEV1/FVC (% )(P>0 .05) .Compared with control group after breath training ,the increases of FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) and MVV/MVV predicted (% ) and the decrease of quality of life score (QOL) were statistically significant in group A (P<0 .01) .Compared with control group after breath training , the decrease of quality of life score (QOL) were statistically significant in group B (P<0 .01) ,but not for FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) and MVV/MVV predicted (% ) (P>0 .05) .Compared the changes of pulmonary function test(PFT) index and QOL between group A and B ,the increments of FEV1/FEV1 predicted (% ) and MVV/MVV predicted (% ) were statistically significant in group A(P<0 .01) ,but not for QOL(P>0 .05) .Conclusion It is useful to improve the pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with COPD using respiratory exerciser tri‐ball .It is more effective than traditional pursed lips ventral breathing training ,due to the equipment is very small ,cheap ,easy to quantify training and convenient for household use ,it is worth to be popularized in primary hospital .