OBJECTIVE:A great deal of evidence indicates that regular exercise can improve the health status of elderly individuals,including reducing overall and abdominal fat levels,increasing muscle mass and bone mineral density of the limbs,thereby preventing or delaying the onset of sarcopenia and its comorbidities.This study aims to determine the most reliable type,duration,and intensity of exercise interventions through meta-analysis to prevent,delay,and alleviate sarcopenia and its comorbidities in elderly individuals.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of exercise interventions on elderly individuals with sarcopenia and its comorbidities were searched in the PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,and WanFang databases.The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies,and RevMan 5.3 software was employed for meta-analysis.Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the effects of different exercise intervention protocols on various outcome measures.In addition,Stata 16.0 software was used to perform sensitivity analysis to assess the stability of the results,and funnel plots and Egger's test were employed to evaluate publication bias,ensuring the comprehensiveness and reliability of the results.RESULTS:(1)Sixteen studies involving 861 patients with sarcopenia and its comorbidities were included.(2)The meta-analysis results indicated that,compared with the control group,exercise significantly improved grip strength,knee muscle strength,appendicular skeletal muscle mass,skeletal muscle index,Timed Up and Go test results,gait speed,and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels(P＜0.05).However,the effect of exercise intervention on the sit-to-stand test was not significantly improved(P＞0.05).(3)Based on the results of subgroup analysis,it is recommended that elderly patients with sarcopenia and its comorbidities engage in exercise at least three times per week,with each session lasting no more than 30 minutes or exceeding 45 minutes,for at least 12 weeks.The exercise protocol should be flexibly adjusted according to the patient's health status and individual needs.CONCLUSION:Exercise interventions significantly improve muscle mass,muscle strength,physical function,and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in elderly individuals with sarcopenia and its comorbidities,thereby enhancing their quality of life.However,further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize specific intervention protocols.

OBJECTIVE:A great deal of evidence indicates that regular exercise can improve the health status of elderly individuals,including reducing overall and abdominal fat levels,increasing muscle mass and bone mineral density of the limbs,thereby preventing or delaying the onset of sarcopenia and its comorbidities.This study aims to determine the most reliable type,duration,and intensity of exercise interventions through meta-analysis to prevent,delay,and alleviate sarcopenia and its comorbidities in elderly individuals.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of exercise interventions on elderly individuals with sarcopenia and its comorbidities were searched in the PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,and WanFang databases.The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies,and RevMan 5.3 software was employed for meta-analysis.Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the effects of different exercise intervention protocols on various outcome measures.In addition,Stata 16.0 software was used to perform sensitivity analysis to assess the stability of the results,and funnel plots and Egger's test were employed to evaluate publication bias,ensuring the comprehensiveness and reliability of the results.RESULTS:(1)Sixteen studies involving 861 patients with sarcopenia and its comorbidities were included.(2)The meta-analysis results indicated that,compared with the control group,exercise significantly improved grip strength,knee muscle strength,appendicular skeletal muscle mass,skeletal muscle index,Timed Up and Go test results,gait speed,and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels(P＜0.05).However,the effect of exercise intervention on the sit-to-stand test was not significantly improved(P＞0.05).(3)Based on the results of subgroup analysis,it is recommended that elderly patients with sarcopenia and its comorbidities engage in exercise at least three times per week,with each session lasting no more than 30 minutes or exceeding 45 minutes,for at least 12 weeks.The exercise protocol should be flexibly adjusted according to the patient's health status and individual needs.CONCLUSION:Exercise interventions significantly improve muscle mass,muscle strength,physical function,and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in elderly individuals with sarcopenia and its comorbidities,thereby enhancing their quality of life.However,further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize specific intervention protocols.

With the rising incidence of colon cancer, several studies have indicated that aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression is associated with the development of colon cancer. This study aims to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms between them. Methods: We screened data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and retrospectively examined AQP1 protein expression in 127 colon cancer patients to analyze the relationship between AQP1 expression and pathological stages, prognosis. We created stable colon cancer cell lines with differential AQP1 expression, the effect of AQP1 expression on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells was assessed by in vitro and in vivo studies, and explored potential molecular mechanisms through Western blotting. Results: High AQP1 expression was associated with poorer survival (overall survival [OS], p = .028) in colon cancer patients from the TCGA database. Similarly, retrospective clinical data indicated that high AQP1 expression was associated with reduced disease-free survival and OS (p = .036 and p = .017, respectively). The low-expressing AQP1 colon cancer cells exhibited a decrease in proliferation and migration ability of colon cancer cells compared to the overexpressing AQP1 group (p < .05) in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting experiments validated heightened expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and claudin- 1 in the tumor tissues of the overexpressing AQP1 group. Conversely, reduced AQP1 expression resulted in decreased expression of claudin- 1. Conclusions: AQP1 correlates with unfavorable prognosis in colon cancer and potentially enhances the proliferation and migration of colon cancer by up-regulating claudin-1 expression.

Objectives: . This study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neural circuits from the inferior colliculus (IC) to the medial geniculate body (MGB) in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Methods: . Mice were treated with salicylate to induce tinnitus, and tinnitus-like behaviors were evaluated via gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Using combined viral tracing methodologies, we identified and mapped the pathways and connections from the IC to the MGB. Furthermore, we employed Gq-coupled human M3 designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) and Gi-coupled human M4 DREADDs to achieve targeted excitation or suppression of GABAergic neurons in the IC and MGB. Following the administration of clozapine N-oxide, which binds to these receptors, we modulated these neural circuits to assess their impact on tinnitus severity in a mouse model. Results: . Our findings demonstrated that mice exposed to salicylate exhibited tinnitus-like behaviors. GABAergic neurons projecting retrogradely from the MGB to the IC were primarily concentrated in the external nucleus of the IC. After clozapine N-oxide administration, chemogenetic activation of IC-MGB GABAergic neurons aggravated salicylate-induced tinnitus. Additionally, activation of GABAergic neurons between the IC and MGB induced the perception of tinnitus even without salicylate. However, chemogenetic inhibition of the IC-MGB GABAergic circuit did not reverse salicylate-induced tinnitus. Conclusion . These findings suggest that activation of the IC-MGB GABAergic neural circuit may contribute to tinnitus generation through a mechanism distinct from that of salicylate-induced tinnitus. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying tinnitus.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of blue laser vaporization in the treatment of large-volume (＞80 mL) benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 149 BPH patients with prostate volume＞80 mL who underwent blue laser vaporization at our hospital during Aug. 2023 and Aug. 2025. The 1-month postoperative maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and international prostate symptom score (IPSS), operation time, postoperative hemoglobin drop, bladder irrigation volume, catheter indwelling time, and incidence of postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed. Results All operations were successfully completed, without conversion to other approaches. The operation time was (41.47±11.05) minutes, postoperative hemoglobin drop (2.78±1.19) g/L, bladder irrigation volume (9.97±1.49) bags, and catheter indwelling time (3.30±1.85) days. One month after surgery, the Qmax was significantly higher than the preoperative value [(20.19±3.39) mL/s vs. (2.39±2.17) mL/s], while the IPSS was significantly lower [(4.46±0.87) vs. (27.69±2.06)], with statistically significant differences (P＜0.001). Postoperative complications included 1 case of incontinence (0.67%), 2 cases of urethral stricture/bladder neck contracture (1.34%), and 1 case of secondary bleeding (0.67%), all of which improved with symptomatic treatment. Conclusion Blue laser vaporization is effective for treating large-volume BPH, with advantages such as minimal bleeding risk, short operation time, fast recovery and safety.

Objective: To analyze the serological phenotypes and molecular genetic characteristics of a proband with ABO forward and reverse typing discrepancy and their family members, and to investigate the molecular genetic mechanism underlying the Ael/AelB phenotype caused by the c. 575T>C variant on an ABO A1.02 background. Methods: Serological testing and adsorption-elution assays were performed for blood group identification of the proband and family members. PCR-SBT, cloning sequencing, and Nanopore third-generation sequencing were used to analyze ABO gene variants and haplotypes. Phyre2 and PyMOL were used to predict the effect of the p. Ile192Thr variant on the structure of glycosyltransferase A (GTA), and plasma GTA activity was evaluated using an in vitro transferase assay. Results: Among thirteen family members, four members showed a serological phenotype consistent with the Ael subtype and one with the AelB subtype. Cloning sequencing and third-generation sequencing confirmed that five family members carried the ABO A1.02 (c. 575T>C) variant, which co-segregated with the weak A phenotype in the family. Structural modeling suggested that p. Ile192Thr may alter the local spatial conformation and hydrogen-bond interactions of GTA. Plasma GTA activity testing showed markedly reduced GTA activity in the tested individuals. Conclusion: The ABO A1.02 (c. 575T>C) variant is associated with the Ael/AelB phenotype. The p. Ile192Thr substitution may weaken A antigen expression by altering GTA conformation and reducing enzymatic activity. This study provides additional evidence for the role of this variant in the Ael/AelB phenotype from the perspectives of familial inheritance, full-length haplotype analysis, and functional assessment, which is important for accurate ABO subtype identification and individualized transfusion strategies.

Objective To introduce the calculation of the DISO index in multi-dimensional data ranking for disease surveillance, and evaluate its applicability. Methods Using the data from the quality supervision and inspection of infectious disease reporting in Jingzhou City in a certain year as an example, the DISO index was used to rank 16 investigated medical institutions and compared with the TOPSIS method. The consistency between the two evaluation results was analyzed using Spearman correlation. Then, The DISO index from different medical institutions was used to evaluate the ranking of 8 counties (cities, districts). The evaluation indicators for the supervision and inspection included six items: report rate, timely report rate, completeness of report card filling, accuracy of report card filling, consistency rate with network information report, and completeness of valid ID number filling. Results Among the 16 medical institutions, 8 institutions had all six evaluation indicators at 100%. Using the two methods to rank the 16 medical institutions, the two methods showed that the 8 medical institutions with all six evaluation indicators at 100% were ranked first. There was a strong correlation between the rankings of the 16 medical institutions using the two methods (r_s=0.992, P=0.000). The three counties (cities, districts) with all six evaluation indicators at 100% were all ranked first, while country G was ranked seventh and country E was ranked eighth. Conclusion The results of the DISO index and the TOPSIS method were similar in one-dimensional ranking. DISO can be used for multi-dimensional ranking of disease surveillance data and deserves to be promoted and applied.

Objective To establish a stable,reliable,and clinically relevant porcine model of endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Ten 8-month-old male Bama minipigs were deeply sedated,followed by invasive mechanical ventilation and electrocardiographic monitoring.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was intravenously pumped at 600 μg/(kg·h)for 3 hours,then maintained at 15 μg/(kg·h)thereafter.Dynamic monitoring was performed at five time points after LPS injection(LPS 0,1,3,5,and 8 h),including arterial blood gas analysis and chest computed tomography(CT)scans.Pathological examination of lung tissues obtained via bronchoscopic biopsy(HE staining and transmission electron microscopy)was conducted.These indicators were comprehensively used to evaluate the success of the animal model.Results At 5 hours after LPS administration,8 minipigs developed symptoms such as skin cyanosis,elevated body temperature,and respiratory distress.The oxygenation index decreased to<300 mmHg.Chest CT scans showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.Histopathology revealed alveolar edema and hyaline membrane formation.Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated disruption of pulmonary blood-air barrier,depletion of lamellar bodies in type Ⅱ pneumocytes,inflammatory cell infiltration,and exudation of plasma proteins and fibrin.Compared with LPS 0 h,at LPS 8 h,the oxygenation index and arterial blood pH were significantly decreased(P<0.001),while blood lactic acid and serum potassium were significantly increased(P<0.05);serum calcium and base excess were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the lung injury score based on HE-stained lung sections was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion The porcine ARDS model established by continuous LPS injection can dynamically simulate the pathophysiological characteristics and typical pathological manifestations of clinical septic ARDS,making it an effective tool to study the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment strategies of septic ARDS.

Objective To investigate the differences in BMD,T-scores,lumbar HU values,and modified VBQ scores in patients with thoracolumbar fractures,analyze their correlations,and evaluate their predictive efficacy for thoracolumbar fractures.Methods Patients with thoracolumbar fragility fractures and hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2022 to March 2025 were retrospectively enrolled.Among them,132 eligible patients were divided into the fracture group(n=63)and the non-fracture group(n=69).BMD and T-scores of L1～L4 vertebrae were measured via DEXA,lumbar HU values were obtained from CT scans,and modified VBQ scores were calculated using lumbar MRI.Intergroup comparisons were performed using independent samples t-tests.Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships among BMD,T-scores,HU values,and modified VBQ scores.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was conducted to evaluate their predictive performance for thoracolumbar fractures.Results The fracture group exhibited significantly lower mean BMD,T-scores,and HU values in L1～L4 compared to the non-fracture group,while modified VBQ scores were significantly higher(P<0.001).Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between BMD,T-scores,and HU values in L1～L4,whereas all three parameters showed a significant negative correlation with modified VBQ scores(P<0.001).The AUC values for predicting thoracolumbar fractures were 0.826(T-score),0.836(BMD),0.759(HU value),and 0.875(modified VBQ score),with optimal cutoff thresholds of-1.65(T-score),0.836 g/cm2(BMD),68.4(HU value),and 3.01(modified VBQ score),respectively.Conclusion BMD,T-scores,HU values,and modified VBQ scores in L1～L4 vertebrae are significantly correlated and can serve as the predictive indicators for thoracolumbar fractures.Among them,the modified VBQ score demonstrates the best predictive performance,making it a valuable auxiliary tool for assessing the vertebral bone quality.

Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is a naturally occurring,low-toxicity,and hydrophilic bile acid(BA)in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA.Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate,and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers.Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RLPS)refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area.Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly down-regulated metabolites in sera of RIPS patients compared with healthy subjects.The augmentation of UDCA concentration(≥25 μg/mL)demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells.[15N2]-cystine and[13Cs]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione(GSH)synthesis.Mechanistically,UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis,leading to reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage.Furthermore,UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers(Erastin,RSL3),the murine double minute 2(MDM2)inhibitors(Nutlin 3a,RG7112),cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4)inhibitor(Abemaciclib),and glutaminase inhibitor(CB839).Together,UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity,and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA.More importantly,in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments,UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.