Objective:To analyze the changing trends and influencing factors of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)burden in China,and provide evidence for adjusting related prevention and control policies.Methods:Utilizing the 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)database,it conducted a comprehensive analysis of COPD prevalence,mortality,and disease burden trends in China through disease burden assessment and Age-Period-Cohort(APC)modeling,alongside projections for future trends.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China's age-standardized COPD disease burden showed a declining trend.APC models revealed significant birth cohort effects on COPD prevalence and mortality.Air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure were identified as primary risk factors for COPD-related deaths and disease burden.Projections indicate that the age-standardized prevalence,mortality,and Disability-Adjusted Life Year(DALY)rates of COPD will continue to decrease over the next five years.Conclusion:While China's COPD disease burden has generally declined,prevention and control remain challenging.Significant population heterogeneity in disease burden necessitates targeted interventions for high-risk groups.Establishing an integrated"prevention-diagnosis-control-treatment-rehabilitation"healthcare system is critical to delivering holistic care for COPD patients.

Aim To explore the mechanism of Jiawei Shaofu Zhuyu decoction in antagonizing endometriosis fibrosis by regulating mitophagy.Methods After the animal model was constructed,the syndrome was evalu-ated by general condition,organ water content and ther-mal imaging.The curative effect was evaluated by the weight of ectopic focus and the degree of adhesion.The pathological changes were compared using HE stai-ning,transmission electron microscopy,Masson and Sir-ius red staining.The expression of PINK1 and Parkin was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of mRNA and protein was determined by qPCR and Western blot,and the level of serum ROS was detected by ELISA.Results The autonomic activity of model mice was weakened,the water content of organs rose,and the temperature of limbs and lower abdomen was reduced by thermal imaging.HE staining showed obvi-ous hyperplasia of ectopic epithelium and glands.Transmission electron microscopy showed mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum structure damage,and nor-mal autophagy structure disappeared.Masson and Siri-us red staining showed increased collagen deposition;immunohistochemistry showed decreased expression of PINK1 and Parkin in ectopic foci.qPCR and Western blot showed that the expression of PINK1,Parkin,Bec-lin1,LC3 mRNA and protein in ectopic foci of model mice decreased,the expression of p62 mRNA and pro-tein increased,and serum ROS increased.The syn-drome performance of model mice was improved after the intervention of Jiawei Shaofu Zhuyu decoction;the inflammatory infiltration of ectopic foci was relieved,the morphology of mitochondria and endoplasmic retic-ulum was restored,and normal autophagy structure ap-peared.The degree of collagen deposition and fibrosis was reduced;the mRNA and protein expression of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1 and LC3 increased.The ex-pression of p62 mRNA and protein decreased,and the level of ROS decreased.Conclusions Jiawei Shaofu Zhuyu decoction can improve the fibrosis of ectopic le-sions in mice with endometriosis of cold-dampness sta-sis syndrome,which may be related to the regulation of mitophagy.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing hypercoagulable state in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)after surgery,so as to provide reference for preventing postoperative thrombosis in BPH.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 307 BPH patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Urology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during Apr.2022 and Sep.2023.Patients were divided into the hypercoagulable state group and non-hypercoagulable state group based on the presence of abnormal postoperative coagulation parameters.Single factor and binary logistic regression analysis were used to screen risk factors affecting postoperative blood hypercoagulability in BPH patients.Results Among the 307 BPH patients,45(14.66％)developed a hypercoagulable state postoperatively.Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the hypercoagulable and non-hypercoagulable groups regarding patients'age,length of hospital stay,body mass index(BMI),history of hypertension,history of diabetes,and blood type(P＜0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis identified BMI(OR=1.135,95％CI:1.006-1.281,P=0.039),history of hypertension(OR=2.342,95％CI:1.103-4.927,P=0.027),and blood type(OR=2.270,95％CI:1.066-4.836,P=0.034)as independent risk factors for postoperative hypercoagulable state.Conclusion Non-O blood type,high BMI,and history of hypertension are independent risk factors for the occurrence of hypercoagulable state following surgery for BPH.

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system for the operational management capability in tertiary public hospitals and validate its feasibility,providing a reference for accurately assessing the operational management capability of public hospitals.Methods:A literature review and Delphi method were employed to construct the index system.The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to calculate weights,and a weighted comprehensive index method was applied to evaluate the operational management capability of sample hospitals.Results:A hierarchical indicator system was established,comprising 6 first-level indicators,16 second-level indicators,and 40 third-level indicators,covering the dimensions of resource allocation,service efficiency,economic operation,risk prevention and control,development capacity,and social benefits.Empirical results indicated that the composite score of the sample hospital decreased from 71.5 in 2019 to 53.8 in 2020 and rebounded to 57.9 by 2023.Conclusions:The empirical outcomes align well with the operational capacity as understood by the operational management personnel of the sample hospital,demonstrating that the indicator system is scientifically sound and rational,possessing a high evaluative capability.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To explore the differences in the cost structures of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)and Still's disease,and provide a basis for optimizing the medical insurance and hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policies for rare diseases.Methods:Based on the theories and methods of SHA 2011,the treatment costs and financing models of HLH and Still's disease in 2020 were calculated and analyzed to calculate its financing mode.Results:In 2020,the treatment cost of HLH in China was 436 million yuan,with 98.62%occurring in inpatient services;the treatment cost of Still's disease was 159 million yuan,with 82.32%occurring in inpatient services.In terms of the financing composition,the proportion of household health expenditure in outpatient services for HLH reached to 65.51%;for adult Still's disease,the proportion of household health expenditure in outpatient services was 65.13%;for pediatric Still's disease,the proportion of household health expenditure in outpatient services was as high as 93.15%,and the compensation from social medical insurance was less than 4%.Conclusion:In China,there are problems such as imbalanced cost structures,uneven distribution of diagnosis and treatment resources,heavy family burdens,and differentiation in the attention paid to rare diseases.It is necessary to improve the accounting system,strengthen grassroots diagnosis and treatment,optimize the financing mechanism,increase the attention to"non-star"rare diseases,and promote universal protection.

Objective:To explore the differences in the cost structures of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)and Still's disease,and provide a basis for optimizing the medical insurance and hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policies for rare diseases.Methods:Based on the theories and methods of SHA 2011,the treatment costs and financing models of HLH and Still's disease in 2020 were calculated and analyzed to calculate its financing mode.Results:In 2020,the treatment cost of HLH in China was 436 million yuan,with 98.62%occurring in inpatient services;the treatment cost of Still's disease was 159 million yuan,with 82.32%occurring in inpatient services.In terms of the financing composition,the proportion of household health expenditure in outpatient services for HLH reached to 65.51%;for adult Still's disease,the proportion of household health expenditure in outpatient services was 65.13%;for pediatric Still's disease,the proportion of household health expenditure in outpatient services was as high as 93.15%,and the compensation from social medical insurance was less than 4%.Conclusion:In China,there are problems such as imbalanced cost structures,uneven distribution of diagnosis and treatment resources,heavy family burdens,and differentiation in the attention paid to rare diseases.It is necessary to improve the accounting system,strengthen grassroots diagnosis and treatment,optimize the financing mechanism,increase the attention to"non-star"rare diseases,and promote universal protection.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing hypercoagulable state in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)after surgery,so as to provide reference for preventing postoperative thrombosis in BPH.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 307 BPH patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Urology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during Apr.2022 and Sep.2023.Patients were divided into the hypercoagulable state group and non-hypercoagulable state group based on the presence of abnormal postoperative coagulation parameters.Single factor and binary logistic regression analysis were used to screen risk factors affecting postoperative blood hypercoagulability in BPH patients.Results Among the 307 BPH patients,45(14.66％)developed a hypercoagulable state postoperatively.Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the hypercoagulable and non-hypercoagulable groups regarding patients'age,length of hospital stay,body mass index(BMI),history of hypertension,history of diabetes,and blood type(P＜0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis identified BMI(OR=1.135,95％CI:1.006-1.281,P=0.039),history of hypertension(OR=2.342,95％CI:1.103-4.927,P=0.027),and blood type(OR=2.270,95％CI:1.066-4.836,P=0.034)as independent risk factors for postoperative hypercoagulable state.Conclusion Non-O blood type,high BMI,and history of hypertension are independent risk factors for the occurrence of hypercoagulable state following surgery for BPH.

Objectives:Accounting Total Health Expenditure(THE)in 2023,analyzing the changes of health financing in China since 2015,summarizing the main problems and challenges faced by health financing in China at present,and putting forward policy suggestions to improve health financing.Methods:Health expenditure accounting methods by financing source and by health provider were applied,and the change of total health expenditure in China is analyzed through the index analysis of time series.Results:THE in 2023 in China was 9 057.58 billion yuan,an increase of 6.77%over the previous year,accounting for 7.00%of GDP,and per capi-ta health expenditure was 6 425.32 yuan.The proportion of government health expenditure in THE decreased to 26.66%,the propor-tion of social health expenditure increased to 46.01%,and the proportion of household Out-of-Pocket(OOP)rebounded to 27.33%.Conclusions:The total scale of health expenditure in China continues to grow,but the growth rate slows down,and the stability and sustainability of health financing need to be strengthened.It is necessary to speed up the construction of a government investment mechanism based on health priority development,improve the social health insurance system,guide the rational resource allocation,and reduce the burden of medical treatment for residents.

Objective:To analyze the changing trends and influencing factors of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)burden in China,and provide evidence for adjusting related prevention and control policies.Methods:Utilizing the 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)database,it conducted a comprehensive analysis of COPD prevalence,mortality,and disease burden trends in China through disease burden assessment and Age-Period-Cohort(APC)modeling,alongside projections for future trends.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China's age-standardized COPD disease burden showed a declining trend.APC models revealed significant birth cohort effects on COPD prevalence and mortality.Air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure were identified as primary risk factors for COPD-related deaths and disease burden.Projections indicate that the age-standardized prevalence,mortality,and Disability-Adjusted Life Year(DALY)rates of COPD will continue to decrease over the next five years.Conclusion:While China's COPD disease burden has generally declined,prevention and control remain challenging.Significant population heterogeneity in disease burden necessitates targeted interventions for high-risk groups.Establishing an integrated"prevention-diagnosis-control-treatment-rehabilitation"healthcare system is critical to delivering holistic care for COPD patients.