Aortic dissection is a serious cardiovascular disease characterized by acute onset and high mortality rates. Although advancements in surgical techniques and anesthesia methods have significantly reduced surgical mortality, postoperative complications, particularly pulmonary complications, remain a challenge for the recovery of patients with aortic dissection. Existing studies indicate that respiratory rehabilitation plays a crucial role in preventing and alleviating postoperative pulmonary complications, and its application is gradually expanding. However, current understanding of respiratory rehabilitation treatment for patients with aortic dissection is still insufficient, and there is a lack of standardized protocols in clinical practice. This article aims to review the existing research evidence, comprehensively analyze common pulmonary complications after aortic dissection surgery, their pathogenesis, the latest advancements in perioperative respiratory rehabilitation, and the main challenges faced, in order to provide references for clinical practice and future research.

ObjectiveTo screen and identify the key proteins of Monkeypox Virus （MPXV） that regulate the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome. MethodsUsing the genomic sequence of the domestic epidemic strain of MPXV as a template to construct an expression plasmid library containing 82 viral genes. To screen for viral genes that significantly inhibit the production of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， the expression plasmids encoding NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， cysteine protease-1（Caspase-1）， and pro-IL-1β-Luc reporter gene were co-transfected into HEK293T cells， along with the viral gene plasmids. The signal of the NLRP3 inflammasome was monitored by measuring luciferase activity in the cell supernatant. The inhibition effects were further confirmed by Western Blot （WB）， and the interactions between the viral proteins and the components of the NLRP3 inflammasome were determined by Co-immunoprecipitation （Co-IP）. Additionally， site-directed mutagenesis was performed to identify the specific interaction motifs. ResultsAn NLRP3 inflammasome signal screening system were successfully established and optimized. Screening the MPXV plasmids using this system revealed that B10R most significantly inhibits IL-1β maturation in a dose-dependent manner （P＜0.000 1）. Further characterization demonstrated that B10R interacts directly with pro-IL-1β. Notably， the C-terminal motif mutant of B10R （B10Rmut-C， T96A， Y97A， I98A） lost its ability to interact with pro-IL-1β. ConclusionsThe MPXV B10R protein interacts with pro-IL-1β， thereby inhibiting the IL-1β maturation. The C-terminal motif （T96， Y97， I98） of the B10R protein is crucial for function. This study provides important clues and a foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which MPXV regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Integration for clinical application (ICA) is a compulsory course in clinical medicine at University of Leicester in the United Kingdom. ICA aims to enhance students' ability to integrate medical knowledge in different organs and systems, as well as facilitate the multidimensional integration of medical and social sciences. In collaboration with the University of Leicester, Chongqing Medical University introduced ICA, and the first iteration of this course was completed. Based on the experience obtained during studying at University of Leicester and the current situation of integrated medicine education in China, our study suggests that ICA should be designed based on constructivist cognitive theory and multiple intelligences theory. By focusing on the underlying logic of "reintegration", ICA can effectively fill the gap in multidimensional integrated courses in integrated medicine education in China. However, the course still requires large-scale localization in the future, with improvements needed in various aspects of course design, including content, form, evaluation, and support systems. It is also necessary to leverage the unique advantages of this course in humanities and social sciences, fully integrating ideological and political elements to support the development of a new integrated course system that combines social sciences, natural sciences, and medical knowledge.

Objective:To investigate human factors underlying radiotherapy planning safety incidents and quantitatively explore their interrelationships.Methods:A total of 1 619 safety incidents recorded in the automated plan checking system developed by West China Hospital of Sichuan University were utilized. Human factors were identified and statistically analyzed using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). A Bayesian network model was developed and combined with sensitivity analysis for quantitative assessment.Results:Key contributing factors included organizational processes (12.89%), inadequate supervision (11.85%), and personnel factors (13.50%). Utilizing the established HFACS Bayesian network hybrid model in conjunction with sensitivity analysis, it has been found that the most significant influences on skill‐based errors and decision errors were condition of operators and environmental factors, with corresponding indices of 0.96 and 0.76. Additionally, personnel factors had the greatest impact on routine, with an index of 3.51.Conclusions:Key contributing factors span all HFACS levels, with organizational processes, supervision, personnel, and condition of operators each playing a significant role. Upstream factors — such as organizational climate, environment factors, and personnel factors — strongly influence downstream risks. These offer actionable insights for developing targeted safety protocols.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Integration for clinical application (ICA) is a compulsory course in clinical medicine at University of Leicester in the United Kingdom. ICA aims to enhance students' ability to integrate medical knowledge in different organs and systems, as well as facilitate the multidimensional integration of medical and social sciences. In collaboration with the University of Leicester, Chongqing Medical University introduced ICA, and the first iteration of this course was completed. Based on the experience obtained during studying at University of Leicester and the current situation of integrated medicine education in China, our study suggests that ICA should be designed based on constructivist cognitive theory and multiple intelligences theory. By focusing on the underlying logic of "reintegration", ICA can effectively fill the gap in multidimensional integrated courses in integrated medicine education in China. However, the course still requires large-scale localization in the future, with improvements needed in various aspects of course design, including content, form, evaluation, and support systems. It is also necessary to leverage the unique advantages of this course in humanities and social sciences, fully integrating ideological and political elements to support the development of a new integrated course system that combines social sciences, natural sciences, and medical knowledge.

Objective:To investigate human factors underlying radiotherapy planning safety incidents and quantitatively explore their interrelationships.Methods:A total of 1 619 safety incidents recorded in the automated plan checking system developed by West China Hospital of Sichuan University were utilized. Human factors were identified and statistically analyzed using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). A Bayesian network model was developed and combined with sensitivity analysis for quantitative assessment.Results:Key contributing factors included organizational processes (12.89%), inadequate supervision (11.85%), and personnel factors (13.50%). Utilizing the established HFACS Bayesian network hybrid model in conjunction with sensitivity analysis, it has been found that the most significant influences on skill‐based errors and decision errors were condition of operators and environmental factors, with corresponding indices of 0.96 and 0.76. Additionally, personnel factors had the greatest impact on routine, with an index of 3.51.Conclusions:Key contributing factors span all HFACS levels, with organizational processes, supervision, personnel, and condition of operators each playing a significant role. Upstream factors — such as organizational climate, environment factors, and personnel factors — strongly influence downstream risks. These offer actionable insights for developing targeted safety protocols.

Activated specific T cells possess the capability to directly recognize and eradicate tumor cells, a process pivotal in the anti-tumor immune response. In recent years, the field of tumor immunotherapy, particularly T cell-based strategies, has seen rapid advancements, resulting in several drugs receiving clinical approval and the initiation of numerous basic research endeavors and clinical trials. Among these strategies, adoptive T cell transfer therapy emerges as a principal focus, encompassing approaches such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T), T-cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) therapies. This review endeavors to encapsulate the global research and development strides made in four categories of adoptive T cell therapies, while also dissecting their individual merits and limitations. The objective is to furnish insights that may bolster the development of tumor immunotherapy pharmacopeia and their efficacious clinical application in cancer treatment.

Objective:To analyze the application of antitoxin therapy in severe infant botulism.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 cases of severe infant botulism treated at 3 pediatric medical centers from July 2020 to August 2024. This study investigated antitoxin dosage, treatment duration, discontinuation criteria and adverse reactions.Results:A total of 14 cases (12 males and 2 females) were included, with an age of 5.0 (3.8, 7.0) months. Botulinum toxin typing revealed 10 cases of Type B, 2 cases of Type A and 2 untyped cases. The interval from symptom onset to antitoxin administration was 9.0 (6.0, 11.5) d. The initial dosage of type A antitoxin was 12 500 (10 000, 22 500) U, while type B was 5 000 (5 000, 5 000) U. The dosage was tapered in some cases after symptom improvement, the duration of treatment was 16.5 (9.8, 25.3) d. In total, 11 infants discontinued medications after improvement in muscle strength, while 3 infants discontinued treatment after obtaining negative results from fecal mouse bioassays. Adverse events were reported in 2 cases, both of which resulted in rash, and 1 case was complicated with anaphylactic shock. All the patients survived upon discharge with a follow-up period of 11 d to 3 years and 8 months. Totally 12 infants had fully recovered, while 2 infants were still recovering after discharge.Conclusion:Antitoxin therapy is a feasible and safe approach which showed favorable prognosis in severe infant botulism.

AIM To investigate the protective effects of Shuangyi Qushi Tongluo Capsules(Shuangyi Capsules)on Dexamethasone(Dex)induced osteoporosis in mice.METHODS The C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the Xianling Gubao Capsules group(1.5 g/kg),and the low-dose,moderate-dose,and high-dose Shuangyi Capsules groups(0.6,1.2,and 2.4 g/kg).The mouse model of osteoporosis was induced by 8-week intraperitoneal injection of Dex sodium phosphate injection(5 mg/kg).The mice had their femur osteogenesis observed with hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)staining;their serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and osteocalcin(BGP)activities detected by ELISA;their femoral mRNA expressions of Col-Ⅰ,OCN,and OPN detected by RT-qPCR;and their femoral protein expressions of OPG and RANKL detected by Western blot.Upon the MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to Dex and Shuangyi Capsules,their viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay;their mineralization determined by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining(ARS);and their intracellular ROS level detected using DCFH-DA probe.RESULTS Compared with the model group,Shuangyi Capsules groups demonstrated improved fracture of femoral trabeculae and reduced number of osteoclasts;increased serum ALP and BGP activities(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);increased femoral expressions of Col-Ⅰ mRNA and OPG protein(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decreased RANKL protein expression(P＜0.05).Compared with the MC3T3-E1 cells stimulated by Dex,those underwent further treatment of Shuangyi Capsules demonstrated increased cell viability and ALP activity(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);increased mineralization and calcium nodule formation;increased expressions of Col-Ⅰ,OCN,OPN mRNA and OPG protein(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreased RANKL protein expression(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and reduced ROS levels.CONCLUSION Shuangyi Capsules ameliorate Dex-induced osteoporosis in mice by suppressing osteoclast overactivation,enhancing osteoblast activity,and stimulating bone formation through modulation of Col-Ⅰ,OCN,OPN mRNA and OPG/RANKL protein levels.