Bronchiolar adenoma (BA) is a rare type of lung tumor characterized by bilayered epithelial cells having a continuous basal layer and a luminal layer. It resembles mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) on frozen section, with difficulty in distinguishing the basal layer. Immunohistochemistry is the best choice for verifying the diagnosis. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize three cases of BA-combined carcinoma using clinical, histopathological, and genetic features. BA and carcinoma sections were subjected to next-generation sequencing, respectively. It was hypothesized that while different mutation forms matched different regions, BA and lung adenocarcinoma shared the same gene mutation when they co-occurred in the same location. BA with extensive carcinoma is extremely rare and presents diagnostic challenges due to its overlap with conditions such as MA. Because of its distinctive morphological characteristics, BA may be regarded as a low-grade malignancy, particularly during a confusing evaluation. A multifaceted examination of clinical, radiological, immunohistochemical, and genetic data is necessary for an accurate diagnosis.

Objective To understand mosquito density, species composition, and seasonal variations around the Beijing Capital International Airport(BCIA)and provide scientific evidence for mosquito-borne disease prevention and control. Methods Meteorological data were collected from 2016 to 2022, and mosquito density was monitored at seven surveillance sites around the BCIA from May to October each year using CO2-baited mosquito traps to analyze the relationship between mosquito density and meteorological factors. Results In total,68 518 female mosquitoes were captured, with a mosquito density of 10.20 per light · hour. The dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens(73.90%), followed by Aedes albopictus(9.71%)and Ae. vexans(9.29%);the mosquito density was highest in 2016(14.8 per light·hour)and lowest in 2022(4.46 per light·hour). Significant statistical differences were observed in mosquito density among different species(F=18.118, P<0.05). The density of Cx. pipiens pallens and other mosquito species showed a mutually exclusive trend; the peak of mosquito density varied based on years and habitats, with significant statistical differences in mosquito density among different habitats(F=8.504, P<0.05). The highest mosquito density was observed near the Wenyu River(21.50 per light·hour), whereas the lowest was recorded at the BCIA construction site(2.44 per light· hour). The monthly average temperature(r=0.595), monthly average highest temperature(r=0.575), and monthly average lowest temperature(r=0.624)showed moderate positive correlations, whereas the monthly average air pressure(r=-0.484)showed a moderate negative correlation. The monthly average minimum temperature was included in the regression model(F=25.575, P<0.000), and the equation Y=1.029X4-8.181 was used. The monthly average air pressure 2 months prior(b=-2.418, β=-1.619, P<0.05)and the monthly average relative humidity(b=-0.739, β=-1.201, P<0.05)significantly negatively predicted the mosquito density. Notably, the regression equation used was y=2526.170+(-2.418)X9+(-0.739)X13. The exposure-response analysis revealed that the density of mosquitoes was not linearly related to the average monthly air pressure, rainfall, and duration of sunshine. Conclusions The dominant mosquito species around the BCIA was Cx. pipiens pallens, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. vexans. During the control of Cx. pipiens pallens, the impact on other mosquito species must also be considered. Environmental management, breeding sites, and scientific use of pesticides should be prioritized based on the activity periods of mosquitoes. Further studies on mosquitoes and meteorological factors should be conducted to provide references and novel avenues for mosquito control.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of blue laser vaporization in the treatment of large-volume (＞80 mL) benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 149 BPH patients with prostate volume＞80 mL who underwent blue laser vaporization at our hospital during Aug. 2023 and Aug. 2025. The 1-month postoperative maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and international prostate symptom score (IPSS), operation time, postoperative hemoglobin drop, bladder irrigation volume, catheter indwelling time, and incidence of postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed. Results All operations were successfully completed, without conversion to other approaches. The operation time was (41.47±11.05) minutes, postoperative hemoglobin drop (2.78±1.19) g/L, bladder irrigation volume (9.97±1.49) bags, and catheter indwelling time (3.30±1.85) days. One month after surgery, the Qmax was significantly higher than the preoperative value [(20.19±3.39) mL/s vs. (2.39±2.17) mL/s], while the IPSS was significantly lower [(4.46±0.87) vs. (27.69±2.06)], with statistically significant differences (P＜0.001). Postoperative complications included 1 case of incontinence (0.67%), 2 cases of urethral stricture/bladder neck contracture (1.34%), and 1 case of secondary bleeding (0.67%), all of which improved with symptomatic treatment. Conclusion Blue laser vaporization is effective for treating large-volume BPH, with advantages such as minimal bleeding risk, short operation time, fast recovery and safety.

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of transurethral blue laser vaporization of the prostate (BVP) under intravenous anesthesia without intubation. Methods: Clinical data of 30 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (prostate volume <40 mL) patients undergoing BVP under intravenous anesthesia without intubation in our hospital during Jul.and Nov.2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Preoperative and 1-month postoperative international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life score (QoL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual volume (PVR) were compared.The operation time, cumulative blue laser activation time, recovery time, postoperative bladder irrigation time, postoperative catheter indwelling time, postoperative 2-hour visual analog scale (VAS) score and incidence of surgical and anesthetic complications were recorded. Results: All 30 patients successfully completed BVP under intravenous anesthesia without intubation.The operation time was (12.5±5.0) min, cumulative laser activation time (9.8±4.1) min, recovery time (6.8±1.2) min, postoperative bladder irrigation time (11.0±4.6) h, postoperative catheter indwelling time (2.7±1.1) days and postoperative 2-hour VAS score was (3.0±1.3).No cases required conversion to intubated general anesthesia, and no severe perioperative surgical or anesthetic complications occurred.Significant improvements in IPSS, QoL, Qmax, and PVR were observed 1 month postoperatively (P＜0.001). Conclusion: BVP under intravenous anesthesia without intubation in the treatment of prostate volume <40 mL BPH is clinically feasible, significantly improving lower urinary tract symptoms without significant surgical or anesthetic complications.

Breast milk is the optimal natural food for newborns. However， some newborns cannot receive maternal breast milk due to reasons such as mother-infant separation or insufficient lactation. The establishment of human milk banks （HMB） can effectively address these issues， thereby increasing the breastfeeding rate among hospitalized newborns and improving their quality of survival. However， HMB in China is still in the development and improvement stage. Its implementation involves a series of ethical issues， such as informed consent， privacy protection， economic incentives， quality and safety， and fair resource distribution， which hinder HMB’s widespread promotion. Therefore， discussing the ethical dilemmas faced by the widespread establishment of HMB in China’s hospitals and analyzing coping strategies are crucial for improving the breastfeeding rate of newborns. This paper deeply analyzed and sorted out the ethical issues and challenges currently faced by HMB in China， and proposed corresponding strategies， including “ensuring informed consent and voluntary participation of both donors and recipients，” “protecting the privacy of donors and recipients，” “establishing an ethics-based moral incentive and social support system，” “strictly controlling quality and safety issues”， and “developing fair and rational policies，” aiming to provide a reference solution for addressing ethical concerns in the establishment and operation of HMB.

With the rapid development of deep learning(DL)technology,its potential applications in the medical field have become increasingly prominent.As a refractory disease,osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)has certain limitations in traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.The application of DL technology is expected to overcome these limitations and improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes.At present,the applications of DL models-including enhancing image clarity,improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency,conducting prognostic evaluations,optimizing preoperative planning,assisting intraoperative imaging,and customizing personalized treatment plans-have fully demonstrated their tremendous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of ONFH.This review summarizes the current application status of DL in ONFH diagnosis and treatment,aiming to provide references and insights for future related research.

Objective West Nile virus(WNV)is one of the most common mosquito-borne zoonotic viruses worldwide,with unique transmission dynamics and varied hosts.Lots of ecological and host factors have been reported to influence the host adaptation and transmission of WNVs,however,general genomic features of WNVs are less focused,except for some exact host-specific genotypes at molecular level.Artificial intelligence that analyzes genome composition characteristics currently shows significant advantages in identifying and predicting viral host adaptability.This research aimed to establish a convolutional neural network(CNN)model to predict the host adaptability of WNVs based on general genomic features.Methods Presently available WNV gene sequences were embedded for their genomic features with an embedding approach of dinucleotide composition representation(DCR).And DCR-based distribution difference of WNV samples among various hosts was performed with unsupervised learning methods.Then a classification model was built with a convolutional neural network(CNN)framework based on genomic DCR to evaluate the adaptation of the WNVs from birds,mammals and mosquitos.Additionally,host-specific amino acids in WNV proteins were inferred via Bayes method.Results DCR features could effectively distinguish host-specific WNVs.The trained CNN model predicted accurately mammalian susceptible WNVs from avian susceptible WNVs,however,much less accurately for mosquito/mammalian WNVs.Such predicted host adaptation was interpreted as host specified significance of biased amino acid distribution on the bayes-inferred sites in WNV proteins,implying a possible high significance of these sites for WNV adaptive phenotypes.Conclusions Genomic compositional features of WNVs are host-specific,and such genomic bias facilitates predicting the adaptation of WNVs to avian or mammalian hosts via deep learning methods.DCR-based decomposition is helpful to recognize the high risk of infecting mammals of WNVs.The present study provides a general knowledge of genomic features contributing to host adaptation to WNVs.

Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by central sensitivity to pain, and it is universally acknowledged as a recalcitrant disease. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of the Roujin formula in treating FMS patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome, aiming to provide more scientific and effective treatment options. Methods: Forty-eight eligible participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the Roujin formula group (n = 24) or the placebo group (n = 24). The Roujin formula group received 150 mL of the Roujin formula twice daily, whereas the placebo group was given a tenth of the Roujin formula dosage, twice daily. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks, with a follow-up extending to 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the improvement in the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, whereas secondary outcomes included enhancements in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores. These measures were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) was collected at week 12. Safety assessments were based on routine blood tests, urine tests, and liver and kidney function evaluations. Results: The improvement in the pain VAS score was significantly greater in the Roujin formula group than that in the placebo group at the 4-, 8-, and 12-week follow-ups (p < 0.05). At the 8-week treatment and the 12-week follow-up, improvements in PSQI and FIQR scores were also superior in the Roujin formula group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the 2 groups in the improvement of BDI-II scores, SF-36 physical component summary, and mental component summary scores at any observation time points. At the 12-week follow-up, PGIC ratings were significantly better in the Roujin formula group (p < 0.05). There were 4 adverse events, all of which occurred in the Roujin formula group, including 3 cases of diarrhea and 1 case of stomach pain; no serious adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: The Roujin formula can effectively enhance the overall condition of FMS patients, relieve pain, improve sleep quality, and elevate physical and mental well-being. Only mild gastrointestinal reactions were observed. The Roujin formula may be a viable candidate for clinical implementation.

Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by central sensitivity to pain, and it is universally acknowledged as a recalcitrant disease. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of the Roujin formula in treating FMS patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome, aiming to provide more scientific and effective treatment options. Methods: Forty-eight eligible participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the Roujin formula group (n = 24) or the placebo group (n = 24). The Roujin formula group received 150 mL of the Roujin formula twice daily, whereas the placebo group was given a tenth of the Roujin formula dosage, twice daily. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks, with a follow-up extending to 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the improvement in the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, whereas secondary outcomes included enhancements in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores. These measures were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) was collected at week 12. Safety assessments were based on routine blood tests, urine tests, and liver and kidney function evaluations. Results: The improvement in the pain VAS score was significantly greater in the Roujin formula group than that in the placebo group at the 4-, 8-, and 12-week follow-ups (p < 0.05). At the 8-week treatment and the 12-week follow-up, improvements in PSQI and FIQR scores were also superior in the Roujin formula group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the 2 groups in the improvement of BDI-II scores, SF-36 physical component summary, and mental component summary scores at any observation time points. At the 12-week follow-up, PGIC ratings were significantly better in the Roujin formula group (p < 0.05). There were 4 adverse events, all of which occurred in the Roujin formula group, including 3 cases of diarrhea and 1 case of stomach pain; no serious adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: The Roujin formula can effectively enhance the overall condition of FMS patients, relieve pain, improve sleep quality, and elevate physical and mental well-being. Only mild gastrointestinal reactions were observed. The Roujin formula may be a viable candidate for clinical implementation.

Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by central sensitivity to pain, and it is universally acknowledged as a recalcitrant disease. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of the Roujin formula in treating FMS patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome, aiming to provide more scientific and effective treatment options. Methods: Forty-eight eligible participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the Roujin formula group (n = 24) or the placebo group (n = 24). The Roujin formula group received 150 mL of the Roujin formula twice daily, whereas the placebo group was given a tenth of the Roujin formula dosage, twice daily. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks, with a follow-up extending to 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the improvement in the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, whereas secondary outcomes included enhancements in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores. These measures were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) was collected at week 12. Safety assessments were based on routine blood tests, urine tests, and liver and kidney function evaluations. Results: The improvement in the pain VAS score was significantly greater in the Roujin formula group than that in the placebo group at the 4-, 8-, and 12-week follow-ups (p < 0.05). At the 8-week treatment and the 12-week follow-up, improvements in PSQI and FIQR scores were also superior in the Roujin formula group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the 2 groups in the improvement of BDI-II scores, SF-36 physical component summary, and mental component summary scores at any observation time points. At the 12-week follow-up, PGIC ratings were significantly better in the Roujin formula group (p < 0.05). There were 4 adverse events, all of which occurred in the Roujin formula group, including 3 cases of diarrhea and 1 case of stomach pain; no serious adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: The Roujin formula can effectively enhance the overall condition of FMS patients, relieve pain, improve sleep quality, and elevate physical and mental well-being. Only mild gastrointestinal reactions were observed. The Roujin formula may be a viable candidate for clinical implementation.