Effective symptom management can alleviate the physical and psychological distress experienced by patients with cancer, improve quality of life, and contribute to treatment adherence and improve clinical outcomes. However, most existing guidelines are developed for healthcare professionals, and patients and the public have limited access to standardized and comprehensible guidance on symptom management. To address this gap and to facilitate effective communication and shared decision-making, this study proposes the development of a patient version of the cancer symptom management guideline. The development process will adhere to the methodological framework recommended by the Guidelines International Network and the World Health Organization. The GRADE approach will be employed to assess the certainty of evidence and to formulate recommendations. In addition, the process will be informed by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ (AGREE Ⅱ) instrument and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare-Public or Patient Versions of Guidelines (RIGHT-PVG). This protocol outlines the establishment of the guideline working group, the identification and prioritization of key questions, evidence retrieval and appraisal, and the formulation of recommendations, with the aim of ensuring methodological rigor and transparency in the development of the patient guideline and providing methodological reference for similar guideline initiatives.

The core pathogenesis of pediatric IgA vasculitis （IgAV） is considered to involve qi movement disorder， with the failure of clear-turbid separation and internal generation of turbid pathogens. Accordingly， the viewpoint of "qi disorder causing turbidity" is proposed. In clinical practice， the disease is divided into the acute， persistent， and stable stages. The acute stage is characterized by impaired dispersion of wei （卫） qi and the internal generation of heat turbidity， while the persistent stage by congestion of ying （营） qi and retention of stasis-turbidity， and the stable stage by depletion of pectoral qi with lingering latent turbidity. In clinical practice， regulating qi and transforming turbidity is taken as the basic therapeutic principle， and the self-formulated Tiaoqi Huazhuo Decoction （调气化浊汤） is used as the basic prescription for staged treatment with flexible modifications. Specifically， the acute stage is treated with the method of dispersing wei qi and clearing heat-turbidity； the persistent stage is recommended to harmonize ying qi and purging stasis-turbidity； and the stable stage should focus on securing pectoral qi and venting latent turbidity.

The collateral disease theory stands as one of the most instructive frameworks for elucidating the pathology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia （MPP）. Its characteristic pathological features—toxin damaging collaterals， dysfunction of Qi collaterals， and protracted illness involving collaterals—closely align with the manifestations of cytokine storms， immune dysregulation， and chronic damage induced by M. pneumoniae （MP）. Drug-resistant MP further exacerbates these manifestations and poses challenges in clinical treatment， making it essential to clarify the intrinsic relationship between the collateral disease theory and MPP. However， existing studies still lack relevant elaboration， resulting in a gap in guidance by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory in clinical practice. Considering the instructive， scientific， and necessary role of the collateral disease theory in MPP， this paper thoroughly elucidates the pathological manifestations of MPP and the core evolutionary characteristics of collateral damage， and further provides a scientific interpretation from the perspective of collateral disease on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of TCM treatment of MPP over the past five years. This review aims to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the collateral disease theory and MPP， enrich the scientific connotation of TCM theory， and bridge the gap in TCM theoretical guidance， thereby providing scientific research clues for TCM treatment of MPP.

Objective:To visually analyze the research literature on the analysis of TCM compounds; To explore the research hotspots and trends in this field.Methods:The literature related to the disassembly analysis of TCM compounds was retrieved from CNKI, Chongqing VIP, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, and China Medical Journal Full-text Database from January 1, 1981 to December 31, 2024. CiteSpace 6.4.R1 software was used to visualize the number of articles, authors, institutions and keywords, and to draw the cooperation network diagram of authors and institutions, keyword co-occurrence, clustering, timeline and burst map.Results:A total of 1 728 Chinese articles were included, and the number of publications showed a fluctuating upward trend. A comparatively high number of publications was in 2007 and 2016, followed by a slight decline but maintained at a high level. There is a trend of recovery in 2024. The author with the highest number of articles was Professor Fang Zhaoqin, and the institution with the highest number of articles was Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. High frequency keywords included rats, compatibility, experimental research, cell apoptosis, TCM compound, and a total of 19 clusters and 25 emergent keywords were formed.Conclusions:The research contents and methods of the research on the disassembly of TCM compounds are relatively rich, and there are many explorations on classical prescriptions. The study of disassembled prescriptions has played a driving role in the modernization of TCM compounds. In the future, high-quality cooperation between regions, institutions, and authors, combination with modern medicine and scientific methods, will further improve the quality of research in this field.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Xinyue Decoction combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of cognitive impairment of senile depression.Methods:A randomized controlled trial study was conducted. Totally 116 elderly patients with depression accompanied by cognitive impairment were set as observation subjects, and were divided into a control group and an experimental group using random number table method, with 58 patients in each. The control group received treatment with fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules, while the experimental group was administered Xinyue Decoction Granules in addition to the treatment regimen of the control group. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks for both groups. Comparison was made between the two groups regarding the changes in TCM syndrome scores. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) was used to assess the degree of depression, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA BJ) was used to assess cognitive ability; the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA; the adverse reactions during treatment were observed and recorded, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate of TCM syndromes was 90.4% (47/52) in the experimental group and 75.5% (40/53) in the control group, with statistical significance ( χ2=4.11, P<0.05); the total effective rate of MoCA-BJ was 76.9% (40/52) in the experimental group and 58.5% (31/53) in the control group, with statistical significance ( χ2=4.61, P<0.05); the total effective rate of HAMD-24 was 88.5% (46/52) in the experimental group and 71.7% (38/53) in the control group, with statistical significance ( χ2=4.07, P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome score, HAMD-24 and MoCA-BJ scores of the experimental group were lower than those in the control group ( t=-3.51, -5.11, 2.39, P<0.01 or P<0.05); the level of serum BDNF [(10.49±1.76) ng/L vs. (9.61±1.85) ng/L, t=2.28] in the observation group was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05), and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were lower than those in the control group ( t=-2.50, -2.46, -2.18, P<0.05). During the treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions was 5.77% (3/52) in the experimental group and 7.55% (4/53) in the control group, without statistical significance ( χ2=0.13, P>0.05). Conclusion:Xinyue Decoction combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride can reduce the degree of depression in elderly patients with cognitive impairment of depression, improve the cognitive ability of patients and clinical efficacy.

Objective:To develop a nomogram model for predicting the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) and to validate the stability of the prediction performance of the model.Methods:The patients with MV admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2019 to December 2022 were retrospectively selected according to the order of admission. The patients with MV were divided into the non-VAP group and the VAP group according to whether VAP occurred. The clinical data of the two groups, including general information, disease, medication, condition, and operation-related indicators were collected as candidate predictors of the model for comparison. Multivariate logistic stepwise forward regression analysis was used to screen the predictors that finally entered the model, and a nomogram model was constructed. The model discrimination was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the diagnostic test results of the model at the predicted threshold were calculated, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the model fit, and the Bootstrap resampling was used 1 000 times for internal validation, and model calibration and clinical applicability were evaluated by calibration curve and decision analysis curve, respectively.Results:A total of 1 250 patients with MV were included, including 1 102 patients in the non-VAP group and 148 patients in the VAP group, and the prevalence of VAP was 11.8%. The detection of multidrug-resistant organisms, chronic kidney disease, brain injury, oxygenation index, the place of tracheal intubation, reintubation, use of bronchoscopy, use of antibiotics, and MV duration were model predictors of VAP. The AUC of the nomogram model was 0.917 (95% CI: 0.895-0.939), the maximum Youden index of 0.697 corresponded to a prediction threshold of 0.096. The model accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 0.836, 0.865, and 0.832, respectively. The positive predictive value and the negative predictive value were 0.409 and 0.979, respectively. The Hosmer- Lemeshow test indicated that the model fit well ( P=0.938). The results of the internal validation of the model showed that the predicted risk of the calibration curve was generally consistent with the actual risk, and the decision threshold probability of the decision analysis curve ranged from 2% to 90%. Conclusions:The nomogram model developed in this study is simple, convenient and has relatively stable prediction performance, which can be externally validated to evaluate the extrapolation of the model, and provide a basis for individualized clinical prediction of the risk of VAP in patients with MV.

In the strategic context of "healthy China"， the concept of "medicine and food homology"， rooted in the culture of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， has received unprecedented attention. In response to population aging in China， the health of the elderly has become the focus of public health attention， and proactive health is the key to healthy aging. From the perspective of the application of medicinal and edible materials in proactive health and technological responses to population aging for the first time， this paper firstly provided a systematic overview of medicinal and edible materials and the policies related to proactive health. Second， it summarized the situation of modern technology that accelerates the research and development of medicinal and edible products， as well as the current situation of various modern biotechnologies that reveal the mechanism of action of medicinal and edible materials. Third， it discussed the application scenarios of medicinal and edible materials in proactive health and technological responses to population aging， as well as the future research and development of medicinal and edible materials. By exploring in depth the unique value and importance of medicinal and edible materials， the paper lays a theoretical foundation for improving the health care capabilities of TCM and contributes new strategies derived from TCM to healthy aging.

Psychological factors have become significant contributors to the onset and progression of insomnia. This article explored the treatment of insomnia from the perspective of “liver governs wei qi （defensive qi）”. The concept of “liver governs wei qi （defensive qi）” is summarized in three aspects， firstly， the liver assists the spleen and stomach in transformation and transportation， governing the generation of wei qi； secondly， the liver aids lung qi diffusion and dispersion， governing the distribution of wei qi； thirdly， the liver regulates circadian rhythms， governing the circulation of wei qi. It is proposed that the clinical treatment of insomnia should focus on the following methods： for regulating the liver to harmonize the five viscera， and facilitate the circulation of wei qi， medicinals entering the liver channel include Chaihu （Bupleuri radix）， Baishao （Paeoniae Radix Alba）， Zhizi （Gardeniae Fructus）， and Suanzaoren （Ziziphi Spinosae Semen） could be commonly used； for nourishing the liver， the treatment should align with the day-night rhythm， and herbs such as Baihe （Lilium）， Hehuan （Albizia julibrissin）， and Yejiaoteng （Polygoni multiflori caulis） are commonly used； for soothing the liver and address both mental and physical health to calm wei qi， treatment should advocate verbal counseling， psychological regulation， and health education. Ultimately， this treatment approach can free liver qi to flow， soothe qi movement， restore the motion of wei qi， regulate during day and night， balance yin and yang， and resolve insomnia effectively.

ObjectiveTo explore the optimal construction method and the biological basis for establishing a mouse model of ischemic heart disease（IHD） with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol（ISO）. MethodsA total of 144 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into three normal groups and nine model groups according to body mass， with 12 mice in each group. The model groups 1， 4， and 7 were administered ISO via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for four consecutive days， the model groups 2， 5， and 8 received ISO at a dose of 10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for seven consecutive days， while the model groups 3， 6， and 9 were given ISO at a dose of 15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 14 consecutive days. The normal groups were administered an equivalent volume of normal saline via intraperitoneal injection. After the modeling process， body mass， 24-hour food and water intake， grip strength， and spontaneous activity of the mice were measured. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography， the serum levels of norepinephrine（NE）， cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP）， and cyclic guanosine monophosphate（cGMP） were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The content of adenosine triphosphate（ATP） in myocardial tissue was measured by biochemical analysis， while histopathological changes in myocardial tissue were observed via hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining. An orthogonal experimental design was applied for intuitive analysis and variance analysis to screen the optimal modeling conditions of the mouse model of IHD with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome. A data-dependent acquisition（DDA） proteomic technique was employed to quantitatively detect differentially expressed proteins in myocardial tissue between the optimal model group and the normal group. And bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the potential biological mechanisms underlying the Qi and Yin deficiency model of IHD. ResultsOrthogonal results showed that the injection cycle had a great influence on model establishment， and the optimal modeling condition was identified as intraperitoneal injection of ISO at 15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 14 consecutive days. Under this condition， compared with the normal group， the model group demonstrated significant reductions in body mass， food intake， water intake， grip strength， total distance and average speed of exercise， ejection fraction（EF）， fractional shortening（FS）， serum levels of NE and cGMP， and myocardial ATP content（P<0.01）， while immobility time， cAMP level， and the cAMP/cGMP value were significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE staining results revealed that myocardial tissue in the model group had disordered cell arrangement， inflammatory cell infiltration， myocardial fiber rupture， and fibrous tissue proliferation. Proteomic analysis identified 141 differentially expressed proteins in the model group compared with the normal group， with 52 up-regulated and 89 down-regulated. Gene Ontology（GO） functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the cellular components（CC） were mainly related to mitochondria and the inner mitochondrial membrane， the biological processes（BP） were associated with complement activation， platelet activation， and responses to metal ions， suggesting that the potential functional pathways involved the complement and coagulation cascade， as well as porphyrin metabolism. ConclusionContinuous intraperitoneal injection of ISO at a dose of 15 mg·kg^-1 for 14 days successfully establishes a mouse model of IHD with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome， and the underlying mechanisms may be related to the regulation of iron ions by complement C3， C5 and Cp， and plays a role in the regulation through the BP of complement activation， platelet activation， and responses to metal ions， and the signaling pathways of the complement and coagulation cascade and porphyrin metabolism.

ObjectiveTo explore the optimal construction method and the biological basis for establishing a mouse model of ischemic heart disease（IHD） with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol（ISO）. MethodsA total of 144 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into three normal groups and nine model groups according to body mass， with 12 mice in each group. The model groups 1， 4， and 7 were administered ISO via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for four consecutive days， the model groups 2， 5， and 8 received ISO at a dose of 10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for seven consecutive days， while the model groups 3， 6， and 9 were given ISO at a dose of 15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 14 consecutive days. The normal groups were administered an equivalent volume of normal saline via intraperitoneal injection. After the modeling process， body mass， 24-hour food and water intake， grip strength， and spontaneous activity of the mice were measured. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography， the serum levels of norepinephrine（NE）， cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP）， and cyclic guanosine monophosphate（cGMP） were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The content of adenosine triphosphate（ATP） in myocardial tissue was measured by biochemical analysis， while histopathological changes in myocardial tissue were observed via hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining. An orthogonal experimental design was applied for intuitive analysis and variance analysis to screen the optimal modeling conditions of the mouse model of IHD with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome. A data-dependent acquisition（DDA） proteomic technique was employed to quantitatively detect differentially expressed proteins in myocardial tissue between the optimal model group and the normal group. And bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the potential biological mechanisms underlying the Qi and Yin deficiency model of IHD. ResultsOrthogonal results showed that the injection cycle had a great influence on model establishment， and the optimal modeling condition was identified as intraperitoneal injection of ISO at 15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 14 consecutive days. Under this condition， compared with the normal group， the model group demonstrated significant reductions in body mass， food intake， water intake， grip strength， total distance and average speed of exercise， ejection fraction（EF）， fractional shortening（FS）， serum levels of NE and cGMP， and myocardial ATP content（P<0.01）， while immobility time， cAMP level， and the cAMP/cGMP value were significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE staining results revealed that myocardial tissue in the model group had disordered cell arrangement， inflammatory cell infiltration， myocardial fiber rupture， and fibrous tissue proliferation. Proteomic analysis identified 141 differentially expressed proteins in the model group compared with the normal group， with 52 up-regulated and 89 down-regulated. Gene Ontology（GO） functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the cellular components（CC） were mainly related to mitochondria and the inner mitochondrial membrane， the biological processes（BP） were associated with complement activation， platelet activation， and responses to metal ions， suggesting that the potential functional pathways involved the complement and coagulation cascade， as well as porphyrin metabolism. ConclusionContinuous intraperitoneal injection of ISO at a dose of 15 mg·kg^-1 for 14 days successfully establishes a mouse model of IHD with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome， and the underlying mechanisms may be related to the regulation of iron ions by complement C3， C5 and Cp， and plays a role in the regulation through the BP of complement activation， platelet activation， and responses to metal ions， and the signaling pathways of the complement and coagulation cascade and porphyrin metabolism.