Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss globally.Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)therapies remain the clinical mainstay, a significant proportion of patients exhibit suboptimal responses, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. Calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP), a multifunctional neuropeptide, is gaining attention due to its roles in vascular regulation, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of CGRP and its receptor-mediated signaling, and explores emerging evidence of CGRP's involvement in DR through its vasodilatory effects and regulatory effect on neurodegenerative disorders and release of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of targeting the CGRP pathway in DR is evaluated, especially in cases unresponsive to VEGF inhibition. Despite currently the lack of CGRP-targeted drugs applied for DR, the peptide demonstrates efficacy and safety in other diseases, such as migraine, suggests promising translational opportunities. However, CGRP may play a dual role in different pathological stages of DR, thus its treatment strategy needs to be considered precisely. Future research elucidating the precise mechanisms of CGRP in DR may pave the way for innovative intervention strategies.

Objective To explore the regulatory effect of long non-coding RNA HOX transcript anti-sense RNA(lnRNA HOTAIR)targeting tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)on podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Mice podocyte MPC5 were divided into 6 groups:the control group,the high glucose group(the HG group),the HG+si-NC group,the HG+si-HOTAIR group,the HG+si-HOTAIR+sh-NC group,and the HG+si-HOTAIR+sh-TSC1 group.qPCR was used to detect the levels of lnRNA HO-TAIR and TSC1 mRNA.Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),and apoptosis was detec-ted by flow cytometry.ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors[IL-6,tumor necrosis fac-tor-α(TNF-α)]and the levels of oxidative stress indicators[reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)]were detected by corresponding reagent kit.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of lnRNA HOTAIR,apoptosis rate,IL-6,TNF-α,ROS and MDA in the HG group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the levels of TSC1 mRNA,cell viability and SOD were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the HG+si-NC group,the levels of lnRNA HOTAIR,ap-optosis rate,IL-6,TNF-α,ROS and MDA in the HG+si-HOTAIR group significantly decreased(P<0.05),the levels of TSC1 mRNA,cell viability and SOD were significant increased(P<0.05).Compared with the HG+si-HOTAIR+sh-NC group,the levels of apoptosis rate,IL-6,TNF-α,ROS and MDA in the HG+si-HOTAIR+sh-TSC1 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the levels of TSC1 mRNA,cell viability and SOD were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Silencing lnRNA HOTAIR can target TSC1 to regulate the activity,apoptosis rate,inflammatory level and oxidative stress levels of podocyte injury in DN,thereby alleviating podocyte damage in DN.

Homeostasis and energy and substance metabolism reprogramming shape various tumor microenvironment to sustain cancer stemness, self-plasticity and treatment resistance. Aiming at them, a lipid-based pharmaceutical loaded with CaO₂ and glucose oxidase (GOx) (LipoCaO₂/GOx, LCG) has been obtained to disrupt calcium homeostasis and interfere with glycometabolism. The loaded GOx can decompose glucose into H₂O₂ and gluconic acid, thus competing with anaerobic glycolysis to hamper lactic acid (LA) secretion. The obtained gluconic acid further deprives CaO₂ to produce H₂O₂ and release Ca²⁺, disrupting Ca²⁺ homeostasis, which synergizes with GOx-mediated glycometabolism interference to deplete glutathione (GSH) and yield reactive oxygen species (ROS). Systematical experiments reveal that these sequential multifaceted events unlocked by Ca²⁺ homeostasis disruption and glycometabolism interference, ROS production and LA inhibition, successfully enhance cancer immunogenic deaths of breast cancer cells, hamper regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration and promote CD8⁺ T recruitment, which receives a considerably-inhibited outcome against breast cancer progression. Collectively, this calcium homeostasis disruption glycometabolism interference strategy effectively combines ion interference therapy with starvation therapy to eventually evoke an effective anti-tumor immune environment, which represents in the field of biomedical research.

[Objective] To evaluate the feasibility of a novel outpatient infusion model for blinatumomab in two acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, aiming to address challenges of poor treatment tolerance, high healthcare costs, and compromised quality of life, thereby providing clinical insights for broader adoption of this approach. [Methods] Two post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) patients undergoing blinatumomab maintenance therapy were selected to evaluate the efficacy of the outpatient infusion model. Patient selection criteria, nursing protocols, standardized workflows, and advancements in infusion practices were systematically analyzed combined with a review of global developments in this field. [Results] Both patients completed outpatient blinatumomab infusion without severe adverse events, demonstrating preliminary feasibility and safety of this model. The novel approach enhanced treatment convenience, reduced hospitalization costs, and improved quality of life. [Conclusion] Despite the limited sample size, this pilot study highlights the potential of outpatient blinatumomab administration as a viable alternative to traditional inpatient regimens.

BACKGROUND:As the end bearing joint of the human body,the ankle joint bears the top-down pressure of the body,which leads to the ankle joint is easy to be damaged in the movement,can induce functional ankle instability,which negatively affects daily life.The study of lower extremity biomechanics in patients with functional ankle instability during counter movement jump is of great significance for scientific training,prevention of ankle injury,and clinical rehabilitation after injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the kinetics and kinematics of lower limbs in the longitudinal jumping of functional ankle instability population. METHODS:From March to September 2023,15 male patients with functional ankle instability and 15 healthy people,aged 22-28 years old,were recruited in Soochow University.All subjects completed counter movement jump experiment.Vicon infrared high-speed motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force measuring table were used to simultaneously collect the lower limb kinematics and kinetics indexes of the two groups of subjects at the take-off stage of counter movement jump,the instant off the ground,the initial landing moment and the peak moment of vertical ground reaction force. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At the instant off the ground,the affected side of the functional ankle instability group showed smaller knee internal rotation moment(P=0.020)and smaller ankle internal rotation moment(P=0.009)compared with the affected side of the healthy control group.(2)At the moment of landing,the affected side of the functional ankle instability group showed a smaller hip flexion angle than the affected side of the healthy control group(P=0.039).Compared with the healthy control group,functional ankle instability group showed smaller hip abduction angle(P=0.022),smaller knee varus angle(P=0.010),larger knee external rotation angle(P=0.021),smaller ankle varus angle(P=0.004),and smaller external ankle rotation angle(P=0.008).(3)At the peak of vertical ground reaction force,functional ankle instability group showed a smaller ankle varus angle than healthy control group(P=0.044).(4)The results showed that the lower limb biomechanical characteristics of the patients with functional ankle instability were abnormal compared with the healthy people during counter movement jump,which mainly showed the changes of the kinematics and kinetics indexes of the lower limb joints in the sagittal plane and the frontal plane at the moment of lift-off and landing.These changes reflect that people with functional ankle instability adopt rigid take-off and landing patterns when performing counter movement jump,tend to transfer the load of the affected ankle joint to other joints of the lower limb,and show compensatory phenomenon of the healthy lower limb.Therefore,detection and correction of abnormal biomechanical features should be a part of rehabilitation training for those with functional ankle instability.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of targeted epidural space block combined with acupotomy in the treatment for lumbar disc herniation(LDH)under the monitor of X-ray image,and to analyze the safety of its operation.Methods:A total of 60 LDH patients who admitted to Department of Pain,Jiangyin Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to September 2023 were selected,and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group as random number table,with 30 cases in each group.The observation group adopted targeted epidural space block combined with acupotomy under monitor with X-ray for anterior epidural space,while the control group adopted conventionally epidural block,all of which were treated only once.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores of two groups before treatment and at the 3rd day,7th day and 30th day after treatment were compared.At the 30th day after treatment,the curative effects of two groups were evaluated according to ODI scores,at the same time,the safe distance between puncture and acupotomy in patients of observation group was analyzed.Results:The effective rates of the treatment of observation group and control group were respectively 96.67%and 70%,and the difference of that between the two groups was statistically significant(x2=7.680,P<0.05).The VAS scores of the two groups at the 3rd day,7th day and 30th day after treatment were lower than those before treatment,and the observation group(2.30±0.87),(1.53±0.86)and(1.47±0.81)were lower than the control group(4.43±0.89),(2.23±0.89)and(4.27±0.82),the difference was statistically significant(t=9.374,3.098,13.306,P<0.05).The ODI scores of the two groups were at the 3rd day,7th day and 30th day after treatment were lower than those before treatment,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=7.112,10.690,10.151,P<0.05).In 30 patients of observation group,the gap between the dural sac and the inner edge of facet joint on the affected side was larger than 4.0mm in 25 cases,and all of them can safely conduct puncture with targeting.Conclusion:The targeted epidural space block combined with acupotomy by adopting monitor with X-ray image can effectively improve the symptom of pain,and activities of daily life of LDH patients,which treatment is safe and effective.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of targeted epidural space block combined with acupotomy in the treatment for lumbar disc herniation(LDH)under the monitor of X-ray image,and to analyze the safety of its operation.Methods:A total of 60 LDH patients who admitted to Department of Pain,Jiangyin Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to September 2023 were selected,and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group as random number table,with 30 cases in each group.The observation group adopted targeted epidural space block combined with acupotomy under monitor with X-ray for anterior epidural space,while the control group adopted conventionally epidural block,all of which were treated only once.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores of two groups before treatment and at the 3rd day,7th day and 30th day after treatment were compared.At the 30th day after treatment,the curative effects of two groups were evaluated according to ODI scores,at the same time,the safe distance between puncture and acupotomy in patients of observation group was analyzed.Results:The effective rates of the treatment of observation group and control group were respectively 96.67%and 70%,and the difference of that between the two groups was statistically significant(x2=7.680,P<0.05).The VAS scores of the two groups at the 3rd day,7th day and 30th day after treatment were lower than those before treatment,and the observation group(2.30±0.87),(1.53±0.86)and(1.47±0.81)were lower than the control group(4.43±0.89),(2.23±0.89)and(4.27±0.82),the difference was statistically significant(t=9.374,3.098,13.306,P<0.05).The ODI scores of the two groups were at the 3rd day,7th day and 30th day after treatment were lower than those before treatment,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=7.112,10.690,10.151,P<0.05).In 30 patients of observation group,the gap between the dural sac and the inner edge of facet joint on the affected side was larger than 4.0mm in 25 cases,and all of them can safely conduct puncture with targeting.Conclusion:The targeted epidural space block combined with acupotomy by adopting monitor with X-ray image can effectively improve the symptom of pain,and activities of daily life of LDH patients,which treatment is safe and effective.

The medicinal history of Zanthoxyli Radix is long,and it is recorded in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing under the name of Manjiao.Modern pharmacological research has proven that Zanthoxyli Radix has anti-tumor,antibacterial,antioxidant,and hemostatic effects.This article reviewed the pharmacological effects of Zanthoxyli Radix based on its functional indications.Based on the basic requirements of TCM quality markers(Q-markers),this article predicted and analyzed the Q-markers of Zanthoxyli Radix from the perspectives of plant phylogeny and chemical component specificity,chemical component and pharmacological correlation,and chemical component testability.It is proposed to select alkaloids,flavonoids,and lignans as the Q-markers for the general classification of Zanthoxyli Radix.The candidate components for Q-marker were identified,including chloramphenicol,white croaker alkaloid,magnolian alkaloid,taro alkaloid,vanillin,hesperidin,L-sesamin and L-asarone,providing a reference for further research on the quality standards of Zanthoxyli Radix.