Objective:To investigate effect of galangin(Gal)on immune function in nephrotic syndrome(NS)rats by regula-ting stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)signaling pathway.Methods:A NS rat model was established by injecting doxorubicin into tail vein.After successful modeling,rats were randomly grouped into Model group,Gal low,medium and high doses groups,activator group.Twelve rats were randomly selected as control group,and each group was given corre-sponding drug by gavage and intraperitoneal injection,once a day for 6 consecutive weeks.Biochemical indicators such as 24-hour urine protein,urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Scr)and total cholesterol(TC)were detected in rats;HE staining was applied to observe pathological damage in rat kidney tissue;spleen and thymus were taken and weighed,and organ index was calculated;flow cytometry was applied to detect levels of CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+T,Th1 and Th2 cells in rat peripheral blood;ELISA was applied to detect IL-10,IL-2,TNF-α,IgG and IgM in serum;qRT-PCR and Western blot were applied to detect mRNA and protein expressions of SDF-1 and CXCR4.Results:Compared with control group,24-hour urine protein,BUN,Scr,TC,triglyceride(TG)contents,CD8+T,Th1,Th1/Th2,IL-2,TNF-α,SDF-1,CXCR4 mRNA and protein expressions of rats in Model group were obviously in-creased,albumin(ALB)content,spleen index,thymus index,CD3+T,CD4+T,Th2 cell proportions,CD4+T/CD8+T,IL-10,IgG,and IgM levels were obviously reduced(P<0.05);compared with Model group,24-hour urine protein,BUN,Scr,TC,TG contents,CD8+T,Th1,Th1/Th2,IL-2,TNF-α,SDF-1,CXCR4 mRNA and protein expressions of rats in Gal low,medium and high doses groups were gradually decreased,ALB content,spleen index,thymus index,CD3+T,CD4+T,Th2 cell proportions,CD4+T/CD8+T,IL-10,IgG and IgM levels were gradually increased(P<0.05);compared with high-dose Gal group,changes in above indicators in activator group of rats were obviously reversed(P<0.05).Conclusion:Gal may enhance T lymphocyte immune function by inhibiting SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway,thereby alleviating renal injury in NS rats.

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic significance of modified lung ultrasound score(MPUS)for pediatric bacterial and viral pneumonia.Materials and Methods A total of 93 eligible children with suspected community-acquired pneumonia in Quanzhou Maternal and Child Care Hospital(Quanzhou Children’s Hospital)from December 2022 to June 2023 were elected as the study subjects.All these children received lung ultrasound and the MLUS was recorded according to the ultrasound manifestations of A line,B line and lung consolidation.According to the etiological results,the children were divided into a bacterial pneumonia group and a viral pneumonia group.According to disease severity,the children were divided into the mild group and the severe group.The MLUS was used to analyze the diagnostic significance of pediatric bacterial and viral pneumonia.Results The MLUS in the mild pneumonia group was 7(4,13)points and the MLUS in the severe pneumonia group was 20(14,30)points,and MLUS scores of pneumonia in the two groups were different(Z=-5.205,P<0.05).By drawing receiver operating characteristic curve,MLUS score of 14.5 was used as the cut-off point,the sensitivity for diagnosing severe pneumonia was 75.9%,the specificity was 82.8%.Area under the curve was 0.838.There was no significant differences in MLUS of 8.00(4.00,16.00)between the bacterial pneumonia group and 13.00(7.00,21.75)between the viral pneumonia group(Z=-1.981,P>0.05).The MLUS of 10.00(5.25,17.75)in the mild bacterial pneumonia group and 5.00(4.00,9.50)in the mild viral pneumonia group were significantly different(Z=-3.403,P<0.05).There was no significant differences in MLUS between the severe bacterial pneumonia group and the severe viral pneumonia group(t=0.017,P>0.05).In mild pneumonia,the cut-off value for the modified lung ultrasound score of 10.5 predicted moderate diagnostic efficacy of mild bacterial pneumonia,the area under the curve was 0.747,sensitivity was 50%and specificity was 87.5%.Large-area lung consolidation was more common in the bacterial pneumonia group than in the viral pneumonia group(χ2=8.360,P<0.05).Conclusion The modified lung ultrasound score can effectively evaluate the severity of pediatric bacterial pneumonia and viral pneumonia.For the identification of the two,MLUS may be a certain guiding significance.

Objective:To investigate effect of galangin(Gal)on immune function in nephrotic syndrome(NS)rats by regula-ting stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)signaling pathway.Methods:A NS rat model was established by injecting doxorubicin into tail vein.After successful modeling,rats were randomly grouped into Model group,Gal low,medium and high doses groups,activator group.Twelve rats were randomly selected as control group,and each group was given corre-sponding drug by gavage and intraperitoneal injection,once a day for 6 consecutive weeks.Biochemical indicators such as 24-hour urine protein,urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Scr)and total cholesterol(TC)were detected in rats;HE staining was applied to observe pathological damage in rat kidney tissue;spleen and thymus were taken and weighed,and organ index was calculated;flow cytometry was applied to detect levels of CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+T,Th1 and Th2 cells in rat peripheral blood;ELISA was applied to detect IL-10,IL-2,TNF-α,IgG and IgM in serum;qRT-PCR and Western blot were applied to detect mRNA and protein expressions of SDF-1 and CXCR4.Results:Compared with control group,24-hour urine protein,BUN,Scr,TC,triglyceride(TG)contents,CD8+T,Th1,Th1/Th2,IL-2,TNF-α,SDF-1,CXCR4 mRNA and protein expressions of rats in Model group were obviously in-creased,albumin(ALB)content,spleen index,thymus index,CD3+T,CD4+T,Th2 cell proportions,CD4+T/CD8+T,IL-10,IgG,and IgM levels were obviously reduced(P<0.05);compared with Model group,24-hour urine protein,BUN,Scr,TC,TG contents,CD8+T,Th1,Th1/Th2,IL-2,TNF-α,SDF-1,CXCR4 mRNA and protein expressions of rats in Gal low,medium and high doses groups were gradually decreased,ALB content,spleen index,thymus index,CD3+T,CD4+T,Th2 cell proportions,CD4+T/CD8+T,IL-10,IgG and IgM levels were gradually increased(P<0.05);compared with high-dose Gal group,changes in above indicators in activator group of rats were obviously reversed(P<0.05).Conclusion:Gal may enhance T lymphocyte immune function by inhibiting SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway,thereby alleviating renal injury in NS rats.

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic significance of modified lung ultrasound score(MPUS)for pediatric bacterial and viral pneumonia.Materials and Methods A total of 93 eligible children with suspected community-acquired pneumonia in Quanzhou Maternal and Child Care Hospital(Quanzhou Children’s Hospital)from December 2022 to June 2023 were elected as the study subjects.All these children received lung ultrasound and the MLUS was recorded according to the ultrasound manifestations of A line,B line and lung consolidation.According to the etiological results,the children were divided into a bacterial pneumonia group and a viral pneumonia group.According to disease severity,the children were divided into the mild group and the severe group.The MLUS was used to analyze the diagnostic significance of pediatric bacterial and viral pneumonia.Results The MLUS in the mild pneumonia group was 7(4,13)points and the MLUS in the severe pneumonia group was 20(14,30)points,and MLUS scores of pneumonia in the two groups were different(Z=-5.205,P<0.05).By drawing receiver operating characteristic curve,MLUS score of 14.5 was used as the cut-off point,the sensitivity for diagnosing severe pneumonia was 75.9%,the specificity was 82.8%.Area under the curve was 0.838.There was no significant differences in MLUS of 8.00(4.00,16.00)between the bacterial pneumonia group and 13.00(7.00,21.75)between the viral pneumonia group(Z=-1.981,P>0.05).The MLUS of 10.00(5.25,17.75)in the mild bacterial pneumonia group and 5.00(4.00,9.50)in the mild viral pneumonia group were significantly different(Z=-3.403,P<0.05).There was no significant differences in MLUS between the severe bacterial pneumonia group and the severe viral pneumonia group(t=0.017,P>0.05).In mild pneumonia,the cut-off value for the modified lung ultrasound score of 10.5 predicted moderate diagnostic efficacy of mild bacterial pneumonia,the area under the curve was 0.747,sensitivity was 50%and specificity was 87.5%.Large-area lung consolidation was more common in the bacterial pneumonia group than in the viral pneumonia group(χ2=8.360,P<0.05).Conclusion The modified lung ultrasound score can effectively evaluate the severity of pediatric bacterial pneumonia and viral pneumonia.For the identification of the two,MLUS may be a certain guiding significance.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between refractive errors and physical development indicators among primary school students aged 6 to 9, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective prevention and control measures. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 2 833 elementary school students aged 6 to 9 from Guangdong Province for vision screening, ocular biometry, and physical examinations in Octorber, 2020. The Chi square test, t-test, and ANOVA were employed to compare myopia rates and indicator values across different groups. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlations between height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) with refractive development indicators. Results: The screening myopia rate among primary school students aged 6 to 9 was 16.7%, and the myopia rate increased with age ( χ 2= 51.58 , P <0.01). The height and weight of the myopic group [(126.96±7.41)cm, (26.59±6.45)kg] were higher than those of the non myopic group [(124.76±7.77)cm, (25.42±5.87)kg] ( t =5.84, 3.65, P <0.01). The mean values of spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and AL/corneal curvature radius (CR) ratio for students aged 6 to 9 were (-0.17±1.04)D, (22.96±0.78)mm, (3.38±0.24)mm, and (2.95±0.08), respectively, with statistically significant differences across different age and myopia severity groups ( t =37.08, 119.20, 41.54, 133.60; 935.30, 184.10, 73.95, 498.50, P < 0.01). After adjusting for gender, age, and residence, the multiple linear regression model showed that height was positively correlated with AL and CR, weight was positively correlated with ACD, and BMI was positively correlated with AL and ACD ( β = 0.191 , 0.070, 0.035, 0.013, 0.007, P <0.05). When stratified by myopia status, results for the non-myopic group were similar to the overall results, whereas in the myopic group, the correlations between height, BMI, and AL were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Conclusions Among primary school students aged 6 to 9, height and BMI are positively correlated with AL in the non myopic group but no similar correlation is observed in the myopic group, indicating that factors other than physical development, such as environmental and behavioral factors, should be considered for their impact on refractive development.

Objective To explore the applicability and optimal cut-off of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the diagnosis of pressure injury in ICU patients in China.Methods From April 2021 to October 2022,6 203 ICU patients from 35 tertiary hospitals in Gansu Province were included in the study by convenience sampling method.The standardized trained ICU nurses examined the skin and collected relevant data,determined whether or not there was pressure injury and its stage,and simultaneously used the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale for pressure injury risk assessment.The software was used to statistically analyze the area under the receive operating characteristic curve(AUC),Yoden index,sensitivity,specificity and other indexes of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the diagnosis of pressure injury in ICU patients.Results A total of 79 cases of pressure injury occurred during hospitalization in 6 203 ICU patients,with an incidence of 1.27％.Hierarchical analysis showed that the AUC of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the prediction and diagnosis of pressure injury ranged from 0.74 to 0.92 in ICU patients with different sex,age,length of ICU stay,whether or not mechanically ventilated,and whether or not surgical.The Yoden index,sensitivity and specificity were 0.40-0.74,77.27％-94.44％and 62.44％-82.63％,respectively.When the total score was ≤28 points,the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale obtained the highest AUC(0.86),and the Yoden index,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio,and negative likelihood ratio were 0.60,92.41％,67.26％,3.50％,99.86％,2.82 and 0.11,respectively.Conclusion The revised Cubbin & Jackson scale can be used as a suitable tool to effectively predict and diagnose pressure injury in ICU patients in China,and the optimal cut-off of ≤28 points is appropriate.

Objective To develop"a guideline for pressure injury risk assessment and prevention of neonates in NICU",and to provide guidance and references for clinical staff in the implementation of pressure injury assessment and prevention for neonates in NICU.Methods Based on the World Health 0rganization Guideline Development Manual and the results of systematic search for identified clinical problems,the GRADE method was used to evaluate the evidence and grade the recommendations,and the RIGHT report specifications were referred to for writing,and the guideline was developed and revised according to the results and recommendations of the expert review,so as to form the official guideline.Results The guideline included 2 aspects of pressure injury risk assessment and prevention,resulting in 12 clinical questions and 19 recommendations.Conclusion The guideline for risk assessment and prevention of pressure injury of neonates in NICU is an evidence-based guideline based on the best available evidence,clinical practice,and professional judgment,and it can provide a practical basis for scientific decision-making by clinical staff and managers.

Objective:To compare the immediate effectiveness of elbow forearm support with that of a traditional shoulder sling in reducing glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) after a stroke.Methods:Eight stroke survivors with GHS were randomized to receive either 30 minutes of intervention of an elbow forearm support treatment or a traditional shoulder sling treatment twice within 24 hours. Their healthy and affected shoulders were X-rayed before and right after the treatment is ongoing as well as after the end of the 30 min of treatment. The vertical (VD) and horizontal (HD) distances from the lower edge of the acromion to the center of the humeral head were measured. The satisfaction of the patients and their relatives was surveyed.Results:The average VD and HD improved significantly more after wearing the elbow forearm support. Moreover, the patients and their relatives expressed greater satisfaction with the elbow forearm support.Conclusion:Either an elbow forearm support or a traditional shoulder sling will have an immediate effect in reducing shoulder subluxation, but the elbow forearm support is more effective and gives greater satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Citrus medica before and after being steamed on blood metabolism and dryness indexes in rats. METHODS Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， C. medica group （2.4 g/kg）， processed C. medica group （2.4 g/kg）， Citrus aurantium group （positive control， 1.2 g/kg）， with 6 rats in each group. After 5 weeks of continuous administration， the body weight， food intake， water intake and urine volume were observed dynamically. The content of aquaporin 3 （AQP3） in serum was detected. The metabolic profile of rat serum samples was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to screen differential metabolites， and screened differential metabolites were mapped to the KEGG database for pathway analysis. RESULTS The body weight of rats in each group increased slowly； the food intake and water intake of processed C. medica group tended to be higher than those in C. medica group and C. aurantium group， but there was no significant difference among those groups （P＞0.05）. On the 21st day of administration， compared with C. aurantium group， the urine volume of processed C. medica group was significantly increased （P＜0.05）， the serum AQP3 content of processed C. medica group was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）， and were close to those of blank group. According to the metabonomic study， C. medica mainly affected the lipids metabolism， and processed C. medica mainly affected the amino acid metabolism. The differential metabolites pathway between C. medica and processed C. medica involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine， metabolism of glycine， serine and threonine， and metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine. CONCLUSIONS Processed C. medica might relieve the dryness of C. medica by affecting adenosine phosphate-protein kinase A. The content of AQP3 in serum can be used as the 52 evaluation index for the dryness of C. medica before and after processing. The effects of C. medica and processed C. medica on endogenous metabolites in rat serum are quite different，especially in the aspect of lipid metabolism.

Background: Dietary fiber is strongly recommended as the basic treatment for functional constipation according to global guidelines. However, a complete evaluation standard for the laxative functional food remains to be improved in China. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the laxative function of a compound fructose-oligosaccharide fiber granule, so as to provide evidence-based medical basis for the evaluation of laxative functional food. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel and controlled trial with placebo as control, 120 subjects with functional constipation were enrolled in 2 clinical research centers in Beijing, and randomly divided into experimental group and control group (60 cases in each group). Subjects in experimental group were given a compound fructose-oligosaccharide fiber granule dissolved in 50 mL water orally, 1 bag (9 g) per day for 2 weeks; while those in control group were given a placebo granule with the same appearance, specification and dosage as the experimental group. The bowel movement frequency per week, defecation status and stool consistency were recorded before and after the test, and the safety tests were completed. Results: After 2 weeks of treatment, the bowel movement frequency in experimental group increased by (1.63±1.57) times per week, the stool consistency assessed by Bristol stool form scale and the difficulty in defecation were also improved as compared with the baseline (all P<0.05). Furthermore, improvements in experimental group were superior to those in control group (all P<0.05). No allergic and other adverse events were reported during the test, and there were no significant changes in blood, urine, stool routine and blood biochemical indices before and after the test. Conclusions: The compound fructose-oligosaccharide fiber granule tested in this study is proved to have laxative effect and is safety for functional constipation. The testing program is scientific and of feasibility, and may provide a methodology basis for human oral administration trials of laxative functional food.