Objective:To explore the effect of carboxylated polyamidoamine (PAMAM-COOH) in combination with magnesium ions on the remineralization ability of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in inducing remineralization of dentin collagen fibers in a 50% ethanol solution.Methods:Forty-five intact third molars extracted for impaction reasons were obtained from the College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University. Two types of demineralized dentin specimens were prepared: ①Fully demineralized dentin ( n=30), specimens were immersed in 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (pH=7.4) at room temperature for 14 days with daily solution refreshment; ②Partially demineralized dentin ( n=15), specimens were treated with 37% phosphoric acid gel (Ultra-Etch, Ultradent) for 15 seconds followed by thorough rinsing with deionized water. Three remineralization groups were established for demineralized dentin treatment: ①Control group, 50% ethanol solution; ②ACMP group, 50% ethanol solution containing amorphous magnesium calcium phosphate (ACMP); ③PAMAM-COOH/ACMP group, 50% ethanol solution incorporating carboxylated polyamidoamine dendrimer-modified ACMP (PAMAM-COOH/ACMP). The chemical composition of remineralization solutions was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The morphology and particle size distribution of nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The fully demineralized dentin specimens were treated with three different remineralization solutions (37 ℃ for 7 days) respectively. The mineralization of the dentin collagen fibers surface was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the distribution of minerals inside and outside the collagen fibers was examined by using TEM. The partially demineralized dentin specimens were treated with fluorescence-labeled remineralization solutions (37 ℃ for 7 days) respectively, followed by analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to quantitatively evaluate the penetration depth of the mineralization agents. Results:FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to phosphate (PO 43-) groups, carbon-nitrogen bonds, and amide linkages in the PAMAM-COOH/ACMP nanocomposite. TEM observed that the PAMAM-COOH/ACMP nanoparticles exhibited an average particle size of (36.85±8.02) nm in an amorphous state. SEM observation indicates continuous mineral deposition on dentin collagen fibers in the PAMAM-COOH/ACMP group, while no mineral deposition in the control group and only minimal deposition in the ACMP group. TEM showed no mineral deposition inside or outside the collagen fibers in the control group, only external mineral deposition in the ACMP group, and high-density mineral deposition both inside and outside the fibers in the PAMAM-COOH/ACMP group. CLSM analysis revealed a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05) in the depth of mineralized substances entering dentin tubules between ACMP group and PAMAM-COOH/ACMP group. Conclusions:The remineralization system of 50% ethanol solution incorporating PAMAM-COOH/ACMP successfully achieved the internal and external mineralization of demineralized dentin collagen fibers.

Objective To assess the exposure levels of heavy metals,including lead,arsenic,mercury,and cadmium,in the local population in Sichuan and Chongqing,China,to compare and analyze the differences in reference intervals(RIs)obtained from direct and indirect sampling methods,and to explore the interchangeability and limitations of these two sampling methods.Methods RIs were obtained by the direct sampling method and the indirect sampling method.In the direct sample method,the levels of blood arsenic,urinary cadmium,urinary mercury,and blood lead levels of 5562 healthy participants aged 22-50 years in Sichuan and Chongqing,China were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Using the human biomonitoring(HBM)data,we established RIs for the population by a nonparametric method.On the other hand,in the indirect sampling method,RIs were established via a nonparametric method based on data from the laboratory information system(LIS)of a local hospital after stratifying healthy individuals using a Gaussian mixture model(GMM).Comparative analysis of the RIs derived from the two sampling methods were then conducted.Results The RI for blood arsenic was 0.11-1.3 μmol/L.The RI for urinary cadmium was 0.51-2.80 μmol/mol creatine for adults aged 22 to under 43 years and 0.66-2.96 μmol/mol creatine for adults aged 43-50 years.The RI for urinary mercury was 0.12-1.10 μmol/mol creatine.The RI for blood lead was 14.00-47.00 pg/L for adults aged 22 to under 41 year,16.00-53.38 pg/L for males aged 41-50 year,and 15.00-51.02 pg/L for females aged 41-50 year.Most of the RIs established by the direct sampling method had a narrower range compared to those established by the indirect sampling method,and the RIs established by both sampling methods were partially biased.Conclusions The RIs for blood arsenic,urine cadmium,urine mercury,and blood lead in healthy individuals aged 22-50 years in Sichuan and Chongqing,China were established using both direct and indirect sampling methods,which contributes to a better understanding of environmental exposure to metals in the general population and provides a reference for metal poisoning.For data from the same lab,the GMM-based indirect sampling method demonstrated relatively consistent performance in establishing RIs compared with the direct sampling method.

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing scheme based on self-regulation theory (SRT) on self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with chronic pancreatitis, and to provide basis for better promoting patients′ rehabilitation.Methods:Using a non-random historical control study, 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis admitted to The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from November 2021 to October 2022 were classified as the control group, and 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis admitted from November 2022 to October 2023 were classified as the research group. The control group received routine nursing intervention, while the research group received SRT-based nursing intervention. Both groups received a 3-month intervention. The General Self-Efficacy Scale, Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale, Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale, and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index were used to evaluate the self-efficacy, self-care ability, health behavior, and quality of life of two groups before and after the intervention, and statistical comparisons were made.Results:Both groups of patients completed the study. There were 28 males and 27 females in the control group. The age was (45.33 ± 12.26) years old. There were 30 males and 25 females in the research group. The age was (45.48 ± 12.61) years old. After the intervention, the score of the self-efficacy in the research group was (29.32 ± 2.88) points, which was higher than that in the control group (19.28 ± 1.95) points, the difference was significant ( t=21.41, P<0.05). The scores of self-care skills, self-responsibility, self-concept, health knowledge and the total score of the self-care ability in the research group were (35.32 ± 2.31), (22.85 ± 1.42), (25.88 ± 1.93), (64.32 ± 5.22), (148.34 ± 8.33) points respectively. They were all higher than those of the control group (28.66 ± 1.77), (17.22 ± 1.23), (18.67 ± 1.86), (60.08 ± 4.52), (124.56 ± 8.92) points. The differences were significant ( t values were 4.55-22.23, all P<0.05). The scores of exercise, nutrition, health responsibility, psychological comfort and the total score of the health behavior in the research group were (25.58 ± 1.41), (25.02 ± 2.03), (24.31 ± 2.34), (25.16 ± 1.63), (100.05 ± 7.36) points respectively. They were all higher than those of the control group (22.31 ± 2.03), (20.15 ± 2.82), (20.16 ± 2.89), (21.15 ± 2.17), (83.79 ± 7.84) points. The differences were significant ( t values were 8.28-11.21, all P<0.05). The scores of social activity, psychological state, physiological function, self-conscious symptoms and the total score of the quality of life in the research group were (16.78 ± 1.26), (17.03 ± 1.85), (22.43 ± 1.96), (17.09 ± 0.88), (73.41 ± 4.22) points respectively. They were all higher than those of the control group (15.32 ± 1.15), (15.34 ± 1.76), (20.86 ± 1.59), (16.03 ± 0.75), (67.52 ± 4.18) points. The differences were significant ( t values were 4.61-7.35, all P<0.05). Conclusions:SRT-based nursing scheme can effectively improve the self-efficacy and self-care ability of patients with chronic pancreatitis, and improve their health behavior and quality of life.

Objective:To explore the effect of carboxylated polyamidoamine (PAMAM-COOH) in combination with magnesium ions on the remineralization ability of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in inducing remineralization of dentin collagen fibers in a 50% ethanol solution.Methods:Forty-five intact third molars extracted for impaction reasons were obtained from the College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University. Two types of demineralized dentin specimens were prepared: ①Fully demineralized dentin ( n=30), specimens were immersed in 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (pH=7.4) at room temperature for 14 days with daily solution refreshment; ②Partially demineralized dentin ( n=15), specimens were treated with 37% phosphoric acid gel (Ultra-Etch, Ultradent) for 15 seconds followed by thorough rinsing with deionized water. Three remineralization groups were established for demineralized dentin treatment: ①Control group, 50% ethanol solution; ②ACMP group, 50% ethanol solution containing amorphous magnesium calcium phosphate (ACMP); ③PAMAM-COOH/ACMP group, 50% ethanol solution incorporating carboxylated polyamidoamine dendrimer-modified ACMP (PAMAM-COOH/ACMP). The chemical composition of remineralization solutions was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The morphology and particle size distribution of nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The fully demineralized dentin specimens were treated with three different remineralization solutions (37 ℃ for 7 days) respectively. The mineralization of the dentin collagen fibers surface was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the distribution of minerals inside and outside the collagen fibers was examined by using TEM. The partially demineralized dentin specimens were treated with fluorescence-labeled remineralization solutions (37 ℃ for 7 days) respectively, followed by analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to quantitatively evaluate the penetration depth of the mineralization agents. Results:FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to phosphate (PO 43-) groups, carbon-nitrogen bonds, and amide linkages in the PAMAM-COOH/ACMP nanocomposite. TEM observed that the PAMAM-COOH/ACMP nanoparticles exhibited an average particle size of (36.85±8.02) nm in an amorphous state. SEM observation indicates continuous mineral deposition on dentin collagen fibers in the PAMAM-COOH/ACMP group, while no mineral deposition in the control group and only minimal deposition in the ACMP group. TEM showed no mineral deposition inside or outside the collagen fibers in the control group, only external mineral deposition in the ACMP group, and high-density mineral deposition both inside and outside the fibers in the PAMAM-COOH/ACMP group. CLSM analysis revealed a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05) in the depth of mineralized substances entering dentin tubules between ACMP group and PAMAM-COOH/ACMP group. Conclusions:The remineralization system of 50% ethanol solution incorporating PAMAM-COOH/ACMP successfully achieved the internal and external mineralization of demineralized dentin collagen fibers.

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing scheme based on self-regulation theory (SRT) on self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with chronic pancreatitis, and to provide basis for better promoting patients′ rehabilitation.Methods:Using a non-random historical control study, 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis admitted to The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from November 2021 to October 2022 were classified as the control group, and 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis admitted from November 2022 to October 2023 were classified as the research group. The control group received routine nursing intervention, while the research group received SRT-based nursing intervention. Both groups received a 3-month intervention. The General Self-Efficacy Scale, Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale, Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale, and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index were used to evaluate the self-efficacy, self-care ability, health behavior, and quality of life of two groups before and after the intervention, and statistical comparisons were made.Results:Both groups of patients completed the study. There were 28 males and 27 females in the control group. The age was (45.33 ± 12.26) years old. There were 30 males and 25 females in the research group. The age was (45.48 ± 12.61) years old. After the intervention, the score of the self-efficacy in the research group was (29.32 ± 2.88) points, which was higher than that in the control group (19.28 ± 1.95) points, the difference was significant ( t=21.41, P<0.05). The scores of self-care skills, self-responsibility, self-concept, health knowledge and the total score of the self-care ability in the research group were (35.32 ± 2.31), (22.85 ± 1.42), (25.88 ± 1.93), (64.32 ± 5.22), (148.34 ± 8.33) points respectively. They were all higher than those of the control group (28.66 ± 1.77), (17.22 ± 1.23), (18.67 ± 1.86), (60.08 ± 4.52), (124.56 ± 8.92) points. The differences were significant ( t values were 4.55-22.23, all P<0.05). The scores of exercise, nutrition, health responsibility, psychological comfort and the total score of the health behavior in the research group were (25.58 ± 1.41), (25.02 ± 2.03), (24.31 ± 2.34), (25.16 ± 1.63), (100.05 ± 7.36) points respectively. They were all higher than those of the control group (22.31 ± 2.03), (20.15 ± 2.82), (20.16 ± 2.89), (21.15 ± 2.17), (83.79 ± 7.84) points. The differences were significant ( t values were 8.28-11.21, all P<0.05). The scores of social activity, psychological state, physiological function, self-conscious symptoms and the total score of the quality of life in the research group were (16.78 ± 1.26), (17.03 ± 1.85), (22.43 ± 1.96), (17.09 ± 0.88), (73.41 ± 4.22) points respectively. They were all higher than those of the control group (15.32 ± 1.15), (15.34 ± 1.76), (20.86 ± 1.59), (16.03 ± 0.75), (67.52 ± 4.18) points. The differences were significant ( t values were 4.61-7.35, all P<0.05). Conclusions:SRT-based nursing scheme can effectively improve the self-efficacy and self-care ability of patients with chronic pancreatitis, and improve their health behavior and quality of life.

Objective To explore the effects of a specialist nurse-led nutrition management program on the nutritional status of children with leukemia during induction remission chemotherapy.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,45 children with leukemia who received induction remission chemotherapy in a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province from December 2023 to May 2024 were selected as an experimental group,and the specialist nurse-led nutrition management program was implemented.A total of 45 children with leukemia who admitted to the same hospital to receive induction remission chemotherapy from August to November 2023 were selected as a control group,and routine nursing care was provided.The duration of the intervention was 45 days,and the children's mid-upper arm circumference,BMI,serum albumin and pre-protein concentration were compared between the 2 groups before and after the intervention,and post-intervention satisfaction of their parents was also compared.Results 2 cases were lost to follow-up during the study,and finally 44 cases were included in both the experimental group and the control group.After the intervention,mid-upper arm circumference,BMI,and serum albumin concentration in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in pre-protein concentration between the 2 groups(P=0.199);the satisfaction of parents in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).Conclusion Implementation of a specialist nurse-led nutrition management program is helpful in improving mid-upper arm circumference and BMI in children with leukemia during induction and remission chemotherapy,as well as their serum albumin concentration and parental satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets on slow transit constipation(STC)rats.Methods A total of 30 SPF grade Wistar adult female rats were blinded and divided into control group,model group,live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets low-dose(0.270g/kg),live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets medium dose group(0.540g/kg),live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets high-dose group(1.080g/kg),and positive drug group(prucalopride succinate tablet)(0.180mg/kg),with 5 rats in each group.A rat model of STC was established by gavage of loperamide hydrochloride.After successful modeling,medication was administered by gavage for 14 consecutive days on the basis of continued modeling.Observe the changes in general physical signs,fecal water content,and calculate intestinal motility in each group of rats.Using HE staining to observe pathological changes in colon tissue,immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the protein expression of receptor tyrosine kinase(c-Kit),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor(5-HT3R),and 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor(5-HT4R)in rat colon tissue.Results Compared with control group,frequency of defecation,fecal water content and intestinal propulsion speed of STC model rats were significantly decreased.The expression levels of proteins such as c-Kit,5-HT,5-HT3R,and 5-HT4R in intestinal tissues were significantly reduced in STC model rats.Compared with STC model group,rats treated with low,medium and high doses of live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets and positive drug groups showed a significant increase in bowel frequency,fecal water content,and intestinal motility after intervention.Compared with STC model group,frequency of defecation,fecal water content,intestinal propulsion rate and protein expression of c-Kit,5-HT,5-HT3R and 5-HT4R in rat intestinal tissues were significantly increased after intervention of live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets low,medium and high dose groups.Conclusion This study confirms that probiotic preparation live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets effectively improves slow transit constipation by promoting the proliferation of Cajal interstitial cells in the colon,increasing the expression of 5-HT,5-HT3R,and 5-HT4R,enhancing intestinal peristalsis,and achieving the therapeutic effect on STC rats.

Ocular accommodation refers to the process by which the ciliary muscle creates a clear image of the object in the retina by changing the refractive power of the lens. When the accommodation ability of the eye is insufficient, the imaging focus falls on the region behind the retina and hyperopic defocus is easily formed, resulting in axial growth and leading to the development of myopia, and it is found that most myopic patients usually have some accommodation dysfunction. Myopia has become a public health problem in China, and the prevalence of adolescents has increased dramatically. How to prevent and stop the occurrence and development of myopia is a major challenge. Previous studies have found that ocular accommodation dysfunction is associated with the occurrence and development of myopia, and the measurement of parameters related to accommodation function has certain guiding significance for the prevention and control of myopia. The purpose of this paper is to review the correlation between myopia and ocular accommodation function, with a view to providing new ideas for the prevention, control and treatment of myopia.

Objective To explore the effects of a specialist nurse-led nutrition management program on the nutritional status of children with leukemia during induction remission chemotherapy.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,45 children with leukemia who received induction remission chemotherapy in a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province from December 2023 to May 2024 were selected as an experimental group,and the specialist nurse-led nutrition management program was implemented.A total of 45 children with leukemia who admitted to the same hospital to receive induction remission chemotherapy from August to November 2023 were selected as a control group,and routine nursing care was provided.The duration of the intervention was 45 days,and the children's mid-upper arm circumference,BMI,serum albumin and pre-protein concentration were compared between the 2 groups before and after the intervention,and post-intervention satisfaction of their parents was also compared.Results 2 cases were lost to follow-up during the study,and finally 44 cases were included in both the experimental group and the control group.After the intervention,mid-upper arm circumference,BMI,and serum albumin concentration in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in pre-protein concentration between the 2 groups(P=0.199);the satisfaction of parents in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).Conclusion Implementation of a specialist nurse-led nutrition management program is helpful in improving mid-upper arm circumference and BMI in children with leukemia during induction and remission chemotherapy,as well as their serum albumin concentration and parental satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets on slow transit constipation(STC)rats.Methods A total of 30 SPF grade Wistar adult female rats were blinded and divided into control group,model group,live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets low-dose(0.270g/kg),live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets medium dose group(0.540g/kg),live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets high-dose group(1.080g/kg),and positive drug group(prucalopride succinate tablet)(0.180mg/kg),with 5 rats in each group.A rat model of STC was established by gavage of loperamide hydrochloride.After successful modeling,medication was administered by gavage for 14 consecutive days on the basis of continued modeling.Observe the changes in general physical signs,fecal water content,and calculate intestinal motility in each group of rats.Using HE staining to observe pathological changes in colon tissue,immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the protein expression of receptor tyrosine kinase(c-Kit),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor(5-HT3R),and 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor(5-HT4R)in rat colon tissue.Results Compared with control group,frequency of defecation,fecal water content and intestinal propulsion speed of STC model rats were significantly decreased.The expression levels of proteins such as c-Kit,5-HT,5-HT3R,and 5-HT4R in intestinal tissues were significantly reduced in STC model rats.Compared with STC model group,rats treated with low,medium and high doses of live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets and positive drug groups showed a significant increase in bowel frequency,fecal water content,and intestinal motility after intervention.Compared with STC model group,frequency of defecation,fecal water content,intestinal propulsion rate and protein expression of c-Kit,5-HT,5-HT3R and 5-HT4R in rat intestinal tissues were significantly increased after intervention of live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets low,medium and high dose groups.Conclusion This study confirms that probiotic preparation live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets effectively improves slow transit constipation by promoting the proliferation of Cajal interstitial cells in the colon,increasing the expression of 5-HT,5-HT3R,and 5-HT4R,enhancing intestinal peristalsis,and achieving the therapeutic effect on STC rats.