ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of sex on phenotypic stability in mouse models of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP) or paclitaxel (PTX), and to explore potential mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity in female mice. MethodsTwenty-eight wild-type specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6J mice (half male and half female) aged 6-8 weeks were selected for synchronous back hair removal. On the 9th day after hair removal (T0), the mice were randomly divided into a wild-type female CYP group, a wild-type male CYP group, a female negative control group and a male negative control group. Mice in the CYP groups were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 120 mg/kg CYP, and mice in the negative control groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline. Subsequently, the phenotypic changes of the CIA model induced by CYP were continuously observed and photographed. Eleven 6-week-old SPF female C57BL/6J mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX group). Following successful surgery, these mice and five XY (Sry⁻) mice bred from Four Core Genotypes breeding stock were used to establish the chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) model using the same protocol. Serum was collected from mice in the OVX group, wild-type female CYP group, and wild-type male CYP group on T7 after CYP administration for steroid hormone analysis by mass spectrometry to evaluate the effects of gonadal estrogen and sex chromosome background changes on the stability of the CYP-induced female alopecic phenotype. Finally, twenty SPF C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks (half male and half female) were randomly divided into a PTX low-dose group and a PTX high-dose group. On the 9th day after simultaneous hair removal, PTX was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 80 mg/kg or 120 mg/kg, respectively. Mice from the PTX low-dose group and the PTX high-dose group were continuously observed and photographed to compare the intra-group consistency of the phenotypes of female and male mice. Six SPF C57BL/6J mice (half male and half female) aged 6-8 weeks were used to repeat the construction method of the PTX low-dose group, and the hair follicle histological examination was performed at T0, T4, T7, T14 and T21, respectively, to observe the damage caused by PTX to hair follicle regeneration. ResultsThe phenotypes of CYP-induced male CIA mice are stable and reproducible. There are obvious individual differences in the alopecia phenotype in the CYP-induced female CIA model mice, which may be mainly caused by the differences in the relevant estrogens in the estrous cycle. The difference between OVX+CYP group and XY (Sry⁻) +CYP group disappeared, suggesting that ovarian-derived hormones and XY (Sry⁻) sex chromosome background may be involved in the formation of phenotypic heterogeneity of CYP-induced alopecia in female mice. The mice in the high-dose PTX group and the low-dose PTX group showed a relatively consistent alopecia and regrowth process, and there was no significant sex difference. ConclusionCYP-induced CIA is strongly influenced by sex, and ovariectomy or alteration of the sex chromosome background can improve the consistency of CYP-induced alopecic phenotypes in female mice. PTX-induced CIA shows good phenotypic consistency in both female and male mice, indicating broad applicability across sexes. Taken together, the choice of animal sex in CIA model construction, mechanistic studies, and evaluation of anti-alopecia interventions should take into account the type of chemotherapeutic agent, the study objective, and the required degree of phenotypic stability. Sex should therefore be considered an important variable in model standardization and interpretation of experimental findings.

Objective:To investigate the effects of anterolateral wide pedicled double dynamic flap of the calf in repair of soft tissue defects of mid-and forefoot.Methods:From September 2015 to Septemler 2020, 15 cases with severe soft tissue defects of mid-and forefoot were repaired with the anterolateral wide pedicled double dynamic flap of the calf. There were 11 males and 4 females with an average age of 37(range, 22-53)years old. Of the 15 cases, the defects were caused by traffic accident in 6 cases and objects smash in 9 cases. Three cases were simple soft tissue defect, and 12 cases combined with fracture or dislocation and bone defect. The size of soft tissue defects ranged from 4 cm×5 cm to 7 cm×12 cm. All wounds of donor sites were repaired by skin grafting. All patients entered follow-ups at the outpatient clinic or through WeChat. The appearance of flaps and limb recovery were recorded after surgery.Results:All cases followed-up for 6-24 (mean, 16) months. Two days after surgery, 1 case had flap swelling and cyanosis, which was improved after pedicle suture removal and surface bloodletting. The pedicle of the flap was slightly bloated in 4 cases, and the texture and appearance were good in 11 cases. The ankle function of all cases recovered satisfactorily. The ranges of ankle motion were 15°-20° for dorsiflexion and 30°-40° for plantar flexion. The donor site healed well and all the skin grafts survived.Conclusion:The anterolateral wide pedicled double dynamic flap of the calf is one of the ideal flaps for repairing the soft tissue defects of the mid-and forefoot with reliable blood supply, sufficient venous return, simple operation and no require a vascular anastomosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on FTO gene rs9939609 with metabolism index and obesity in children. Methods One hundred and fifty-three children (age 7-11 year) were recruited in this study, 102 of them were obese and 51 of them were overweight. One hundred and sixty children with normal body weight were recruited as control. Height, weight and biochemical indicator of liver function were measured. PCR and direct sequence were applied to detect the polymorphism of rs9939609, and the frequency of the allele was calculated. Results TT or TA/AA genotype frequency on FTOgene rs9939609 was significantly different among overweight group, obesity group and normal con-trol group (χ2=23.01, P<0.001);TA/AA genotype frequency in overweight and obesity group was significant higher than that in the control group(P<0.014). The frequencies of T and A allele in overweight group, obesity group and control group was 96.25%and 3.75%, 85.29%and 14.71%, 85.78%and 14.22%respectively. There was significant difference of allelic frequency among overweight group, obesity group and control group (χ2=21.72, P<0.001). The frequency of A allele in overweight and obe-sity group was higher than that in control group (P'<0.014). Subjects with TA/AA allele had significantly higher BMI compared with subjects with TT allele. Conclusions rs9939609 of FTO gene is associated with obesity in children, and allele A on this spot may raise BMI and leads to overweight and obesity.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of monitoring blood glucose in term infants with asphyxia. Methods The blood glucouse within 24 hours of admission and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed in full-term neonates with asphyxia admitted from January, 2011 to December, 2012. Results Among 256 term infants with asphyxia, 95 cases (37.11%) had abnormal blood glucose, 63 cases (24.61%) were hypoglycemia and 32 (12.50%) were hyperglycemia. The incidence of mild asphyxia and severe asphyxia, the number of damaged organ were significantly different among infants with hypoglycemia, normal blood glucose, and hyperglycemia (all P<0.001). Among 256 term infants, 206 cases were mild asphyxia, 50 cases were serve asphyxia. The incidence of abnormal blood glucose and hyperglycemia were significantly higher in infants with serve asphyxia than those in infants with mild asphyxia (P<0.01). Among 256 term infants, 227 cases (88.67%) had organ damaged. 96 cases involved one organ, 72 cases involved two organs, and 59 cases involved three or more organs. The incidence of abnormal blood glucose, hypoglycemia, hyperglucemia were significantly different among infants invoved one, two or threr and more organs. The incidence of hyperglycemia was the highest in infants with three or more organ damaged, and the incidence of hypoglycemia was the highest in infants with two organ damaged. Conclusions The term infants with severe asphyxia and more organ damaged were prone to with abnormal blood glucose.