Objective To explore the relationship between the head injury criterion(HIC)values in anterior-posterior(AP)collisions and lateral-medial(LM)collisions.Methods A total of 102 male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group of 0 m(6 rats),4 AP groups(12 rats/group)and 4 LM groups(12 rats/group).After adaptive training,the classical Marmarou model was used to execute the brain AP and LM collisions under a series of different height impacts,and the HIC values were calculated.The experimental group data of the walk-pole test and grip strength test were collected at 24 hours before and after injury,and the data of the proportion of hemorrhage in the corpus callosum and pyramidal tracts were collected at 24 hours after injury.Results As the collision heights increased in both AP and LM groups,there were positive correlations with changes in WP test time and peak GS,and corresponding increases in the proportion of hemorrhage in the cc and py.According to the mathematical relationships between the comprehensive injury degrees and HIC values,it was found that at the same injury degree,LM-HIC value was less than AP-HIC value.A mathematical relationship between AP-HIC and LM-HIC was fitted based on the comprehensive injury degrees.At the same HIC,LM group experienced more severe injuries,and AP group was more tolerant to head collision.Conclusion The injury severity in LM group is greater than that of AP group at the same HIC.Preliminary results show there is a linear mathematical relationship between AP-HIC and LM-HIC.These results can be expected to expand the application scope of HIC and achieve an accurate assessment of the LM collision severity.

Objective To explore the relationship between the head injury criterion(HIC)values in anterior-posterior(AP)collisions and lateral-medial(LM)collisions.Methods A total of 102 male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group of 0 m(6 rats),4 AP groups(12 rats/group)and 4 LM groups(12 rats/group).After adaptive training,the classical Marmarou model was used to execute the brain AP and LM collisions under a series of different height impacts,and the HIC values were calculated.The experimental group data of the walk-pole test and grip strength test were collected at 24 hours before and after injury,and the data of the proportion of hemorrhage in the corpus callosum and pyramidal tracts were collected at 24 hours after injury.Results As the collision heights increased in both AP and LM groups,there were positive correlations with changes in WP test time and peak GS,and corresponding increases in the proportion of hemorrhage in the cc and py.According to the mathematical relationships between the comprehensive injury degrees and HIC values,it was found that at the same injury degree,LM-HIC value was less than AP-HIC value.A mathematical relationship between AP-HIC and LM-HIC was fitted based on the comprehensive injury degrees.At the same HIC,LM group experienced more severe injuries,and AP group was more tolerant to head collision.Conclusion The injury severity in LM group is greater than that of AP group at the same HIC.Preliminary results show there is a linear mathematical relationship between AP-HIC and LM-HIC.These results can be expected to expand the application scope of HIC and achieve an accurate assessment of the LM collision severity.

Objective:To describe the dietary intake and influencing factors of energy intake in patients with gastric cancer at home.Methods:The research tools including Food Frequency Questionnaire,Digestive Cancer Patients Nutrition Knowledge,Attitude and Practice Questionnaire,and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score were used to collect information on home oral nutrition intake,nutritional knowledge,attitudes,and physical status of patients with gastric cancer.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the relevant factors that affect the achievement of oral energy intake standards.Results:A total of 160 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed in this study.Overall,21.9%did not reach energy intake target.The results of Logistic regression showed the nutritional knowledge level of the patients(Waldχ2=18.42,P<0.001)and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score(Waldχ2=11.16,P=0.011)were independent factors related to substandard energy intake in gastric cancer patients.Conclusion:The dietary energy intake of most gastric cancer patients reached the recommended target amount,and the nutritional knowledge and activity of the patients affect the energy intake,suggesting that medical staff can intervene in the patients whose energy intake does not meet the standard from the aspects of nutritional knowledge and activities.

Objective To investigate the equivalent conversion of head injury criterion(HIC)under anterior-posterior(AP)and lateral-medial(LM)craniocerebral impact for mild craniocerebral injury in rats using motor evoked potential(MEP)and β-amyloid precursor protein(β-APP)immunohistochemistry(IHC).Methods Sixty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 0 m control group,0.5 m-AP and 0.5 m-LM injury groups,and 1 m-AP and 1 m-LM injury groups(12 rats in each group).The control group did not undergo any impact injury experiment.After the impact injury experiment,the injury and control groups were subjected to excessive anesthesia to produce β-APP immunohistochemical stained slices,and the percentage of positive area and integral optical density(IOD)in the brainstem pyramidal tract area of the slices were determined.The MEP groups were divided in the same manner as the IHC groups and the MEP amplitudes of the MEP and control groups were measured after the impact injury experiment.Results With an increase in the degree of injury,the decrease in MEP amplitude,percentage of positive areas,and IOD in the injury groups significantly increased.When the degree of injury was low,the sensitivity of IHC was higher than that of MEP.When the degree of injury was the same,the HIC in the LM direction was lower than that in the AP direction.When the HIC was the same,the degree of injury in the LM direction was greater than that in the AP direction.Conclusions The joint evaluation of MEP and β-APP can provide experimental references for the study of HIC equivalent conversion in AP-LM craniocerebral impact injury.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of auditory neuropathy (AN) patients with normal hearing or mild hearing loss.Methods:Data from Multicenter Study on Clinical Diagnosis and Intervention of Acoustic Neuropathy (registration number: ChiCTR2100050125). According to the Chinese clinical practice guideline of auditory neuropathy (version 2022), these patients divided into two groups: the normal hearing group (PTA Normal, PTA N group, the average hearing threshold<20 dB HL) and the mild hearing loss group (PTA Mild hearing loss, PTA M group, the average hearing threshold between 20-35 dBHL). The audiology characteristics, clinical features, and follow-up were analyzed. Data analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism 8 and SPSS 20.0 software. Results:A total of 75 AN with normal hearing or mild hearing loss were included in this study. The PTA N group consisted of 19 patients (38 ears), including 12 males and 7 females. The average onset age was (16.9±4.5) years old, while the test age was (22.1±5.8) years old for PTA N group. The PTA M group consisted of 56 patients (112 ears), including 29 males and 27 females. The average onset age was (16.2±7.9) years old, while the test age was (23.9±9.0) yeas old for PTA M group. The average hearing threshold of low frequency (0.125-0.5 kHz) was significantly decreased. ABR disappeared in 86.00% (126/150) of the patients. The speech recognition rate was 71.80±22.44% in the PTA N group and 58.08±29.28% in the PTA M group.-SP/AP was 0.98±0.47 in the PTA N and 1.07±0.63 in PTA M group; 40 (53.33%) patients had tinnitus. 29 patients (58 ears) were followed up, including 10 patients (20 ears) in the PTA N group and 19 patients (38 ears) in the PTA M group. There was no significant change in hearing threshold in short-term follow-up (<3 years). With the extension of the disease duration (>3 years), the PTA N group tended to decrease at low frequency, and the PTA M group decreased at high frequency first. The hearing threshold at 0.25 kHz in the PTA N group and 4 kHz in the PTA M group decreased significantly. Conclusions:AN patients with normal hearing or mild hearing loss exhibit abnormal results in audiological examination results, including ABR, electrocochleography and speech discrimination score. A combination of audiological tests should be used to make the diagnosis of AN. With the progression of the disease, AN with normal hearing or mild hearing loss tends to decrease.

Objective:To describe the dietary intake and influencing factors of energy intake in patients with gastric cancer at home.Methods:The research tools including Food Frequency Questionnaire,Digestive Cancer Patients Nutrition Knowledge,Attitude and Practice Questionnaire,and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score were used to collect information on home oral nutrition intake,nutritional knowledge,attitudes,and physical status of patients with gastric cancer.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the relevant factors that affect the achievement of oral energy intake standards.Results:A total of 160 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed in this study.Overall,21.9%did not reach energy intake target.The results of Logistic regression showed the nutritional knowledge level of the patients(Waldχ2=18.42,P<0.001)and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score(Waldχ2=11.16,P=0.011)were independent factors related to substandard energy intake in gastric cancer patients.Conclusion:The dietary energy intake of most gastric cancer patients reached the recommended target amount,and the nutritional knowledge and activity of the patients affect the energy intake,suggesting that medical staff can intervene in the patients whose energy intake does not meet the standard from the aspects of nutritional knowledge and activities.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨1,25-二羟维生素D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]对食管鳞状细胞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma，ESCC）细胞增殖、迁移和细胞周期的影响及其相关机制。方法：用不同浓度1,25(OH)2D3处理ESCC细胞TE-11、KYSE30、TE-1和KYSE510后，用CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖能力。再用浓度分别是0、0.1、0.15、0.2 μmol/L的1,25(OH)2D3处理TE-11和KYSE30细胞，划痕愈合实验、流式细胞术分别检测细胞的迁移能力和细胞周期分布情况，WB法检测细胞中cyclin D1、P27、ERK和p-ERK蛋白的表达水平。结果：1,25(OH)2D3显著抑制TE-11和KYSE30细胞的增殖能力，其抑制程度呈时间依赖性和浓度依赖性。0.1和0.2 μmol/L的1,25(OH)2D3处理48 h后，与空白对照组比较，TE-11和KYSE30细胞的迁移能力均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01），处于G0/G1期细胞显著增加（P<0.05或P<0.01），细胞中cyclin D1和p-ERK蛋白水平显著下调、P27蛋白水平明显上调（P<0.05或P<0.01）而ERK蛋白的表达无明显变化。结论：1,25(OH)2D3显著抑制ESCC细胞的增殖和迁移能力并阻滞细胞周期进程，其可能通过调控ERK信号通路而发挥作用。

Objective To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided arterial catheterization in internships of anesthesiology.Methods Sixty students were randomly divided into ultrasound-guided teaching group(n=30,3 male) and traditional teaching group (n=30,4 male).In the two groups,the ultrasound-guided arterial catheterization technology and artery catheterization technique were adopted respectively for teaching.The success rate of arterial catheterization was compared between the two groups after 2 months internships and when finishing internships of anesthesiology.The questionnaire was investigated in ultrasoundguided teaching group after finished internships of anesthesiology.Results The success rate of arterial catheterization in ultrasound-guided teaching group was extremely higher than in traditional teaching group after 2 months internships of anesthesiology (52 ± 8)％ vs.(38 ± 10)％,(x2=7.746,P=0.005).After finishing internships of anesthesiology,the success rate of arterial catheteri-zation was (67±7)％ in ultrasound-guided teaching group and (59 ± 9)％ in traditional teaching group (x2=5.531,P=0.036).And all students thought ultrasound-guided arterial catheters teaching was helpful to them and could improve their learning interest.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided arterial catheterization is beneficial to the internship teaching of undergraduate of anesthesiology,which can help them to master the arterial catheterization technique better,and improve the success rate of arterial catheterization and their learning interest.

The formative assessment system has been applied to the internship education for the clinical anesthesia with the aim to improve students' initiative and to evaluate their outcomes more compre-hensively. The students' performance in the shift exchange, case discussion, raising question, solving question at the time points of after the preclinical train, one month and 3 months into the anesthesia internship, and after the completion of internship, and their capability in preoperative patient assessment, condition report, clinical practice, review writing have been evaluated to determine the educational quality and to instruct the improvement of educational approach. Assess process takes into account both the individuality and the gen-eral character of the students and feedbacks the evaluation result to improve the practice teaching The im-plementation of the evaluation can promote students' autonomous learning and comprehensively evaluate students' practice process.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the recovery rate of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in children, and explore the prognostic factors in order to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: A retrospective review was conducted for the prognosis of children with sudden sensorineural hearing loss during the past 5 years (from November 2010 to May 2015) in Chinese PLA General Hospital. This paper have a complete clinical data of 101 patients (113 ears)with sudden hearing loss, ranging from 0 to 18 years old Patients were divided into four groups according to hearing recovery and eight putative prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULT: Among 101 patients (113 ears), the ratio of male and female was 60:53. Treatment was initiated from 1 to 183 days after disease onset, with an average of (18.5 ± 22.1) d. Bilateral and unilateral hearing loss were 24 ears and 89 ears, respectively. The proportion of mild hearing loss, moderate hearing loss, severe hearing loss and profound hearing loss were 7.1%, 6.2%, 23.9% and 62.8%, respectively. Vertigo and tinnitus occurred in 54.9% and 77.9% of the patients, respectively. After the treatment, the complete recovery rate was 9.7% and the overall recovery rate was 36.3%. The degree of hearing loss, earlier treatment onset, sex and bilateral involvement were significantly associated with hearing recovery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sudden sensorineural hearing loss in children was generally identified as severe and profound hearing loss, but after positive and timely treatment, it can be improved or even cured. The mild hearing loss, earlier treatment onset, unilateral hearing loss and female were positive prognostic factors. The concurrence of tinnitus or vertigo, the results of ABR and DPOAE had no significant influence on prognosis.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; diagnosis ; Hearing Loss, Unilateral ; diagnosis ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tinnitus ; complications ; Vertigo ; complications