Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a promising therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to its essential role in cancer cell metabolism and survival. The natural compound γ-Elemene exhibits potent anti-tumor activity, but its effects on mitochondrial regulation in TNBC remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that γ-Elemene induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-468 and HCC1806 TNBC cells while significantly impairing mitochondrial function, as shown by reduced membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation capacity, and ATP production. γ-Elemene treatment markedly suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis, decreasing mitochondrial DNA content and downregulating key mitochondrial genes and proteins. These effects were associated with reduced expression of the master regulators NRF1 and TFAM, but independent of PGC-1α expression levels.Mechanistically, γ-Elemene upregulated the acetyltransferase GCN5, leading to enhanced PGC-1α acetylation. This upregulation occurs primarily through increased GCN5 transcription. Genetic ablation of GCN5 completely reversed γ-Elemene-induced PGC-1α acetylation and restored mitochondrial biogenesis and cell viability, establishing a critical role for GCN5 in mediating these effects. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby γ-Elemene disrupts mitochondrial function in TNBC through GCN5-mediated PGC-1α acetylation, providing new insights into its anti-cancer properties and potential therapeutic applications against TNBC.

Aim To mine the competing ceRNA net-works associated with programmed cell death in the pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis(AS)based on bioinformatics,in order to identify new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AS.Methods Firstly,the GSE97210 and GSE28858 datasets were screened from the GEO database.Differentially ex-pressed lncRNA,mRNA and miRNA were identified,following which a IncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed in Cytoscape 3.7.2 software based on ceRNA theory.Second,GO and KEGG en-richment analysis of mRNA in the ceRNA network was performed.Finally,the mRNAS within the ceRNA net-work were compared with genes related to autophagy,pyroptosis and ferroptosis to establish a ceRNA network related to programmed cell death.Results A total of 1208 DElncRNAS,4723 DEmRNAS and 139 DEmiR-NAS were identified.A ceRNA network was estab-lished,comprising 64 lncRNAS,8 miRNAS and 167 mRNAS.The mRNAS within the CeRNA network were mainly enriched in biological processes such as positive regulation of transcription and migration,protein bind-ing,and signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt signa-ling pathway,and mTOR signaling pathway.Finally,this study established 7 lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regu-latory pathways associated with pyroptosis and 23 ln-cRNA-mediated regulatory pathways for ferroptosis and autophagy.Conclusion This study has successfully constructed a ceRNA network related to programmed cell death,which helps us understand the mechanism by which programmed cell death leads to AS.

Aim To study the mechanism of adipose mesenchymal stem cell exosomes(ASC-exo)inhibition of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-induced atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods The mouse age,extrac-tion method,and the concentration of a solution of typeⅠ collagen enzyme and other conditions were compared to study the effects on the morphology and quantity of adipose mesenchymal stem cells(ASCs)after extrac-ted.FITC-induced mouse model in vivo was estab-lished and different doses of ASC-exo were given to measure ear thickness,ear weight and ear scratching times of mice.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of ear tissue of mice.The non-toxicity of ASC-exo was detected.IgE,IL-5,IL-13 and other cytokines were detected by ELISA.The gene ex-pressions of TSLP,IL-33,occludin,Claudin-1(CLDN-1)and E-cadherin were detected by RT-qPCR.The protein expression was detected by immunohistochemis-try.Results An efficient method for extracting ASCs was established.Compared with the blank group,mice in the model group showed obvious AD symptoms.Compared with the model group,ASC-exo administra-tion group significantly reduced the number of ear scratches,epidermal thickening,inflammatory cell infil-tration and the secretion of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13.Meanwhile,ASC-exo administration group signifi-cantly increased the expression of structural proteins CLDN-1 and occludin in epithelial cells and decreased the expression of TSLP and IL-33.Conclusions ASC-exo can significantly improve Th2 skin inflamma-tion in AD mice,and its mechanism may be through in-creasing the expression of tight junction proteins and adhesion link protein in epithelial cells,repairing the skin barrier,and inhibiting the key promoters of allergy TSLP and IL-33.

Aim To study the mechanism of adipose mesenchymal stem cell exosomes(ASC-exo)inhibition of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-induced atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods The mouse age,extrac-tion method,and the concentration of a solution of typeⅠ collagen enzyme and other conditions were compared to study the effects on the morphology and quantity of adipose mesenchymal stem cells(ASCs)after extrac-ted.FITC-induced mouse model in vivo was estab-lished and different doses of ASC-exo were given to measure ear thickness,ear weight and ear scratching times of mice.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of ear tissue of mice.The non-toxicity of ASC-exo was detected.IgE,IL-5,IL-13 and other cytokines were detected by ELISA.The gene ex-pressions of TSLP,IL-33,occludin,Claudin-1(CLDN-1)and E-cadherin were detected by RT-qPCR.The protein expression was detected by immunohistochemis-try.Results An efficient method for extracting ASCs was established.Compared with the blank group,mice in the model group showed obvious AD symptoms.Compared with the model group,ASC-exo administra-tion group significantly reduced the number of ear scratches,epidermal thickening,inflammatory cell infil-tration and the secretion of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13.Meanwhile,ASC-exo administration group signifi-cantly increased the expression of structural proteins CLDN-1 and occludin in epithelial cells and decreased the expression of TSLP and IL-33.Conclusions ASC-exo can significantly improve Th2 skin inflamma-tion in AD mice,and its mechanism may be through in-creasing the expression of tight junction proteins and adhesion link protein in epithelial cells,repairing the skin barrier,and inhibiting the key promoters of allergy TSLP and IL-33.

Aim To mine the competing ceRNA net-works associated with programmed cell death in the pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis(AS)based on bioinformatics,in order to identify new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AS.Methods Firstly,the GSE97210 and GSE28858 datasets were screened from the GEO database.Differentially ex-pressed lncRNA,mRNA and miRNA were identified,following which a IncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed in Cytoscape 3.7.2 software based on ceRNA theory.Second,GO and KEGG en-richment analysis of mRNA in the ceRNA network was performed.Finally,the mRNAS within the ceRNA net-work were compared with genes related to autophagy,pyroptosis and ferroptosis to establish a ceRNA network related to programmed cell death.Results A total of 1208 DElncRNAS,4723 DEmRNAS and 139 DEmiR-NAS were identified.A ceRNA network was estab-lished,comprising 64 lncRNAS,8 miRNAS and 167 mRNAS.The mRNAS within the CeRNA network were mainly enriched in biological processes such as positive regulation of transcription and migration,protein bind-ing,and signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt signa-ling pathway,and mTOR signaling pathway.Finally,this study established 7 lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regu-latory pathways associated with pyroptosis and 23 ln-cRNA-mediated regulatory pathways for ferroptosis and autophagy.Conclusion This study has successfully constructed a ceRNA network related to programmed cell death,which helps us understand the mechanism by which programmed cell death leads to AS.

Icaritin(ICT)is an 8-isopentenylflavonoid,which is the main effective component of the tra-ditional Chinese medicine Epimedium.Previously,we found that Icaritin inhibits the growth of glioblasto-ma(GBM)cells.Herein we aim to study the in vivo anti-GBM effectiveness of Icaritin and explore its mechanism.The results of MTT assay,flow cytometry,comet assay and cellular immunofluorescence as-say in vitro showed that ICT inhibited the proliferation of four kinds of GBM cells,U87,U251,U118 and A172,induced early apoptosis(P＜0.001)and late apoptosis(P＜0.05)in U87 cells,induced DNA damage in U87 cells,and blocked the growth of U87 cells at the G0/G1 phase(P＜0.0001)in a concen-tration-time-dependent manner.In vivo subcutaneous tumor transplantation tumor experiments showed that feeding 200 mg/kg(P＜0.01)and 400 mg/kg(P＜0.001)ICT had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of GBM subcutaneous tumors,and had no significant toxic effects on heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney tissues.The results of network pharmacological analysis,molecular docking and cellular thermodynamic experiments showed that there were 26 possible target proteins between ICT and GBM,a-mong which the expression of p53 in GBM tissues was significantly(P＜0.001)higher than in normal tis-sues,and the binding energy of ICT and p53 was lower;cellular thermodynamic experiments verified that ICT significantly enriched the level of p53 in the living cells of GBM,which indicated that ICT could tar-get p53.The expression of key proteins in the DNA damage repair and apoptosis-associated FOXO signa-ling pathway was detected by ICT.The results showed that the expression of ATR(P＜0.01),P53(P＜0.001),P21(P＜0.05)and γ-H2AX(P＜0.05)was up-regulated,whereas the expression of Cyc-lin E1(P＜0.01),E2F1(P＜0.05),CDK2(P＜0.01),Rb(P＜0.001),p-Rb(P＜0.0001)and WRN(P＜0.0001)expression were down-regulated.There was no significant change in the expres-sion of FOXO 1 in the FOXO pathway or a significant down-regulation of its phosphorylation level.This study demonstrated that ICT could effectively inhibit the growth of GBM cells in vivo.It targets p53 to regulate the DNA damage repair pathway and FOXO signaling pathway to induce GBM cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis and dual antiplatelet therapy in the treatment of acute mild non-disabling ischemic stroke.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 138 patients with acute mild non-disabling ischemic stroke[National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score≤5]from January 2022 to March 2024,within 6 h of onset.Patients were divided into an intravenous thrombolysis group(66 cases)and a dual antiplatelet group(72 cases).Propensity score matching was used to match patients 1∶1,resulting in 44 patients in each group after matching.Demographic data,clinical data,clinical outcome indicators,and adverse events were collected.The primary outcome was defined as a good functional outcome[modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score 0-2]at 90 d post-onset.Secondary outcomes included NIHSS scores at 24 h,72 h,and 7 d post-onset;the proportion of early neurological deterioration;intracranial and systemic hemorrhagic events within 90 d post-onset;and death within 90 d.Results ①Before matching,the intravenous thrombolysis group had a lower age and admission mRS score than that of the dual antiplatelet group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).After matching,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,gender,hypertension,diabetes,cardiac disease,atrial fibrillation,hyper low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),hyperhomocysteinemia,prior stroke,prior smoking,admission NIHSS score,admission mRS score,location of stroke and TOAST classification(all P＞0.05);②There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with a good functional outcome at 90 d post-onset and the mRS score at 90 d between the intravenous thrombolysis group and the dual antiplatelet group[88.6％(39/44)vs 93.2％(41/44),P=0.458,P=0.308];③ The intravenous thrombolysis group had significantly lower median NIHSS scores at 24 h and 72 h post-onset compared to the dual antiplatelet group,with statistically significant differences[1 vs 2.5,1 vs 2,P=0.018,0.043].There were no statistically significant differences in the other efficacy and safety outcomes.Conclusions Intravenous thrombolysis therapy can bring significant short-term benefits to patients with acute mild non-disabling ischemic stroke,helping to shorten the time to recovery to a good neurological functional outcome,and does not increase the risk of bleeding and mortality.However,in terms of good functional outcomes at 90 d post-onset,its effects are similar to those of dual antiplatelet therapy.Nevertheless,there is an urgent need for larger sample,higher quality clinical studies to further validate these findings.

Objective To verify the applicability of a pig STR multiplex amplification system for detecting processed foods containing pork and their digestive samples,and to evaluate its potential in food safety and forensic biological evidence analysis.Methods DNA profiles were obtained using the pig STR amplification system from food samples with different levels of processing(raw pork,boiled pork,fried pork,and sausage)and from digestive samples(rat gastric contents).The influence of processing methods on DNA integrity was assessed.The uniformity of large-scale processed ham products,the consistency of DNA profiles from different parts of the same sample,and the DNA degradation patterns after rat digestion were examined.Results STR profiling of pig DNA was successful in all tested samples.Short fragments showed high amplification stability,while long fragment signals weakened with increasing processing complexity.In processed ham products,DNA profiles were consistent across all sampled parts,with fragment drift within±0.5 bp.Analysis of rat gastric contents showed slight DNA degradation within 2 hours;after 3 hours,long fragment signals weakened,and after 4 hours,some loci signals were lost.Conclusion The pig STR multiplex amplification system exhibits excellent performance in detecting processed pork products and their digestive samples.It can meet the requirements of food traceability and forensic biological evidence analysis for processed pork,providing new insights for the advancement of forensic testing techniques in this field.

Objective To collect and analyze outpatient prescription data for exogenous cough treatment from a hospital in Shenzhen,and to identify the characteristics and medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods This study collected prescriptions from a hospital in Shenzhen for exogenous cough treatment in January 2024.R language for data mining were used to analyze the medication frequency,clustering patterns,and association rules in the treatment of exogenous cough by TCM and to explore the medication patterns and the usage of classic formulas in TCM for this condition.Results A total of 451 outpatient prescriptions for exogenous cough were include,the top ten most frequently used herbs were Licorice,Bitter almond,Bellflower,Ephedra,Tangerine peel,Stemonae radix,Tuckahoe,Pinellia ternata,Nepeta,Bulb of thunberg fritillary.Cluster analysis and association rules revealed that San'ao decoction,Kikyodon soup,and Zhisou powder were commonly prescribed,targeting lung function,dispersing wind,and resolving phlegm to effectively alleviate cough symptoms.Significant differences in medication usage were observed across different syndrome types.For the wind cold attacking lung pattern,the core herbs were warm in nature and focused on dispersing with acrid-warm properties.Conversely,the treatment of wind heat attacking the lung pattern typically involved cold-natured herbs,with a primary focus on clearing and draining lung heat.Stratification by age revealed that the pediatric group often used drugs with mild properties,such as Stemona and Shegan.The young adult group tended to be prescribed cold-natured drugs like Forsythia and Hogfonnel Root.The middle-aged and elderly group preferred warming and tonifying drugs such as Japanese Catnip and Perilla frutescens.Conclusion The TCM treatment of exogenous cough primarily focuses on releasing the exterior and dispersing the lung.Due to the region's subtropical monsoon climate and temperature fluctuations physicians flexibly modified classical formulas such as San'ao decoction and Zhisou powder according to individual constitutions and symptom patterns.This targeted,syndrome-based approach effectively disperses the lung qi,stops cough and transforms phlegm,and alleviates cough.

Objective To collect and analyze outpatient prescription data for exogenous cough treatment from a hospital in Shenzhen,and to identify the characteristics and medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods This study collected prescriptions from a hospital in Shenzhen for exogenous cough treatment in January 2024.R language for data mining were used to analyze the medication frequency,clustering patterns,and association rules in the treatment of exogenous cough by TCM and to explore the medication patterns and the usage of classic formulas in TCM for this condition.Results A total of 451 outpatient prescriptions for exogenous cough were include,the top ten most frequently used herbs were Licorice,Bitter almond,Bellflower,Ephedra,Tangerine peel,Stemonae radix,Tuckahoe,Pinellia ternata,Nepeta,Bulb of thunberg fritillary.Cluster analysis and association rules revealed that San'ao decoction,Kikyodon soup,and Zhisou powder were commonly prescribed,targeting lung function,dispersing wind,and resolving phlegm to effectively alleviate cough symptoms.Significant differences in medication usage were observed across different syndrome types.For the wind cold attacking lung pattern,the core herbs were warm in nature and focused on dispersing with acrid-warm properties.Conversely,the treatment of wind heat attacking the lung pattern typically involved cold-natured herbs,with a primary focus on clearing and draining lung heat.Stratification by age revealed that the pediatric group often used drugs with mild properties,such as Stemona and Shegan.The young adult group tended to be prescribed cold-natured drugs like Forsythia and Hogfonnel Root.The middle-aged and elderly group preferred warming and tonifying drugs such as Japanese Catnip and Perilla frutescens.Conclusion The TCM treatment of exogenous cough primarily focuses on releasing the exterior and dispersing the lung.Due to the region's subtropical monsoon climate and temperature fluctuations physicians flexibly modified classical formulas such as San'ao decoction and Zhisou powder according to individual constitutions and symptom patterns.This targeted,syndrome-based approach effectively disperses the lung qi,stops cough and transforms phlegm,and alleviates cough.