ObjectiveThe full name of vertebroplasty is percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). It is a clinical technique that injects bone cement into the diseased vertebral body to achieve strengthening of the vertebra. The research on the safety and efficacy of bone cement is the basis for clinical application. In this study, vertebroplasty is used to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of Tecres and radiopaque bone cement in experimental pigs, and to determine the puncture method suitable for pigs and the pre-clinical evaluation method for the safety and efficacy of bone cement. MethodsTwenty-four experimental pigs (with a body weight of 60-80 kg) were randomly divided into an experimental group (Group A) and a control group (Group B). Group A was the Tecres bone cement group, and Group B was the radiopaque bone cement group, with 12 pigs in each group. Under the monitoring of a C-arm X-ray machine, the materials were implanted into the 1st lumbar vertebra (L1) and 4th lumbar vertebra (L4) of the pigs via percutaneous puncture using the unilateral pedicle approach. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks and 26 weeks after the operation, respectively. The L4 vertebrae were taken for compressive strength testing, and the L1 vertebrae were taken for hard tissue pathological examination to observe the inflammatory response, bone necrosis, and degree of osseointegration at the implantation site. ResultsThe test results of compressive strength between groups A and B showed no significant difference at 4 weeks and 26 weeks after bone cement implantation (P > 0.05). Observation under an optical microscope (×100) revealed that at 4 weeks postoperatively, both groups A and B showed that the bone cement was surrounded by proliferative fibrous tissue, with lymphocyte infiltration around it. The bone cement was combined with bone tissue, the trabecular arrangement was disordered, and osteoblasts and a small amount of osteoid were formed. At 26 weeks postoperatively, bone cement was visible in both groups A and B. The new bone tissue was mineralized, the trabeculae were fused, the trabecular structure was regular and dense with good continuity, and no obvious inflammatory reaction was observed. ConclusionIn experimental pig vertebrae, there were no significant differences observed in the compressive strength, inflammation response, bone destruction, and integration with the bone between Tecres and non-radiopaque bone cement. Both exhibited good biocompatibility and osteogenic properties. It indicates that using vertebroplasty to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bone cement in pigs is scientifically sound.

Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family 6(SLAMF6)is widely expressed in T,B lymphocytes,NK cells and other immune cells.As a self-binding receptor for homotypic interactions,SLAMF6 is a type Ⅰ transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily,composed of the proximal IgC2 domain and distal IgV domain,the extracellular membrane,and three unique tyrosine cytoplasmic signaling motifs.This article summarizes the structure,expression,function and implication for au-toimmunity and tumor immunity of SLAMF6.

Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family 6(SLAMF6)is widely expressed in T,B lymphocytes,NK cells and other immune cells.As a self-binding receptor for homotypic interactions,SLAMF6 is a type Ⅰ transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily,composed of the proximal IgC2 domain and distal IgV domain,the extracellular membrane,and three unique tyrosine cytoplasmic signaling motifs.This article summarizes the structure,expression,function and implication for au-toimmunity and tumor immunity of SLAMF6.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib combined with camrelizumab as the second-line treatment for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Methods:The clinical data of patients with advanced ICC undergoing the second-line treatment of lenvatinib combined with camrelizumab in the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2021 to June 2022 were screened and analyzed. A total of 12 patients were enrolled, including seven males and five females, aged (67.5±8.6) years. Response evaluation criteria in solid tumor 1.1 was used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. The safety assessment adopts the Adverse Event Evaluation Standard 5.0. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to plot survival curves.Results:Among the 12 patients (after 1-7 cycles of immune and targeted therapy), three achieved partial response, four achieved stable disease, and five were defined as progression disease. Adverse events of different degrees occurred in seven cases, among which three patients had adverse events of grade ≥ 3: one with hypertension, which was managed after antihypertensive and symptomatic treatment; one with elevated serum total bilirubin, which was improved after reducing the dose of lenvatinib; one with liver dysfunction, which was considered as immune-related liver toxicity and alleviated after discontinuing camrelizumab. The 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month survival rates and progression-free survival rates of the patients were 100.0%, 91.7%, 66.7%, and 83.3%, 41.7%, and 25.0%, respectively. The median overall survival of patients was 14.7 months (95% CI: 9.2-21.2) and the median time to progression was 8.0 months (95% CI: 4.1-11.9). Conclusion:Combination of lenvatinib and camrelizumab could bring survival benefits with controllable adverse events as the second-line treatment of patients with advanced ICC.

Objective:To explore the perioperative effect of radial artery as a sequential graft in coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods:The clinical data and perioperative complications of 109 patients, who underwent radial artery(RA) or great saphenous vein(SVG) as a sequential graft during CABG from April 2020 to December 2020 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, were analyzed, there were 86 males and 23 females, aged from 39 to 79 years, with an average of(61.1±8.0)years old. According to the graft materials, they were divided into the RA group(n=47) and SVG group(n=62).Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, comorbidities, echocardiographic results, transplant vascular indexes, coronary angiography results, and operation methods(on-pump or off-pump, use of left internal mammary artery, number and distribution of distal anastomoses)( P>0.05). There were also no significant difference between the two groups in ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay and drainage with 24 hours after CABG( P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative cerebrovascular events, postoperative infection and secondary thoracotomy in the RA group were higher than that in the SVG group. The incidence of myocardial infarction, postoperative ventricular arrhythmia and postoperative IABP assistance in the SVG were higher than that in the RA group, but the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:The application of radial artery as a sequential graft during CABG does not increase the risk of perioperative complications, and the patients recover smoothly.

Objective    To explore coronary angiographic characteristics in patients with symptomatic recurrence after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods    We performed a retrospective study of 997 patients with symptomatic recurrence after CABG in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2010 to 2020. There were 762 males and 235 females, with an average age of 62.41±8.70 years. Results    There was a high prevalence of risk factors like hypertension, diabetes and a history of smoking. Diseased arterial grafts accounted for 27.44% while saphenous vein graft 54.40%; 240 (24.07%) patients had all patent grafts. The main lesion characteristics of diseased grafts were chronic total occlusion lesions (79.57%). Most patients had more diseased native vessels after CABG than before. The type C coronary artery disease in native vessels relevant to ischemic area occurred in 674 (67.60%) patients; 525 (52.66%) patients with recurrent symptom after CABG had both diseased grafts and diseased native vessels. Conclusion     Graft status in patients with symptomatic recurrence after CABG is worse than we expected. The majority have newly developed lesions both in grafts and native vessels. Native vascular lesions will continue to progress after CABG.

The functional coupling between motor cortex and effector muscles during autonomic movement can be quantified by calculating the coupling between electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and surface electromyography (sEMG) signal. The maximal information coefficient (MIC) algorithm has been proved to be effective in quantifying the coupling relationship between neural signals, but it also has the problem of time-consuming calculations in actual use. To solve this problem, an improved MIC algorithm was proposed based on the efficient clustering characteristics of K-means ++ algorithm to accurately detect the coupling strength between nonlinear time series. Simulation results showed that the improved MIC algorithm proposed in this paper can capture the coupling relationship between nonlinear time series quickly and accurately under different noise levels. The results of right dorsiflexion experiments in stroke patients showed that the improved method could accurately capture the coupling strength of EEG signal and sEMG signal in the specific frequency band. Compared with the healthy controls, the functional corticomuscular coupling (FCMC) in beta (14~30 Hz) and gamma band (31~45 Hz) were significantly weaker in stroke patients, and the beta-band MIC values were positively correlated with the Fugl-Meyers assessment (FMA) scale scores. The method proposed in this study is hopeful to be a new method for quantitative assessment of motor function for stroke patients.
Algorithms ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Motor Cortex ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Stroke

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features and factors related to recurrence in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 279 patients with CSCC diagnosed by histopathology in department of dermatology, plastic surgery, burns and oral and maxillofacial surgery of People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2008 to 2019 were collected. They were divided into relapse group ( n=114) and non relapse group ( n=165) according to postoperative recurrence. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to analyze the related factors of CSCC recurrence. Results:Among 279 patients with CSCC surgery, the ratio of male to female was about 1.82∶1; the average age of onset (59.3±14.2)years, age ≥60 years (58.1%) was significantly higher; the average course of disease was 24 months; the incidence of exposed sites (88.2%) was significantly higher than that of non-exposed sites (11.8%); the degree of pathological differentiation was 182(65.2%) cases; postoperative wound healing: good 244 cases (87.5%), poor healing 35 cases (12.5%); first postoperative pathological margin: 239(85.7%) negative and 40(14.3%) positive; 60(21.5%) cases had lymph node metastasis occurred at the CSCC of diagnosis, and 219(78.5%) did not occur. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression showed that the course of disease, the location of the disease, the healing of the postoperative area, the pathological condition of the first incision margin, and whether there was lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis were related to the recurrence of CSCC ( OR all >1.6). In addition, the correlation between gender, age, lesion length, preoperative skin ulceration, pathological differentiation, adjuvant radiotherapy and other factors on the recurrence of CSCC was not clear, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The course of disease (≥ 20 months), the site of the disease (the exposed part of the head), the wound healing (poor), the pathological condition of the first margin (positive) and the lymph node metastasis (with metastasis) were the risk factors for recurrence of CSCC. Early and accurate diagnosis is of great significance for the prognosis of CSCC, especially for patients with independent risk factors, early sentinel lymph node biopsy can detect metastasis and deal with it in time, so as to improve the prognosis of CSCC patients.

【Objective】 To provide data reference for the implementation of the homogenization of pre-donation blood testing by investigating the relevant situation of pre-donation blood testing in various blood services in Chongqing and analyzing their differences. 【Methods】 A questionnaire covering the basic information of pre-donation blood testing items, quality control and the management of deferral donors was developed, and issued to 19 blood services in Chongqing through E-mails by Chongqing Society of Blood Transfusion. The data collected were sorted, revised and analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 19 questionnaires from 19 blood services(including 1 blood center, 1 sub-center, 6 central blood stations and 11 central blood banks) were collected. All of the pre-donation blood test items of 19 blood services met the Blood Donor Health Test Requirements. Hemoglobin, blood group, ALT and HBsAg testing were carried out by 19 blood services, anti-TP testing by 15, and lipid blood testing by 11, using different detection methods and reagents. Significant differences were found in the frequency and rules of internal quality control for quantitative testing items. In addition, the deferral time and re-recruitment strategy of deferral blood donors were also significantly different. 【Conclusion】 There were differences in the management of pre-donation blood testing and blood donor management after blood donation among blood services in Chongqing. Further standardization was needed to realize regional homogenization and guarantee blood safety and the safety of blood donors.

Objective:To explore the resistance to protease inhibitors (PI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) of HIV-1 CRF55_01B and the transmission of drug-resistant strains among HIV-1 CRF55_01B infected patients before antiviral treatment in China.Methods:HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma samples of the patients infected with CRF55_01B in the national surveillance of HIV drug resistance before antiviral treatment in 2018. A 1 056 bp gene fragment of protease/reverse transcriptase (PR/RT) region and an 846 bp gene fragment of integrase (IN) region were obtained and sequenced. Drug resistance was analyzed by using all drugs included in the Stanford University HIV db Program, HIV-1 molecular network analysis was performed with software HIV-TRACE and polymorphism mutations of CRF55_01B integrase gene region were analyzed.Results:A total of 178 samples from 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China were analyzed, and 170 sequences of CRF55_01B PR/RT region and 170 sequences of IN region of corresponding samples were obtained. The drug resistance rate was 15.3% (26/170). The drug resistance rates of PIs, NRTIs, NNRTIs and INSTIs were 1.2% (2/170), 1.2% (2/170), 15.3% (26/170), 0.6% (1/170), respectively. The level of drug resistance was mostly low. NNRTIs drug resistance mutations were mainly V179D/E co-appeared with other mutations, and 84.1% (143/170) of the infected patients carrying V179D/E alone showed potential drug resistance. INSTIs drug resistance mutation was G163R, and showed low resistance to EVG and RAL. The molecular network access rate was 30.0%(51/170)according to the 0.9% gene distance threshold. The resistant strains were transmitted between men with homosexual transmission and heterosexually transmitted people, and both carried resistant mutations E138G and V179E. In the integrase region, CRF55_01B and CRF01_AE and B subtypes showed high mutation frequency difference in 5 sites (T215A、G134N、I135V, K136R and L101I/V).Conclusions:Before antiviral treatment, CRF55_01B infected patients in China had a high resistance to NNRTIs. Strains carrying both E138G and V179E resistance mutations were transmitting in clusters. The prevalence of CRF55_01B integrase inhibitor resistant strains is low, but some genetic polymorphisms with high mutation rate in the integrase gene region have potential influence on drug sensitivity. The influence of drug resistance of new recombinant strains on antiviral therapy in China needs to be further monitored and analyzed.