Objective: To delineate the epidemiologic profile of rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (RR-PTB) among students in Chongqing, so as to provide evidence for effectively controlling RR-PTB outbreaks in schools. Methods: Individual level surveillance records of 395 student RR-PTB cases reported from 2015 to 2024 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to quantify temporal trends in the registration rate of student RR-PTB cases, and the comparison of RR-PTB registration rates with different demographic characteristics and different regions was performed using Chi-square test. Results: From 2015 to 2024, a total of 395 student RR-PTB cases were identified, with the registration rate ranged from 0.07 per 100 000 to 1.47 per 100 000, showed a fluctuating upward trend ( AAPC= 35.22%, t =4.13, P <0.01). A turning point was detected in 2017, rates rose during 2015-2017 (APC=295.23%， t =4.62， P < 0.01 ) and plateaued thereafter (APC=-0.47%， t =-0.12， P =0.91). The proportion of RR-PTB cases occurring among students increased both among all RR-PTB cases (1.54% in 2015, 7.48% in 2024) and all student pulmonary tuberculosis cases (0.20% in 2015, 7.17% in 2024), with significant linear trends ( χ 2 trend =33.55,159.98, both P <0.01). The majority of cases were enrolled in senior high school (50.38%), classified as retreatment (53.92%), of Han ethnicity (75.95%), and diagnosed with multidrug resistant tuberculosis(53.16%). There were significant differences in the composition of different ethnicity, registration category and resistance pattern between different years( χ 2=23.47, 17.23, 59.64，all P <0.05). The South-Eastern Wuling Mountainous Region exhibited the highest notification rate (3.96 per 100 000), whereas the western region had the lowest rate ( 0.47 per 100 000). County level jurisdictions reported higher rates than district level ones (2.16 per 100 000 vs 0.63 per 100 000 ). Statistically significant differences were observed in the RR-PTB reported rates among students across different districts and counties( χ 2=418.05,167.05,both P <0.01). Conclusions From 2015 to 2024, the registration rate of detected student RR-PTB cases in Chongqing showed an increasing trend. Students have become one of the key populations for drug resistant TB prevention and control. Intensified health education and active case finding should be implemented to enhance proactive surveillance capabilities.

Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of serum CXC chemokine ligand 9(CXCL9)and neurogranin(NG)and the condition and prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 93 confirmed AIS patients(case group)admitted to Xuzhou First People's Hospi-tal from September 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the research subjects.Another 80 physically healthy individuals with similar gender and age to the case group during the same period were selected as the control group.The case group was divided into the mild group(n=27),the moderate group(n=41),and the severe group(n=25)based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score.Three months after treatment,they were divided into the good prognosis group(n=71)and the poor prognosis group(n=22)based on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)score.The levels of serum CXCL9 and NG in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and other clinical data were collected.The correlations be-tween serum CXCL9,NG and NIHSS score and mRS score were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correla-tion analysis.The influencing factors of poor prognosis were analyzed by Logistic regression,and the predic-tive value of poor prognosis was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of serum CXCL9 and NG in the case group increased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Compared with the mild group,the levels of serum CXCL9 and NG in the moderate group and the severe group increased.The levels of serum CXCL9 and NG in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Serum CXCL9 and NG were positively correlated with NIHSS score and mRS score(P＜0.05).Com-pared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had a larger cerebral infarction volume,a more severe condition,and higher levels of serum CXCL9 and NG,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Elevated serum CXCL9 and NG were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in AIS patients(OR=1.667,1.589,P＜0.05).The area under the curve of serum CXCL9,NG and their combination for pre-dicting poor prognosis was 0.828,0.809 and 0.931,respectively,and the predictive value of the combination of the two was greater than that of any single indicator(Z=2.556,2.783,P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum CXCL9 and NG are upregulated in AIS patients and are related to the disease condition and prognosis.Early combined detection can assist in clinical assessment of the disease severity and prediction of the risk of poor prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between screen time and content, and the mental health status of adolescents. The findings will inform the formulation of targeted intervention policies to enhance adolescent mental health.Methods:Between September and November 2023, 5 197 students from 64 junior high, senior high, and vocational schools across 13 districts in Wuhan were recruited, using the stratified whole-cluster random sampling to investigate their screen behavior and mental health status. Mental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory for Chinese Middle School Students (MMHI-60). A generalized additive model was used to explore the nonlinear association between screen time and mental health status. Additionally, a mixed-effects model was utilized to explore the dose-response associations between average daily total screen time, screen time for different content types, and adolescents' mental health status and the impact of the proportion of different screen contents on mental health outcomes.Results:The age of the participants was (14.40±1.48) years, with 56.07% being boys. The MMHI-60 score averaged 1.73±0.70. The M( Q1,Q3) for daily total screen time was 50.00 (0.00,128.57) minutes. The M( Q1,Q3) for screen time dedicated to gaming, studying, socializing, and watching videos were 0.00 (0.00, 20.00), 8.57 (1.64, 44.50), 4.28 (0.00, 30.00), and 0.00 (0.00, 25.71) minutes, respectively. A non-linear association was observed between average daily screen time and adolescent mental health problem score, 0-1 hour of daily screen time was beneficial for adolescent mental, compared to no screen time. However, screen time exceeding 1 hour was detrimental, with the negative impact increasing alongside screen time duration. When total daily screen time was held constant, the proportion of time spent on gaming ( β=0.14, 95% CI: 0.05-0.23, P=0.003) and video ( β=0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.28, P<0.001) was positively correlated with mental health problems, whereas the proportion of time spent on studying was negatively correlated with mental health problems ( β=-0.17, 95% CI: -0.24 - -0.11, P<0.001). Conclusions:Moderate screen time is advantageous for adolescent mental health. However, it is crucial to minimize the proportion of screen time dedicated to video and gaming activities to mitigate potential adverse effects.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between screen time and content, and the mental health status of adolescents. The findings will inform the formulation of targeted intervention policies to enhance adolescent mental health.Methods:Between September and November 2023, 5 197 students from 64 junior high, senior high, and vocational schools across 13 districts in Wuhan were recruited, using the stratified whole-cluster random sampling to investigate their screen behavior and mental health status. Mental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory for Chinese Middle School Students (MMHI-60). A generalized additive model was used to explore the nonlinear association between screen time and mental health status. Additionally, a mixed-effects model was utilized to explore the dose-response associations between average daily total screen time, screen time for different content types, and adolescents' mental health status and the impact of the proportion of different screen contents on mental health outcomes.Results:The age of the participants was (14.40±1.48) years, with 56.07% being boys. The MMHI-60 score averaged 1.73±0.70. The M( Q1,Q3) for daily total screen time was 50.00 (0.00,128.57) minutes. The M( Q1,Q3) for screen time dedicated to gaming, studying, socializing, and watching videos were 0.00 (0.00, 20.00), 8.57 (1.64, 44.50), 4.28 (0.00, 30.00), and 0.00 (0.00, 25.71) minutes, respectively. A non-linear association was observed between average daily screen time and adolescent mental health problem score, 0-1 hour of daily screen time was beneficial for adolescent mental, compared to no screen time. However, screen time exceeding 1 hour was detrimental, with the negative impact increasing alongside screen time duration. When total daily screen time was held constant, the proportion of time spent on gaming ( β=0.14, 95% CI: 0.05-0.23, P=0.003) and video ( β=0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.28, P<0.001) was positively correlated with mental health problems, whereas the proportion of time spent on studying was negatively correlated with mental health problems ( β=-0.17, 95% CI: -0.24 - -0.11, P<0.001). Conclusions:Moderate screen time is advantageous for adolescent mental health. However, it is crucial to minimize the proportion of screen time dedicated to video and gaming activities to mitigate potential adverse effects.

Objective To analyze the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)among healthcare workers(HCWs)in Chongqing City from 2019 to 2023,and provide reference for the pre-vention and control of tuberculosis among HCWs.Methods The registered data of PTB cases in Chongqing from 2019 to 2023 were collected from China Information System for Disease Prevention and Control.The three-dimen-sional distribution of registration rate,changing trend,and treatment characteristics of PTB among HCWs were an-alyzed using retrospective descriptive analysis method.Results A total of 646 HCWs PTB cases were registered in Chongqing from 2019 to 2023,and the average annual registration rate was higher than that of the entire population(52.34/100 000 vs 46.00/100 000).The registration rate in 2019-2023 showed an overall downward trend.The average annual registration rate of PTB among HCWs in hospitals was the highest(59.87/100 000),followed by primary medical institutions(41.62/100 000)and other medical institutions(35.21/100 000).The epidemic period of PTB among HCWs was March-June each year,with seasonal indices of 133.75％,100.31％,113.31％,and 117.03％,respectively.The average annual registration rate of PTB among HCWs in the southeast town of Chongqing was the highest(121.21/100 000),followed by the northeast town of Chongqing(89.51/100 000),while the lowest was in the main urban area(34.47/100 000).The registration rate of PTB among HCWs gradually decreased with the increase of age(P＜0.05).Compared with the whole population,the proportions of female PTB cases among HCWs(76.01％),25-＜35 age group(57.89％),pathogen negative(48.14％),active detected ca-ses(5.73％),initial treatment cases(95.82％),and cases using fixed-dose combination of PTB(74.15％)were all higher(all P＜0.05).The delay rate of seeking medical treatment was lower in HCWs than that in the entire popu-lation(52.63％vs 69.12％),and the success rate of treatment was higher(91.49％vs 84.19％)(both P＜0.05).Conclusion The registration rate of PTB among HCWs in Chongqing has been declining year by year,with diffe-rential distribution in different medical institutions and regions,presenting seasonal changes.The majority of cases are aged＜35 years old,and have high pathogen negative rate and high initial treatment rate.Targeted prevention and control strategies need to be developed based on occupational exposure characteristics.

Objective To analyze the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)among healthcare workers(HCWs)in Chongqing City from 2019 to 2023,and provide reference for the pre-vention and control of tuberculosis among HCWs.Methods The registered data of PTB cases in Chongqing from 2019 to 2023 were collected from China Information System for Disease Prevention and Control.The three-dimen-sional distribution of registration rate,changing trend,and treatment characteristics of PTB among HCWs were an-alyzed using retrospective descriptive analysis method.Results A total of 646 HCWs PTB cases were registered in Chongqing from 2019 to 2023,and the average annual registration rate was higher than that of the entire population(52.34/100 000 vs 46.00/100 000).The registration rate in 2019-2023 showed an overall downward trend.The average annual registration rate of PTB among HCWs in hospitals was the highest(59.87/100 000),followed by primary medical institutions(41.62/100 000)and other medical institutions(35.21/100 000).The epidemic period of PTB among HCWs was March-June each year,with seasonal indices of 133.75％,100.31％,113.31％,and 117.03％,respectively.The average annual registration rate of PTB among HCWs in the southeast town of Chongqing was the highest(121.21/100 000),followed by the northeast town of Chongqing(89.51/100 000),while the lowest was in the main urban area(34.47/100 000).The registration rate of PTB among HCWs gradually decreased with the increase of age(P＜0.05).Compared with the whole population,the proportions of female PTB cases among HCWs(76.01％),25-＜35 age group(57.89％),pathogen negative(48.14％),active detected ca-ses(5.73％),initial treatment cases(95.82％),and cases using fixed-dose combination of PTB(74.15％)were all higher(all P＜0.05).The delay rate of seeking medical treatment was lower in HCWs than that in the entire popu-lation(52.63％vs 69.12％),and the success rate of treatment was higher(91.49％vs 84.19％)(both P＜0.05).Conclusion The registration rate of PTB among HCWs in Chongqing has been declining year by year,with diffe-rential distribution in different medical institutions and regions,presenting seasonal changes.The majority of cases are aged＜35 years old,and have high pathogen negative rate and high initial treatment rate.Targeted prevention and control strategies need to be developed based on occupational exposure characteristics.

Objective: To understand the current situation of school tuberculosis prevention and control system and the implementation of daily prevention and control measures, and to provide a reference for strengthening the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools. Methods: A random sampling method was used to select schools where on site questionnaire survey was carried out, including 156 junior high schools, 78 senior high schools and 6 universities. SPSS 25.0 was used for descriptive analysis and chi square test. Results: The average annual screening rates of junior high school, senior high school and university from 2015 to 2020 were 58.84%, 71.71% and 84.41% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=61 247.39， P <0.01). The average annual TB detection rates were 8.69/10 5, 50.89/10 5 and 36.51/10 5 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=101.20， P <0.01). The screening rate of TB screening in 2015-2020 years increased by year( χ 2 trend =70 052.10, 86 182.82 , 22 213.56， P <0.01). The detection rate of TB among junior high schools and high schools has been increasing year by year( χ 2 trend =9.27, 12.23, P <0.01). From 2015 to 2020, the proportion of tuberculosis screening, contact history, PPD and chest screening increased by year in junior high school and senior high school freshmen, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=129.10, 118.10, 206.92, 37.67; 108.79, 84.90, 139.84, 51.82, P <0.01). The proportion of chest X ray screening in universities increased by year( χ 2 trend =18.33， P <0.01). In 2019, poor performance on TB control in universities mainly included, including the school responsibility system for tuberculosis prevention and control, the school s annual TB work plan and absenteeism registration and etiology tracing, the proportion was 50.00 %, 0 and 16.67% respectively, compared with junior high school and senior high school, the difference was statistically significant( P <0.05). The prevalence rates of junior high school, senior high school and university students were 33.75/10 5, 90.10/10 5 and 54.20/10 5 respectively in 2019, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=104.36， P <0.01). Conclusion The proportion of TB screening for freshmen in Chongqing increased significantly during 2015- 2020. High school students are still the focus of school based tuberculosis prevention and control. Improving the proportion of tuberculosis screening，strengthening and standardizing physical examination and screening，and establishing a clear responsibility system for prevention and control are effective means to prevent and control the spread of tuberculosis on campus.

Objective: To provide the evidence for tuberculosis pvevalence for high school freshmen by analyzing data of entrance physical exarnination of Chongqing in 2018. Methods: The TB information management system of schools in Chongqing was used to collect the data of TB physical examination for high school freshmen in 2018. Excel 2007 was used to establish database, SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, including descriptive analysis, chi square test. Results: In 2018, a total of 118 370 freshmen from 146 general education high schools and a total of 30 842 freshmen from 30 secondary vocational schools had TB screening during physical examination for freshmen. The proportion of school and freshmen participating in the TB examination was 40.09% and 44.28% respectively. The rates of school (57.03%) and freshmen (58.81%) participating in the examination of tuberculosis in senior high school students of general education were higher than those in secondary vocational education schools(16.39%, 22.73%), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=73.38, 42 744.64, P<0.01). 84 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) were detected in the physical examination of high school freshmen, mainly smear negative patients (92.86%)，and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of tuberculosis among the freshmen with different education, school and screening methods(P>0.05). The detection rates of TB among freshmen in general education and vocational education were 49.00/100 000 and 54.62/100 000 respectively. The detection rates of tuberculosis among freshmen in public schools and private schools were 50.29/100 000 and 124.88/100 000 respectively(χ2=5.42, 10.92, P<0.05). The detection rate of direct chest X-ray examination was 62.90/100 000. The first screening method was PPD test and the detection rate of chest X-ray examination was 84.30/100 000 for those with strong positive PPD test, the differences was no significant(χ2=0.29, P>0.05). Conclusion The tuberculosis screening program for high school freshmen is of great significance to the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Effective screening methods should be adopted and strengthened in secondary vocational schools.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors involved in the establishment of a C57BL/6 J model of metastatic melanoma in the lung,including the way of tumor inoculation,the number of inoculated cells and the time of tumor formation. Methods Mouse melanoma B16F10 cells were cultured in vitro. 1)Eighteen healthy male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in each group received 100 μL cell suspension(including 3 ×106 melanoma cells)via intravenous,intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection,respectively. After two weeks,the mice were killed and dissected,and the tumor growth and metastasis were observed. 2)Eighteen male mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in each group were injected with 3 ×106cells,1 ×106cells, and 3 ×105cells through the tail vein,respectively. After two weeks,mice were killed and dissected,and the tumor growth and metastasis were observed. 3)Eighteen male mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in each group were injected with 1×106cells though the tail vein. Mice were killed and dissected after one week, two weeks and three weeks, respectively. The growth and metastasis of tumor were observed. Results 1)The success rate of lung metastasis was 100% in the mice with intravenous injection,but not in mice receiving intraperitoneal injection and subcutaneous injection. 2)The size of metastatic melanoma nodules were moderate in mice inoculated by 1 ×106cells. The number of melanoma metastatic foci was too high in the mice inoculated with 3 ×106cells,but too low in the mice inoculated with 3 ×105cells. 3)Significant metastatic melanoma foci were observed in the mice killed and dissected after two weeks with no death. The number of melanoma foci in the lung was too high in the mice killed after three weeks,while was too low in the mice killed at one week after tumor cell inoculation. Conclusions Intravenous injection of 1×106mouse melanoma cells into C57BL/6 J mice and killed after two weeks is an optimal method for establishment of a mouse model of metastatic melanoma in the lung, and is worth of recommendation.

Objective: To establish primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) animal model induced by anti-platelet membrane glycoprotein GPⅠbα antibodies AN51 and R300. Methods: Twenty guinea pigs (6-8 week) were divided into 4 groups. Five guinea pigs in each group were intravenously injected with different doses of AN51 (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 μg/g) and 0.2 μg/g IgG as control. The whole blood was collected from inner angular venous plexus. Platelets number was determined by an automated cell counter and Swiss-Jim method. Then, the similar protocol was used to establish ITP nude mice model by intraperitoneal injection of different concentrations of anti-platelet GPⅠbα antibody R300, respectively. Results: ①Five minutes after intravenous injection of AN51 at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μg/g, the platelet counts of guinea pigs reduced about 0-5%, 50%-60% and 70%-80% compared to the control group, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01) . ②Six hours after intraperitoneal injection of R300 at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 μg/g, the platelet counts of nude mice decreased about 20%-30%, 60%-70% and 80%-90% compared to the control group, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01) . The nude mice, injected 0.2 μg/g R300 once a day for 2 weeks, showed typical ITP clinical manifestations including large number of petechiaes or ecchymoses on limbs, head and abdomen. Conclusion AN51 at 0.2 μg/g and R300 at 0.2 μg/g could establish stable ITP model in guinea pigs and nude mice respectively.