In 2024, a total of 27 309 cases of medication error (ME) from 484 hospitals in 27 provincial administrative regions were collected in the National Monitoring Network for Clinical Safe Medication. Among them, 279 (1.02%) were classified as grade A, 22 081 (80.86%) as grade B, 4 268 (15.63%) as grade C, 472 (1.73%) as grade D, 96 (0.35%) as grade E, 105 (0.38%) as grade F, 6 (0.02%) as grade H, and 2 (<0.01%) as grade I; no MEs of grade G occurred. Among the 27 030 patients involved in MEs of grade B to I, 15 124 (55.95%) were male and 11 906 (44.05%) were female; their ages were from 1 day to 104 years; 3 369 (12.46%) were children (<18 years old), 12 113 (44.81%) were young and middle-aged adults (≥18 to <60 years old), and 11 548 (42.72%) were elderly (≥60 years old). The top 3 contents of ME were wrong drug class (5 347 cases, 19.13%), wrong dosage (4 913 cases, 17.58%), and wrong administration frequency (3 429 cases, 12.27%). Among the 27 030 grade B-I MEs, the main person who triggered the event were physicians (18 703 cases, 69.19%) and pharmacists (6 343 cases, 23.47%). These MEs mainly occurred in clinics (11 009 cases, 40.73%), in hospital wards (7 393 cases, 27.35%), and in pharmacies (6 219 cases, 23.27%). The main persons who discovered the MEs were pharmacists (21 021 cases, 74.14%). The top 3 factors causing ME were lack of related pharmacologic knowledge (8 716 cases, 26.49%), tiredness (5 755 cases, 17.49%), and inexperienced skills (4 505 cases, 13.69%). A total of 209 patients were involved in severe MEs (grade E-I), including 133 (63.64%) males and 76 (36.36%) females, aged from 21 months to 94 years, of which 42 (20.10%) were children, 75 (35.88%) were young and middle-aged adults, and 92 (44.02%) were elderly. The top 3 diseases diagnosed in severe MEs were drug poisoning (41 cases, 19.62%), diabetes (34 cases, 16.27%), and hypertension (14 cases, 6.70%); the main person who triggered the MEs were patients and their families (135 cases, 64.59%); the MEs occurred mainly in patients′ houses (116 cases, 55.50%). Drug poisoning was mainly related to accidental ingestion by children, and MEs in patients with diabetes and hypertension were often related to issues on patient compliance. Based on the data of MEs in 2024, it was proposed to establish a better medication safety culture and improve the ME reporting situation in China, pay attention to the risks of misusing external drugs for internal use, children′s accidental ingestion and insulin-related MEs, strengthen the prevention of MEs related to look-alike sound-alike drugs, pay attention to the post administration management and the compliance education of home care for patients with chronic diseases, so as to improve the medication safety of patients in China.

In 2024, a total of 27 309 cases of medication error (ME) from 484 hospitals in 27 provincial administrative regions were collected in the National Monitoring Network for Clinical Safe Medication. Among them, 279 (1.02%) were classified as grade A, 22 081 (80.86%) as grade B, 4 268 (15.63%) as grade C, 472 (1.73%) as grade D, 96 (0.35%) as grade E, 105 (0.38%) as grade F, 6 (0.02%) as grade H, and 2 (<0.01%) as grade I; no MEs of grade G occurred. Among the 27 030 patients involved in MEs of grade B to I, 15 124 (55.95%) were male and 11 906 (44.05%) were female; their ages were from 1 day to 104 years; 3 369 (12.46%) were children (<18 years old), 12 113 (44.81%) were young and middle-aged adults (≥18 to <60 years old), and 11 548 (42.72%) were elderly (≥60 years old). The top 3 contents of ME were wrong drug class (5 347 cases, 19.13%), wrong dosage (4 913 cases, 17.58%), and wrong administration frequency (3 429 cases, 12.27%). Among the 27 030 grade B-I MEs, the main person who triggered the event were physicians (18 703 cases, 69.19%) and pharmacists (6 343 cases, 23.47%). These MEs mainly occurred in clinics (11 009 cases, 40.73%), in hospital wards (7 393 cases, 27.35%), and in pharmacies (6 219 cases, 23.27%). The main persons who discovered the MEs were pharmacists (21 021 cases, 74.14%). The top 3 factors causing ME were lack of related pharmacologic knowledge (8 716 cases, 26.49%), tiredness (5 755 cases, 17.49%), and inexperienced skills (4 505 cases, 13.69%). A total of 209 patients were involved in severe MEs (grade E-I), including 133 (63.64%) males and 76 (36.36%) females, aged from 21 months to 94 years, of which 42 (20.10%) were children, 75 (35.88%) were young and middle-aged adults, and 92 (44.02%) were elderly. The top 3 diseases diagnosed in severe MEs were drug poisoning (41 cases, 19.62%), diabetes (34 cases, 16.27%), and hypertension (14 cases, 6.70%); the main person who triggered the MEs were patients and their families (135 cases, 64.59%); the MEs occurred mainly in patients′ houses (116 cases, 55.50%). Drug poisoning was mainly related to accidental ingestion by children, and MEs in patients with diabetes and hypertension were often related to issues on patient compliance. Based on the data of MEs in 2024, it was proposed to establish a better medication safety culture and improve the ME reporting situation in China, pay attention to the risks of misusing external drugs for internal use, children′s accidental ingestion and insulin-related MEs, strengthen the prevention of MEs related to look-alike sound-alike drugs, pay attention to the post administration management and the compliance education of home care for patients with chronic diseases, so as to improve the medication safety of patients in China.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic utility of radiomics features extracted from 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT combined with clinical factors and metabolic parameters in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in individuals diagnosed with extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). Materials and Methods: A total of 126 adults with ENKTCL who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT examination before treatment were retrospectively included and randomly divided into training (n = 88) and validation cohorts (n = 38) at a ratio of 7:3.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operation Cox regression analysis was used to select the best radiomics features and calculate each patient’s radiomics scores (RadPFS and RadOS). Kaplan–Meier curve and Log-rank test were used to compare survival between patient groups risk-stratified by the radiomics scores. Various models to predict PFS and OS were constructed, including clinical, metabolic, clinical + metabolic, and clinical + metabolic + radiomics models. The discriminative ability of each model was evaluated using Harrell’s C index. The performance of each model in predicting PFS and OS for 1-, 3-, and 5-years was evaluated using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Kaplan–Meier curve analysis demonstrated that the radiomics scores effectively identified high- and low-risk patients (all P < 0.05). Multivariable Cox analysis showed that the Ann Arbor stage, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and RadPFS were independent risk factors associated with PFS. Further, β2-microglobulin, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, SUVmax, and RadOS were independent risk factors for OS. The clinical + metabolic + radiomics model exhibited the greatest discriminative ability for both PFS (Harrell’s C-index: 0.805 in the validation cohort) and OS (Harrell’s C-index: 0.833 in the validation cohort). The time-dependent ROC analysis indicated that the clinical + metabolic + radiomics model had the best predictive performance. Conclusion The PET/CT-based clinical + metabolic + radiomics model can enhance prognostication among patients with ENKTCL and may be a non-invasive and efficient risk stratification tool for clinical practice.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent proteinuria and progressive decline in renal function, and is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. With the in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of DN, the role of intestinal flora imbalance in the disease has been found clinically. This suggests that restoring the host′s healthy gut flora may be a means of improving DN. In fact, recent studies have shown that many of the drugs currently used to treat DN affect gut microbiota composition. In this review, intestinal flora is regarded as one of the main factors affecting the development of DN, and DN therapy targeting intestinal flora is summarized to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of DN.

In 2023, a total of 27 742 cases of medication error (ME) from 439 hospitals in 27 provincial administrative regions were collected in the National Monitoring Network for Clinical Safe Medication. Among them, 282 (1.02%) were classified as grade A, 22 452 (80.93%) as grade B, 4 239 (15.28%) as grade C, 499 (1.80%) as grade D, 141 (0.51%) as grade E, 127 (0.46%) as grade F, 1 (<0.01%) as grade G, and 1 (<0.01%) as grade I; no MEs of grade H occurred. Among the 27 460 patients involved in MEs of grade B to I, 15 131 (55.10%) were male and 12 329 (44.23%) were female; their ages were from 1 day to 103 years; 3 198 (11.65%) were children (<18 years old), 12 576 (45.80%) were young and middle-aged adults (≥18 to <60 years old), and 11 686 (42.56%) were elderly (≥60 years old). The top 3 contents of ME were wrong drug class (5 880 cases, 20.97%), wrong dosage (4 668 cases, 16.65%), and wrong administration frequency (3 184 cases, 11.35%). A total of 270 patients were involved in severe MEs (grade E-I), including 140 (51.85%) males and 130 (48.15%) females, aged from 52 days to 94 years, of which 31 (11.48%) were children, 91 (33.70%) were young and middle-aged adults, and 148 (54.82%) were elderly. The top 3 drugs involved were cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium, metformin, and estazolam. One fatal ME was caused by mistakenly orally taking Fufang Jingjie for fumigation and washing. Among the 27 460 grade B-I MEs, 19 655 (71.58%) were triggered by physicians, 5 688 (20.71%) by pharmacists, and few by nurses, patients and their family members, etc. These MEs mainly occurred in clinics (10 537 cases, 38.37%), in hospital wards (8 187 cases, 29.81%), and in pharmacies (6 470 cases, 23.56%). But among the 270 severe MEs, 121 (44.81%) occurred in the patient′s home. The top 3 persons who discovered the ME were pharmacists (20 693 cases, 74.46%), patients and their family members (3 240 cases, 11.66%), and physicians (2 214 cases, 7.97%). The top 3 factors causing ME were lack of related pharmacologic knowledge (9 382 cases, 28.3%), tiredness (5 974 cases, 18.05%), and insufficient training of medical workers (3 831 cases, 11.58%). In view of MEs with high incidence or more severe in 2023, relevant risks should be paid attention to, including misusing external drugs for internal use, ingestion of drug packaging by mistake, wrong dose conversion in children, ME in special dosing frequency, too fast infusion speed of enteral nutrition preparations and irritant intravenous preparations, interaction between montmorillonite powder and other drugs, hypernatremia caused by fosfomycin sodium, etc. In addition, strengthening the management of drug varieties with frequent severe MEs and fatal MEs, as well as the popular science and safe drug use education for patients, can help ensure the medication safety of patients.

Objective:To explore the application value of semantic information retrieval (semantic retrieval) based on case reports dataset of Adverse Drug Reactions Journal. Methods:The dataset used in this study consists of 2 597 PDF files of case reports published on Adverse Drug Reactions Journal from 1999 to 2022. The semantic retrieval system is built by Baidu PaddlePaddle′s deep learning framework, the code was written in Python, and the text encoding model was Baidu RocketQA model. The precision at position k (P@k), recall at position k (R@k), mean reciprocal rank (MRR), mean average precision (MAP) and precision-recall (P-R) curve were used to evaluate the performance of semantic retrieval. The performance of semantic retrieval and keyword matching retrieval were compared by calculating the recall. Results:The set of preprocessed theme fields as items to be retrieved contained 2 597 documents, the set of search terms (queries) after removing deplicates and reorganizing included 1 388 drug name queries and 1 118 adverse reactions/events queries. The precision of drug name queries and adverse reactions/events queries by semantic retrieval were 0.667-1 and 0.566-1, and their recall were 0.667-0.871 and 0.566-0.863, respectively. The P-R curves of the top 1, 3, 5 and 10 documents in the semantic retrieval results using drug names queries and adverse reactions/events search terms showed that the precision decreased slowly in top 1 and 3 documents but significantly in top 5 and 10 documents with the increase of recall. The MRR of the 2 types of search terms were 0.854 and 0.871, and the MAP were 0.778 and 0.773, respectively. Using adverse reactions/events as search terms, semantic retrieval has a higher recall rate than keyword matching retrieval; using drug names as search terms, the recall rate of keyword matching retrieval is generally higher than that of semantic retrieval.Conclusions:The semantic retrieval system based on Baidu PaddlePaddle deep learning framework has good retrieval performance on the case reports dataset of Adverse Drug Reactions Journal. The semantic retrieval performs better with adverse reactions/events queries, while the keyword matching retrieval performs better with drug name queries.

In 2023, a total of 27 742 cases of medication error (ME) from 439 hospitals in 27 provincial administrative regions were collected in the National Monitoring Network for Clinical Safe Medication. Among them, 282 (1.02%) were classified as grade A, 22 452 (80.93%) as grade B, 4 239 (15.28%) as grade C, 499 (1.80%) as grade D, 141 (0.51%) as grade E, 127 (0.46%) as grade F, 1 (<0.01%) as grade G, and 1 (<0.01%) as grade I; no MEs of grade H occurred. Among the 27 460 patients involved in MEs of grade B to I, 15 131 (55.10%) were male and 12 329 (44.23%) were female; their ages were from 1 day to 103 years; 3 198 (11.65%) were children (<18 years old), 12 576 (45.80%) were young and middle-aged adults (≥18 to <60 years old), and 11 686 (42.56%) were elderly (≥60 years old). The top 3 contents of ME were wrong drug class (5 880 cases, 20.97%), wrong dosage (4 668 cases, 16.65%), and wrong administration frequency (3 184 cases, 11.35%). A total of 270 patients were involved in severe MEs (grade E-I), including 140 (51.85%) males and 130 (48.15%) females, aged from 52 days to 94 years, of which 31 (11.48%) were children, 91 (33.70%) were young and middle-aged adults, and 148 (54.82%) were elderly. The top 3 drugs involved were cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium, metformin, and estazolam. One fatal ME was caused by mistakenly orally taking Fufang Jingjie for fumigation and washing. Among the 27 460 grade B-I MEs, 19 655 (71.58%) were triggered by physicians, 5 688 (20.71%) by pharmacists, and few by nurses, patients and their family members, etc. These MEs mainly occurred in clinics (10 537 cases, 38.37%), in hospital wards (8 187 cases, 29.81%), and in pharmacies (6 470 cases, 23.56%). But among the 270 severe MEs, 121 (44.81%) occurred in the patient′s home. The top 3 persons who discovered the ME were pharmacists (20 693 cases, 74.46%), patients and their family members (3 240 cases, 11.66%), and physicians (2 214 cases, 7.97%). The top 3 factors causing ME were lack of related pharmacologic knowledge (9 382 cases, 28.3%), tiredness (5 974 cases, 18.05%), and insufficient training of medical workers (3 831 cases, 11.58%). In view of MEs with high incidence or more severe in 2023, relevant risks should be paid attention to, including misusing external drugs for internal use, ingestion of drug packaging by mistake, wrong dose conversion in children, ME in special dosing frequency, too fast infusion speed of enteral nutrition preparations and irritant intravenous preparations, interaction between montmorillonite powder and other drugs, hypernatremia caused by fosfomycin sodium, etc. In addition, strengthening the management of drug varieties with frequent severe MEs and fatal MEs, as well as the popular science and safe drug use education for patients, can help ensure the medication safety of patients.

Objective:To explore the application value of semantic information retrieval (semantic retrieval) based on case reports dataset of Adverse Drug Reactions Journal. Methods:The dataset used in this study consists of 2 597 PDF files of case reports published on Adverse Drug Reactions Journal from 1999 to 2022. The semantic retrieval system is built by Baidu PaddlePaddle′s deep learning framework, the code was written in Python, and the text encoding model was Baidu RocketQA model. The precision at position k (P@k), recall at position k (R@k), mean reciprocal rank (MRR), mean average precision (MAP) and precision-recall (P-R) curve were used to evaluate the performance of semantic retrieval. The performance of semantic retrieval and keyword matching retrieval were compared by calculating the recall. Results:The set of preprocessed theme fields as items to be retrieved contained 2 597 documents, the set of search terms (queries) after removing deplicates and reorganizing included 1 388 drug name queries and 1 118 adverse reactions/events queries. The precision of drug name queries and adverse reactions/events queries by semantic retrieval were 0.667-1 and 0.566-1, and their recall were 0.667-0.871 and 0.566-0.863, respectively. The P-R curves of the top 1, 3, 5 and 10 documents in the semantic retrieval results using drug names queries and adverse reactions/events search terms showed that the precision decreased slowly in top 1 and 3 documents but significantly in top 5 and 10 documents with the increase of recall. The MRR of the 2 types of search terms were 0.854 and 0.871, and the MAP were 0.778 and 0.773, respectively. Using adverse reactions/events as search terms, semantic retrieval has a higher recall rate than keyword matching retrieval; using drug names as search terms, the recall rate of keyword matching retrieval is generally higher than that of semantic retrieval.Conclusions:The semantic retrieval system based on Baidu PaddlePaddle deep learning framework has good retrieval performance on the case reports dataset of Adverse Drug Reactions Journal. The semantic retrieval performs better with adverse reactions/events queries, while the keyword matching retrieval performs better with drug name queries.

Objective:To construct the standardized preventive nursing training scheme for venous thromboembolism (VTE) , so as to provide a basis for hospitals to carry out the standardized preventive nursing training scheme for VTE.Methods:Under the guidance of the National Medical Quality and Safety Improvement Goal, the standardized preventive nursing training scheme for VTE was initially developed through preliminary investigation, literature review and group discussion. Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 20 experts were selected from March to June 2022 for two rounds of Delphi expert consultation. After modification, the VTE standardized preventive nursing training scheme was finally determined.Results:In the two rounds of correspondence, the effective response rates of the questionnaire were 90.00% and 100.00%, respectively. The expert authority coefficients of two rounds were both 0.95 and Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.20 and 0.14, respectively ( P<0.01) . After two rounds of expert consultation, a standardized preventive nursing training scheme for VTE was finally established, which included 4 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators and 78 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The VTE standardized preventive nursing training scheme constructed in this study has strong reliability and scientific nature, which can provide a basis for hospitals to carry out VTE standardized preventive nursing training scheme.

In 2022, a total of 22 868 cases of medication error (ME) from 315 hospitals in 26 provincial administrative regions were collected in the National Monitoring Network for Clinical Safe Medication. The number of hospitals reporting ME increased by 14.55% compared with that in 2021 (275 hospitals), and the number of reported ME cases increased by 16.76% compared with that in 2021 (19 585 cases). In 22 868 cases of ME reports, 155 (0.68%) were classified as grade A, 18 981 (83.00%) as grade B, 3 076 (13.45%) as grade C, 422 (1.85%) as grade D, 75 (0.33%) as grade E, 156 (0.68%) as grade F, 1 (<0.01%) as grade G, and 2 (0.01%) as grade H; no MEs of grade I occurred. Among the 22 713 patients involved in MEs of grade B to I, 12 668 (55.77%) were male and 10 045 (44.23%) were female; their ages were from 1 day to 102 years; 2 453 (10.80%) were children (<18 years old), 11 374 (50.08%) were young and middle-aged adults (≥18 to <60 years old), and 8 886 (39.12%) were elderly (≥60 years old). A total of 234 patients were involved in serious MEs (grade E-I), including 134 (57.27%) males and 100 (42.73%) females, aged from 4 days to 94 years, of which 37 (15.81%) were children, 83 (35.47%) were young and middle-aged adults, 114(48.72%) were elderly. The serious MEs (grade E-I) mainly occurred in the administration link [74.36% (174/234)]. The 155 grade A MEs did not involve person who triggered the ME and place where ME occurred. Among the 22 713 grade B-I MEs, 17 102 (75.30%) were triggered by physicians, 4 072 (17.93%) by pharmacists, 764 (3.36%) by nurses, 461 (2.03%) by patients and their family members, and 314 (1.38%) by other persons; the proportion of MEs triggered by physicians increased year by year for 4 consecutive years; the triggers of serious MEs were mainly patients and their family members [61.97% (145/234)]. Among these MEs, 9 238 (40.67%) occurred in clinics, 7 183 (31.63%) in hospital wards, 4 620 (20.34%) in pharmacies, 1 063 (4.68%) in pharmacy intravenous admixture services, 213 (0.94%) in the nurse stations, 321 (1.41%) in patients′ home, 6 (0.03%) in the community health service stations, and 69 (0.30%) in other places. Among the 234 severe MEs, 129 (55.13%) occurred in the patient′s home, and the proportions of MEs and serious MEs occurred in the home increased year by year for 4 consecutive years. The top 3 contents of ME were wrong drug class (4 285, 18.40%), wrong dosage (4 115, 17.67%), and wrong administration frequency (2 808, 12.06%). The top 3 persons who discovered the ME were pharmacists (17 575, 74.74%), patients and their family members (2 654, 11.29%), and physicians (1 752, 7.45%). The top 3 factors causing ME were lack of related pharmacologic knowledge (8 665, 31.94%), tiredness (4 249, 15.66%), and insufficient training of medical workers (3 502, 12.91%).