Objective To study the expression of key regulators of iron metabolism,iron death inhibitor and ferririn heavy chain 1(FTH1),in bladder cancinoma and their relationship with immune invasion and prognosis.Methods Sixty patients diagnosed with bladder cancer at Jiamusi Central Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were chosen as the subjects of this study.Collected clinical tissue samples from patients and analyzed the protein expression of FTH1 and the infiltration abundance of three types of immune cells[CD8+T cells,CD4+T cells,natural killer(NK)cells]in bladder tumor samples through immunohistochemistry(IHC).Pearson analyzed the correlation between FTH1 and the expression of immune cell marker.Kaplan-Meier(KM)survival curve was used to analyze the relationship between FTH1 and overall survival(OS),disease free survival(DFS)in bladder cancer patients.COX proportional hazards regression model analyzed risk factors affecting the prognosis and survival of bladder cancer patients.Results The positive expression rate of FTH1 protein in bladder cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal adjacent tissues(37.50％vs 12.50％),with a statistically significant difference(χ2=36.391,P<0.05).The positive rate of FTH1 in cancer tissues with female gender,non papillary tumor histological subtype,and T1～T2 lesion infiltration degree,American joint committee on cancer(AJCC)stage I～Ⅱ,was lower than that in cancer tissues with male gender,papillary tumor histological subtype,T3～T4 lesion infiltration degree,and AJCC stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=4.156～13.846,all P<0.05).The five-year cumulative OS and cumulative DFS of the FTH1 high expression group were significantly lower than those of the FTH1 low expression group,and the differences were statistically significant(Log-rank χ2=25.35,33.67,all P<0.0001).The results of the multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that tumor histological subtype and high expression of FTH1 were identified as independent prognostic risk factors for bladder cancer(all P<0.01).Additionally,a positive correlation was observed between high FTH1 expression in bladder cancer and the IHC score of forkhead box protein P3+(Foxp3+)tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)(r=0.580,P<0.05),while negative correlations were found between the IHC scores of CD8+TILs CD56+TILs,and CD4+TILs(r=-0.532,-0.533,-0.452,all P<0.05).Conclusion FTH1 as a biomarker potentiates the prediction of bladder cancer prognosis and the immune micro-environmental(IME).

Objective To study the expression of key regulators of iron metabolism,iron death inhibitor and ferririn heavy chain 1(FTH1),in bladder cancinoma and their relationship with immune invasion and prognosis.Methods Sixty patients diagnosed with bladder cancer at Jiamusi Central Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were chosen as the subjects of this study.Collected clinical tissue samples from patients and analyzed the protein expression of FTH1 and the infiltration abundance of three types of immune cells[CD8+T cells,CD4+T cells,natural killer(NK)cells]in bladder tumor samples through immunohistochemistry(IHC).Pearson analyzed the correlation between FTH1 and the expression of immune cell marker.Kaplan-Meier(KM)survival curve was used to analyze the relationship between FTH1 and overall survival(OS),disease free survival(DFS)in bladder cancer patients.COX proportional hazards regression model analyzed risk factors affecting the prognosis and survival of bladder cancer patients.Results The positive expression rate of FTH1 protein in bladder cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal adjacent tissues(37.50％vs 12.50％),with a statistically significant difference(χ2=36.391,P<0.05).The positive rate of FTH1 in cancer tissues with female gender,non papillary tumor histological subtype,and T1～T2 lesion infiltration degree,American joint committee on cancer(AJCC)stage I～Ⅱ,was lower than that in cancer tissues with male gender,papillary tumor histological subtype,T3～T4 lesion infiltration degree,and AJCC stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=4.156～13.846,all P<0.05).The five-year cumulative OS and cumulative DFS of the FTH1 high expression group were significantly lower than those of the FTH1 low expression group,and the differences were statistically significant(Log-rank χ2=25.35,33.67,all P<0.0001).The results of the multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that tumor histological subtype and high expression of FTH1 were identified as independent prognostic risk factors for bladder cancer(all P<0.01).Additionally,a positive correlation was observed between high FTH1 expression in bladder cancer and the IHC score of forkhead box protein P3+(Foxp3+)tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)(r=0.580,P<0.05),while negative correlations were found between the IHC scores of CD8+TILs CD56+TILs,and CD4+TILs(r=-0.532,-0.533,-0.452,all P<0.05).Conclusion FTH1 as a biomarker potentiates the prediction of bladder cancer prognosis and the immune micro-environmental(IME).

BACKGROUND:Electromyographic biofeedback therapy has demonstrated unique advantages of non-invasive,real-time feedback,personalized treatment and promotion of neuroplasticity,and can promote the recovery of motor function in patients with spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE:To review the current application status and therapeutic effects of electromyographic biofeedback combined with exercise therapy,robotic exoskeletons,and virtual reality technology in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury.METHODS:Relevant literature was retrieved from CNKI and PubMed databases up to May 2024.The search terms included"spinal cord injury,EMG biofeedback,physical therapy,robotic exoskeleton,VR,motor function,exercise"in both English and Chinese.Finally,71 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mechanisms by which electromyographic biofeedback therapy promotes spinal cord injury rehabilitation include promoting neural plasticity changes,strengthening neuromuscular connections and improving movement patterns.Electromyographic biofeedback,as an emerging tool for treating spinal cord injury,is often used in conjunction with other therapeutic methods,including exercise therapy,robotic exoskeletons,and VR,to promote the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury.The effectiveness of combination therapy has been significantly improved.However,there are still some problems and challenges,such as the lack of detailed analysis of the mechanism,the lack of large-scale trials that provide strong evidence for combined efficacy,and the limited adaptability of the technology.Future research can focus on these aspects:to improve the personalization and accuracy of electromyographic biofeedback;to develop new rehabilitation equipment and expand the application areas of electromyographic biofeedback combined with more advanced technologies or engineering equipment;to apply electromyographic biofeedback to gait training systems,respiratory training systems,and limb-linkage rehabilitation systems,so as to improve the accuracy of the feedback and the effect of personalized treatment plans.At the same time,the ease of use and comfort of the equipment will be improved.

BACKGROUND:Electromyographic biofeedback therapy has demonstrated unique advantages of non-invasive,real-time feedback,personalized treatment and promotion of neuroplasticity,and can promote the recovery of motor function in patients with spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE:To review the current application status and therapeutic effects of electromyographic biofeedback combined with exercise therapy,robotic exoskeletons,and virtual reality technology in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury.METHODS:Relevant literature was retrieved from CNKI and PubMed databases up to May 2024.The search terms included"spinal cord injury,EMG biofeedback,physical therapy,robotic exoskeleton,VR,motor function,exercise"in both English and Chinese.Finally,71 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mechanisms by which electromyographic biofeedback therapy promotes spinal cord injury rehabilitation include promoting neural plasticity changes,strengthening neuromuscular connections and improving movement patterns.Electromyographic biofeedback,as an emerging tool for treating spinal cord injury,is often used in conjunction with other therapeutic methods,including exercise therapy,robotic exoskeletons,and VR,to promote the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury.The effectiveness of combination therapy has been significantly improved.However,there are still some problems and challenges,such as the lack of detailed analysis of the mechanism,the lack of large-scale trials that provide strong evidence for combined efficacy,and the limited adaptability of the technology.Future research can focus on these aspects:to improve the personalization and accuracy of electromyographic biofeedback;to develop new rehabilitation equipment and expand the application areas of electromyographic biofeedback combined with more advanced technologies or engineering equipment;to apply electromyographic biofeedback to gait training systems,respiratory training systems,and limb-linkage rehabilitation systems,so as to improve the accuracy of the feedback and the effect of personalized treatment plans.At the same time,the ease of use and comfort of the equipment will be improved.

OBJECTIVE To establish the UHPLC fingerprint of Miao Medicine Ficus tikoua Bur., study its spectrum-effect relationship with antioxidant activity, and screen the antioxidant active components. METHODS UHPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of Ficus tikoua Bur.. Evaluation System for Similarity of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Version 2012) was used to evaluate the similarity and identify the common peaks. SPSS 16.0 and SIMCA 14.1 software were used for hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis(PCA). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging method, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt(ABTS) free radical scavenging method and total antioxidant capacity method were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of 16 batches of ethanol extracts from Ficus tikoua Bur. Three methods including grey relational analysis(GRA), bivariate correlation analysis and partial least squares regression(PLSR) were used to study the spectrum-effect relationship. RESULTS The UHPLC fingerprints of 16 batches of Ficus tikoua Bur. were established and 13 common peaks were identified. The similarities were 0.613−0.996. At the same time, it was identified that peak 9 was rutin, peak 10 was isoquercetin, and peak 12 was narcissin. The results of HCA showed that the samples were clustered into two categories, which was consistent with the PCA results. Sixteen batches of Ficus tikoua Bur. had different degrees of antioxidant activity. The results of GRA showed that the correlation between 13 common peaks and antioxidant activity was >0.8, and all of them had high correlation. The results of bivariate correlation analysis and PLSR analysis showed that the correlation coefficient and regression coefficient of peak 5, peak 9(rutin), peak 10(isoquercetin), peak 11 and peak 12(narcissin) were positively correlated with antioxidant activity, and the contribution rate was larger(variable importance in projection>1), which were the main active components of antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION All the 16 batches of Ficus tikoua Bur. have good antioxidant activity, and its antioxidant effect is the result of the synergistic action of the internal antioxidant component group. The components corresponding to the common peaks 5, 9, 10, 11, 12 are closely related to their antioxidant activity, revealing the pharmacodynamic material basis of the antioxidant activity of Ficus tikoua Bur.

OBJECTIVE To explore the material basis of the anti-inflammatory effect of the petroleum ether extract from Melastoma dodecandrum by establishing its fingerprint and combining it with cellular pharmacodynamics experiments. METHODS HPLC method was adopted;the fingerprints of 20 batches of petroleum ether extract from M. dodecandrum were drawn using The Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint (2012 edition);similarity evaluation and common peak identification were carried out. The lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation model of mice mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.7) was established;the inhibitory rates of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were used as indexes to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the petroleum ether extract from M. dodecandrum;grey correlation degree method and partial least square regression analysis were adopted to study the spectrum-effect relationship. Molecular docking was used to validate the binding activity of the anti-inflammatory active ingredients with TNF-α and iNOS protein receptor. RESULTS There were 19 common peaks in the fingerprint of the petroleum ether extract from M. dodecandrum,the similarity of 20 batches of samples ranged from 0.603-0.990,and five components were identified,such as vitexin (peak 5),isovitexin (peak 6),ellagic acid (peak 7),quercetin (peak 9) and luteolin (peak 10). The grey correlation degree between 19 common peaks of the petroleum ether extract from M. dodecandrum and the inhibition rates of NO and TNF-α were all greater than 0.7;peaks 19,13,9 (quercetin),12,5 (vitexin),6 (isovitexin),8,7 (ellagic acid),18,1 were positively correlated with NO inhibition rate,and peaks 8,10 (luteolin),13,15,3,19,17,7 (ellagic acid),18,1 were positively correlated with inhibition rate of TNF-α. The binding energies of vitexin,isovitexin and quercetin with iNOS protein receptor were less than-5.0 kcal/mol. CONCLUSIONS Vitexin,isovitexin and quercetin may be the basis of the anti-inflammatory effect of the petroleum ether extract from M. dodecandrum.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential suitable distribution area and spatial production area of high-quality medicinal materials of Miao medicine Laportea bulbifera. MethodBased on 200 distribution spots of L. bulbifera and 120 ecological factors, the maximum entropy model（MaxEnt） and ArcGIS software were applied to predict the potential suitable areas. The content of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and quercitrin from 33 batches of L. bulbifera in Guizhou province was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Combined with the previous content data of total polysaccharides and total flavonoids, the correlation between the main pharmacodynamic components of L. bulbifera and ecological factors was analyzed. Eventually, the quality regionalization of L. bulbifera was exhibited by the collocated Cokriging in ArcGIS. ResultThe optimum distribution areas of L. bulbifera were Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, and Hubei provinces in China, and the high and medium suitable areas accounted for 59.48% of the total distribution areas. October precipitation, slope, min temperature of the coldest month, altitude, solar radiation intensity in June, and April precipitation were the main ecological factors affecting the growth and distribution of L. bulbifera. Temperature, radiation intensity, precipitation, and soil composition and properties had great effects on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in L. bulbifera. The results showed that the high-quality areas of L. bulbifera mainly included Leishan county, Kaili city, Qingzhen city, Pingba district, Huishui county, Longli county, Kaiyang county, and Jiangkou county in Guizhou province. ConclusionL. bulbifera is widely distributed in China， but the suitable distribution areas are mainly concentrated in southwest China and part of central China. The planting bases of L. bulbifera can be selected in parts of cities and counties in southeast and central Guizhou province. In this study， the potential suitable growing areas and the optimum planting areas of L. bulbifera in Guizhou were predicted， which could provide scientific references for the cultivation and the site selection of large-scale planting for L. bulbifera.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for quality control of Gentiana rhodantha. METHODS Taking 52 batches of G. rhodantha as subject， ultra-high performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint was adopted. The similarity of 52 batches of medicinal materials samples was evaluated by the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2004A edition）； the content of mangiferin was determined； chemometric analyses [cluster analysis， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）] were performed. RESULTS UPLC fingerprints of 52 batches of G. rhodantha were established， 17 common peaks were identified， and 6 of them were identified， which were loganic acid （peak 1）， neomangiferin （peak 3）， swertiamarin （peak 5）， dangyin （peak 6）， mangiferin （peak 7） and isoorientin （peak 9）. The similarities of 52 batches of medicinal materials samples were all greater than 0.9； cluster analysis showed that S1-S46， S48-S52 clustered into one class， and S47 alone； PCA results showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first six principal components was 82.928%； OPLS-DA results showed that the corresponding components of swertiamarin， mangiferin and chemical composition represented by peak 4， 14， 15， 16 were the main iconic components affecting the quality differences of G. rhodantha medicinal materials. The contents of mangiferin in 52 batches of medicinal material samples ranged from 18.2 to 101.0 mg/g， mostly in accordance with 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSIONS The established UPLC fingerprint and chemometric analysis methods combined with content determination method of mangiferin can comprehensively evaluate the quality of G. rhodantha.

Objective:To explore the protective effect of methyl eugenol (Me) on islet ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:The islets were isolated and purified from 6-8 week male BALB/c mice and divided into four groups of normal control (normal culture without any treatment), hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R treatment), H/R+ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO dosing plus H/R treatment) and H/R+ Me (Me dosing plus H/R). Viability of islet cells in each group was detected by acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) double stain.Function of islet cells (insulin secretion) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Murine islet β Min6 cells were selected for detecting the effect of Me on the proliferative activity of normal cultured and H/R treated islet cells under different concentration gradients by CCK8.Then Min6 cells were divided into four groups of normal, H/R, H/R+ DMSO and H/R+ Me.The definition of group was the same as that of primary murine islets.Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 nuclear stain were utilized for detecting cell apoptotic rate in each group.The protein expressions of p-JNK, p-p38, JNK, p38, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot.And the data were processed by one-way ANOVA or t test.Results:The proportion of dead islet cells in H/R group was (29.47±2.65)% and it was significantly lower than that in normal group (7.63±1.53)%.And the inter-group differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). The proportion of dead islet cells was (20.63±3.07)% in H/R+ Me group.It was higher than that in H/R group (29.47±2.65)% and in H/R+ DMSO group (30.13±1.50)% and inter-group difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 & P<0.01). Under the stimulation of high glucose, the insulin secretion level of islet in H/R+ Me group was (1.76+ 0.08) mg/L, which was higher than that in H/R group and H/R+ DMSD group(1.24±0.14)mg/L and(1.27±0.05)mg/L, and the difference was statistically significant[(1.76±0.08) vs. (1.24±0.14) mg/L; (1.76±0.08) vs.(1.27±0.05) mg/L, P<0.01]. There was no significant effect on cell viability after Me dosing within a certain concentration range (0-40 μmol/L). After Me dosing (5 μmol/L), cell viability of H/R-treated Min6 cells was significantly higher than that without Me.And the difference was statistically significant[(1.19±0.03) vs.(1.00±0), P<0.01]. As compared with H/R and H/R+ DMSO groups, overall apoptotic rate declined in H/R+ Me group (Hoechst 33342 stain: 14.50%±1.05% vs. 23.30%±1.18%, 14.50%±1.05% vs. 22.77%±1.75%, P<0.001; Flow cytometry: 4.36%±0.54% vs. 21.44%±1.02%, 4.36%±0.54% vs. 21.68%±3.06%, P<0.01). The expressions of p-JNK and p-p38 were down-regulated (p-JNK: 0.77±0.06 vs. 1.03±0.05, 0.77±0.06 vs.0.93±0.04, P<0.001; p-p38: 0.80±0.05 vs. 1.01±0.08; 0.80±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.05, P<0.05) while Bcl-2/Bax ratio rose (1.62±0.13 vs. 0.72±0.10, 1.62±0.13 vs. 0.74±0.13, P<0.01). Conclusions:Me can improve the viability and function of islets and suppress the apoptosis of Min6 cells after H/R.The mechanism is correlated with JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

Percutaneous pulmonary puncture guided by computed tomography (CT) is one of the most effective tools for obtaining lung tissue and diagnosing lung cancer. Path planning is an important procedure to avoid puncture complications and reduce patient pain and puncture mortality. In this work, a path planning method for lung puncture is proposed based on multi-level constraints. A digital model of the chest is firstly established using patient's CT image. A Fibonacci lattice sampling is secondly conducted on an ideal sphere centered on the tumor lesion in order to obtain a set of candidate paths. Finally, by considering clinical puncture guidelines, an optimal path can be obtained by a proposed multi-level constraint strategy, which is combined with oriented bounding box tree (OBBTree) algorithm and Pareto optimization algorithm. Results of simulation experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, which has good performance for avoiding physical and physiological barriers. Hence, the method could be used as an aid for physicians to select the puncture path.
Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Punctures ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed