ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of modified Shuyuwan in treating vascular dementia （VaD） complicated with depression in mice. MethodThe VaD model was established by bilateral carotid artery stenosis （BCAS） in seven 3-month-old male C57/BL6 mice. The regional cerebral blood flow （rCBF） of mice was measured by laser speckle imaging before and after BCAS surgery. Then， the BCAS method was combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） to establish a mouse model of VaD complicated with depression. BCAS/CUMS mice were assigned into BCAS/CUMS， fluoxetine （0.01 g·kg^-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose （20， 10， 5 g·kg^-1， respectively） modified Shuyuwan groups. The shame group underwent sham operation without CUMS （n=10）. The tail suspension test and sucrose preference test were carried out to examine the depressive behaviors of mice. The distribution and expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein （MAG）， myelin basic protein （MBP）， neurofilament heavy polypeptide （NF200）， and anti-non-phosphorylated neurofilament epitope antibody （SMI32） in the corpus callosum （CC） were detected by the immunofluorescence assay. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of monocarboxylate transporter 1 （MCT1）， MBP， MAG， oligodendrocyte glycoprotein （MOG）， amyloid precursor protein （APP）， NF200， contactin-associated protein （Caspr）， and voltage-gated sodium channel （Nav1.6） in the corpus callosum. The level of lactic acid in the serum was measured by the lactic acid assay kit， and the ultrastructure of myelin was observed by ultraprojective electron microscope. ResultLaser speckle imaging showed that rCBF decreased immediately 10 min after BCAS surgery （P<0.01）， and the rCBF was still cerebral hypoperfusion and did not return to the preoperative level 2 weeks after surgery. Behavioral test results showed that compared with the sham group， the BCAS/CUMS group presented decreased percentage of sucrose preference （P<0.01） and prolonged immobile time in the tail suspension test （P<0.01）. Compared with the BCAS/CUMS group， fluoxetine and modified Shuyuwan increased the percentage of sucrose preference （P<0.01） and shortened the immobile time in the tail suspension test （P<0.01）. The level of lactic acid was the highest in the BCAS/CUMS mice （P<0.01）， and modified Shuyuwan lowered the lactic acid level （P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the sham group， the BCAS/CUMS group presented decreased fluorescence intensity of MAG， MBP and NF200 and increased fluorescence intensity of SMI32 in the corpus callosum， and such changes were reversed by modified Shuyuwan at different doses and fluoxetine. Western blot results showed that compared with the sham group， the BCAS/CUMS modeling down-regulated the protein levels of MCT1， MBP， MOG， MAG， NF20， and Caspr （P<0.05， P<0.01） and up-regulated the protein levels of APP and Nav1.6 in the corpus callosum， and the above trends were reversed by modified Shuyuwan （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the sham group， BCAS/CUMS modeling led to myelin ultrastructure damage and axon atrophy， which were alleviated by modified Shuyuwan. ConclusionModified Shuyuwan can ameliorate the transport disorder of lactic acid between myelin sheath and axon by upregulating the expressin of MCT1， promote the regeneration of myelin sheath in the corpus callosum， and improve the integrity of myelin sheath structure， thereby alleviating depression in VaD mice.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics of primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) patients.Methods:Clinical features of 22 patients diagnosed as PPL admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2002 to May 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The median age was 56.4±13.3 years. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 1.0 (1.0, 3.0) months. The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain (15/22), weight loss (14/22) and jaundice (10/22). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in 15/20 (75%) patients. Only 2 (2/9, 22.2%) patients had increased CA199 levels and 2 (2/9, 22.2%) patients had increased CEA levels. The maximum tumor diameter was 5.0 (3.8, 6.9) cm. Contrast-enhanced CT mostly showed low enhancement lesions. Major pancreatic duct dilatation were rare on CT scan (4/20). Fifteen patients were confirmed by pancreatic pathology, of which 8 were obtained by surgery, 4 were obtained by CT or ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy, and 3 were obtained by EUS-FNA. The main pathological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (14/22). 19 patients received chemotherapy, and 6 patients died with a median follow-up of 5.0 (1.5, 35.5) months.Conclusions:PPL is rare and easy to be misdiagnosed. Elevated LDH levels, normal tumor markers, and non-dilatation of main pancreatic duct are important diagnostic clues. It is important to obtain pathology by EUS-FNA and other methods for definite diagnosis.

Objective:To determine the carrier frequency and hot-spot variants of a custom-designed expanded carrier screening (ECS) panel with 216 diseases (216-ECS panel) within a Chinese population of childbearing age.Methods:Whole-exome sequencing data from a cohort of 3 097 unrelated healthy individuals (including 1 424 couples) from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2013 and December 2023 were analyzed. Totally 220 genes which inherited in a recessive manner of 216-ECS panel were included in the analysis. The analysis included variant carrier rate, gene carrier rate, cumulative carrier rate, at-risk couple rates, and variant spectrum.Results:(1) Pathogenic variants were identified in 1 472 (47.53%, 1 472/3 097) individuals, with an average of 0.65 pathogenic variants per individual. The rate of at-risk couples was 3.93% (56/1 424). (2) A total of 180 genes were identified, with 16 genes exhibiting a gene carrier rate of ≥1% and 33 genes having a rate of ≥0.5%, most of which were associated with inherited metabolic diseases. Noteworthy genes with higher gene carrier rates and high-frequency variants included GJB2: c.235del, PAH: c.728G>A, ATP7B: c.2333G>T, SLC26A4: c.919-2A>G, GALC: c.1901T>C, POLG: c.2890C>T, SLC22A5: c.1472C>G, USH2A: c.2802T>G, SLC25A13: c.852_855del, GAA: c.761C>T and c.752C>T. Conclusion:This study offers a focused analysis of carrier frequencies and hot-spot variants of 216 diseases of the ECS panel constructed by our laboratory among the Chinese population, laying a foundation for the development of ECS programs tailored to the Chinese population.

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of poor surgical incision healing after gynecologic open surgery in elderly patients, and to construct a risk prediction model.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect perioperative data from 255 elderly patients(age ≥60 years at the time of surgery)who underwent gynecologic open abdominal surgery in Beijing Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023, and the patients were divided into 204 cases of the well-healed group and 51 cases of the poorly healed group according to the healing of their abdominal incision conditions, and all the included samples were randomly split into the training set of 179 cases and the validation set of 76 cases according to a ratio of 7∶3.Risk factors for poor incision healing were screened using univariate analysis and multifactorial Logistic regression analysis, and a column-line diagram model was constructed.The predictive value of the model was examined using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve, the internal validation of the model was performed using the Bootstrap method, the clinical application value of the model was evaluated by plotting the calibration curve, and the predictive performance of the model was compared by calculating the net reclassification index(NRI)and the integrated discriminant improvement index(IDI).Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that age, body mass index(BMI), preoperative abdominal wall thickness, intraoperative bleeding, preoperative albumin, postoperative minimum albumin, ascites, nature of the disease, and perioperative albumin supplementation were correlated with abdominal incision healing(all P<0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that perioperative albumin supplementation( OR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.44, P=0.008), age( OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.52, P<0.001), preoperative abdominal wall thickness( OR=5.75, 95% CI: 2.81-15.74, P<0.001), and postoperative minimum albumin( OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.97, P=0.017)were the influencing factors of abdominal incision healing.Plotting the ROC curves of the column-line graphical model showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the training set and the internal validation set were 0.982(95% CI: 0.967-0.997)and 0.961(95% CI: 0.906-1.000), respectively.The model was validated using the Bootstrap self-sampling method, and the calibration curve showed that the model predicted well with good calibration, and NRI and IDI indicated that the predictive value of the four combined was higher than that of a single index for poor incision healing. Conclusions:The prediction model established in this study(including 4 indicators of age, preoperative abdominal wall thickness, perioperative albumin supplementation, and postoperative minimum albumin)has been statistically tested and internally validated to predict the risk of poorly healed abdominal incisions in elderly women in the perioperative period, facilitating timely clinical adjustment of treatment for high-risk patients.

Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis shows a high degree of consistency with the law of transmission among wei （卫）-qi-ying （营）-blood， in terms of the onset of the season， contagiousness， symptoms， pathogenesis， as well as characteristics of the transmission. It is proposed to use epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis as an example to explore the underlying disease of wei-qi-ying-blood syndrome differentiation system. Epidemic meningitis invades the brain from the upper respiratory tract along the nervous system， and its overall pathogenesis follows from entering the lung system （prodromal period） to entering the blood （bacteremia period， sepsis period） and then entering the brain （shock period）. According to the four-dimensional qualitative principle of epidemic pathogen tropism， it corresponds to disease of both wei and qi syndrome， then blazing of both qi and ying syndrome， and then heat blocking pericardium， exuberant heat stirring wind， and internal block and external collapse syndrome. This article explored the laws of transmission among wei-qi-ying-blood and its underlying diseases described in On Warm Heat （《温热论》）， and revealed the original appearance of the disease model under the laws of transmission among wei-qi-ying-blood to guide the clinical practice.

【Objective】 To investigate the possibility of using voiding diary (VD) to predict desmopressin diacetate arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) and enuresis alarm (EA) in the treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). 【Methods】 A total of 100 children (aged 6 to 14 years) with PMNE treated during Jan.2018 and Oct.2022 were involved. Bladder type was classified with two-week VD. Pseudo-randomization was performed using the Danish REDCap system to group patients into the randomized group and VD group. All patients were treated for 8 weeks. 【Results】 A total of 82 cases met the inclusive criteria. The effective rate was 82.50% (33/40) and 59.52% (25/42) in the VD and randomized groups, respectively, with significant difference (χ²=5.224, P=0.022). In the randomized group, if VD was not considered, the effective rate in the DDAVP and EA subgroups was 81.82% (18/22) and 25.00% (5/20), respectively, with significant difference (χ²=13.625, P=0.000). 【Conclusion】 VD can predict the therapeutic effects of PMNE. It is necessary to record VD for two weeks before selecting appropriate treatment methods. For patients who choose treatment without reference to VD, DDAVP shows better response than EA, but the recurrence rate after discontinuation of treatment requires further follow-up.

Background The risks of unhealthy working mood and physical and mental health problems are high in the workers of petrochemical enterprises. Resilience is a positive psychological factor, which can provide positive ability to manage stress and job burnout, relieve tension, depression, anxiety, and other psychological discomfort. Objective To explore the moderating or mediating effect of resilience on the association between job burnout and sleep disorders in workers of petrochemical enterprises. Methods A survey with questionnaire of general information, resilience, job burnout (including exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy), and sleep disorders was conducted among 1087 workers who were selected by cluster sampling from a petrochemical enterprise in Henan Province in April 2022. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to test the differences of scores among different demographic groups. Resilience, job burnout (including exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy), and sleep disorder scores were analyzed by partial correlation analysis. The moderating effect of resilience was examined by linear regression analysis, and the mediating effect of resilience by Bootstrap method. Results A total of 861 questionnaires were collected, of which 857 were effective, and the effective rate was 99.5%. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of job burnout score was 1.24 (0.65, 2.22) and the incidence of job burnout was 36.4% (312/857); the scores [M (P₂₅, P₇₅)] of exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy were 1.40 (0.80, 3.00), 1.00 (0.20, 1.60), and 5.50 (4.00, 6.00), respectively. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of resilience score was 36.00 (30.00, 41.00). The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of sleep disorder score was 11.00 (7.00, 15.00). The partial correlation analysis results showed that job burnout, exhaustion, and cynicism were negatively correlated with resilience (r=−0.387, −0.248, −0.247, P<0.01), and positively correlated with sleep disorders (r=0.455, 0.445, 0.357, P<0.01); professional efficacy was positively correlated with resilience (r=0.366, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with sleep disorders (r=−0.184, P<0.01); resilience was negatively correlated with sleep disorders (r=−0.349, P<0.01). The linear regression analysis results found that job burnout, exhaustion, and cynicism elevated the risk of sleep disorders (P<0.01), resilience lowered the risk of sleep disorders (P<0.01); but the relationship between job burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy) and sleep disorders was not moderated by resilience (P＞0.05). The mediating effect test showed that resilience played a partial mediating role in the associations of job burnout, exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy with sleep disorders, the mediating effects were 0.522 (95%CI: 0.283-0.777), 0.310 (95%CI: 0.188-0.453), 0.364 (95%CI: 0.228-0.524), −0.542 (95%CI: −0.741-−0.366) and the mediating effects accounted for 17.31%, 14.12%, 19.24%, and 64.72% of the total effects, respectively. Conclusion The relationship between job burnout and sleep disorders is partially mediated by resilience among workers in the selected petrochemical company, but no moderating effect is found.

Objective:To deeply explore the potential mechanism of Kangmin Zhisou Granules in the treatment of bronchial asthma through network pharmacology method; To verify it with animal experiments.Methods:The active components and corresponding target information of Kangmin Zhisou Granules were screened with the help of BATMAN-TCM database, and the related disease targets of bronchial asthma were obtained through GeneCards and OMIM databases. The drug targets and bronchial asthma targets were intersected and imported String database was used to establish PPI network. Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used to draw the network diagram of "Chinese materia medica-active components-intersection targets" and the core targets were screened. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the core targets using DAVID database. A mouse model of asthma induced by ovalbumin was prepared. After the intervention of Kangmin Zhisou Granules, the pathological changes of mouse lung tissue were observed, and the contents of serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 β were detected by ELISA.Results:Totally 240 active components and 1 364 potential targets were obtained from Kangmin Zhisou Granules. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), protein kinase B (AKT1), albumin (ALB), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and other 11 core targets were obtained after screening. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the treatment of bronchial asthma by Kangmin Zhisou Granules mainly involved the positive regulation of protein phosphorylation, the regulation of inflammatory response, lipopolysaccharide response and other biological processes, as well as TNF, activated protein kinase (MAPK), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and other signaling pathways. Animal experiments confirmed that Kangmin Zhisou Granules could reduce the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in serum ( P<0.05), and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of mice, thereby relieving asthma symptoms. Conclusion:Kangmin Zhisou Granules may exert anti-inflammatory effects by acting on TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and other targets to alleviate asthma symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out genetic analysis for a fetus with confined placental mosaicism (CPM) for trisomy 2 (T2) in conjunct with fetal uniparental disomy (UPD). METHODS: Amniocentesis and chromosomal karyotyping was carried out for a pregnant woman with a high risk for chromosome 2 anomalies indicated by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) and trio-whole exome sequencing (Trio-WES) were carried out. Ultrasonography was used to closely monitor the fetal growth. Multifocal sampling of the placenta was performed after delivery for copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq). RESULTS: The fetus was found to have a normal chromosomal karyotype. SNP-array has revealed multiple regions with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 2. Trio-WES confirmed the presence of maternal UPD for chromosome 2. Ultrasonography has revealed intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios. Intrauterine fetal demise had occurred at 23⁺⁴ weeks of gestation. Pathological examination had failed to find salient visceral abnormality. The placenta was proved to contain complete T2 by CNV-seq. CONCLUSION T2 CPM can cause false positive result for NIPT and may be complicated with fetal UPD, leading to adverse obstetric outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios and intrauterine fetal demise.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Amniocentesis ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics* ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Fetal Death ; Fetal Growth Retardation/genetics* ; Fetus ; Mosaicism ; Oligohydramnios ; Placenta ; Trisomy/genetics* ; Uniparental Disomy/genetics*

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in China. The integration of Chinese and Western medicine is an important feature of Chinese COVID-19 prevention and treatment. According to a series of evidence-based studies, TCM can reduce the infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in high-risk groups. For patients with mild and moderate forms of COVID-19, TCM can relieve the related signs and symptoms, shorten the period of nucleic-acid negative conversion, and reduce conversion rate to the severe form of the disease. For COVID-19 patients with severe and critical illnesses, TCM can improve inflammatory indicators and blood oxygen saturation, shorten the hospital stay, and reduce the mortality rate. During recovery, TCM can improve patients' symptoms, promote organ function recovery, boost the quality of patients' life, and reduce the nucleic-acid repositive conversion rate. A series of mechanism research studies revealed that capability of TCM to treat COVID-19 through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, immune regulation, and protection of organ function via a multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway approach.
Humans ; COVID-19 ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Epidemics