Cognitive dysfunction refers to dysfunction of individual perception,memory,understanding,learning,creation and other dysfunctions caused by abnormal brain function and structure.Based on the fact that the spleen can't regulate transportation and transformation,govern blood and send up essential substance,combined with the microbiota-gut-brain axis,this article discussed the etiology and pathogenesis of intestinal flora imbalance affecting cognitive dysfunction in TCM.It was proposed that the spleen in TCM and intestinal flora are connected in physiology and pathology:the spleen regulates spirit and governs cognition,when the spleen fails to function normally that it can't dominate transportation and transformation,govern blood and send up essential substance will cause that the brain spirit can not be nourished;intestinal flora is closely related to the spleen in TCM,and affects brain function through the nervous system,endocrine,immune and metabolic mechanisms.This article can provide explore new ideas for the clinical research and treatment of cognitive dysfunction of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Objective:To analyze the X-ray imaging characteristics of calcaneus in adult patients with osteoarticular diseases and its impact on disease diagnosis.Methods:Totally 78 patients (156 ankle joints) with osteoarticular diseases admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from June 2019 to June 2022 were selected as research subjects, including 72 cases of osteoarthritis and 6 cases of Kashin-Beck disease. Another 50 volunteers who underwent health examination in this hospital during the same period were selected as control group, all of them underwent calcaneal X-ray examination. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of calcaneal X-ray parameters in predicting adult osteoarticular diseases.Results:Among 72 patients with osteoarthritis, 63 cases (87.50%) showed joint surface sclerosis in the calcaneal X-ray changes. Forty-seven cases (65.28%) had narrowing of the subtalar joint space; 14 cases showed disappearance of the subtalar joint space, accounting for 19.44%. Among the 6 patients with Kashin-Beck disease, the X-ray changes of the calcaneus showed joint surface sclerosis in 6 cases, narrowing of the subtalar joint space in 4 cases, and disappearance of the subtalar joint space in 2 cases. The length, height, Bohler angle, Gissane angle, and inclination angle of the calcaneus in patients with Kashin-Beck disease were all smaller than those in the osteoarthritis group and the control group, the height to length ratio of the calcaneus was higher than that in the osteoarthritis group and the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The length, height, Bohler angle, Gissane angle, and inclination angle of the calcaneus in patients of the osteoarthritis group were all smaller than those in the control group, and the height to length ratio of the calcaneus was higher than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of Bohler angle, Gissane angle, and the height to length ratio of the calcaneus in predicting osteoarticular diseases (72 patients with osteoarthritis) were 92.5%, 87.6% and 80.4%, respectively, with specificity of 73.0%, 68.8% and 63.1%, respectively. Conclusion:The calcaneal X-ray manifestations of adult patients with osteoarticular diseases vary greatly, among which Bohler angle, Gissane angle, and height to length ratio of the calcaneus have certain accuracy in diagnosis of osteoarthritis.

Spinal surgical site infection (SSI), especially deep SSI after internal fixation is difficult in treatment, with long course of disease and poor prognosis. At present, there are many controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, with unsatisfactory overall efficacy of its diagnosis and treatment. Besides, no diagnosis and treatment guideline based on evidence-based medicine has been in existence. To this end, the Spinal Infection Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Spinal Infection Group of the Spinal Surgery Branch of the Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine Association jointly organized relevant experts to formulate Evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of surgical site infection in spinal trauma ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 10 recommendations were proposed on the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, so as to provide a clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI.

Spinal surgical site infection (SSI), especially deep SSI after internal fixation is difficult in treatment, with long course of disease and poor prognosis. At present, there are many controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, with unsatisfactory overall efficacy of its diagnosis and treatment. Besides, no diagnosis and treatment guideline based on evidence-based medicine has been in existence. To this end, the Spinal Infection Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Spinal Infection Group of the Spinal Surgery Branch of the Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine Association jointly organized relevant experts to formulate Evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of surgical site infection in spinal trauma ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 10 recommendations were proposed on the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, so as to provide a clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI.

Objective To investigate the expression of TP53, PDGF and EGFR in primary astrocytomas, and analyze their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods We analyzed retrospectively the clinicopathological data of 90 patients with primary astrocytoma. The expressions of TP53, PDGF and EGFR in primary astrocytoma tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. The survival of patients was followed up and Cox regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic factors. Results TP53 was expressed in the nucleus, PDGF and EGFR were expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The positive expression rates of TP53, PDGF and EGFR were 58.89%, 51.11% and 48.89%, significantly higher than those in normal brain tissues (all P < 0.05); the positive expression rate of TP53 in patients with tumor size ≥3 cm was higher than that in patients with tumor size < 3 cm. The positive expression rates of TP53, PDGF and EGFR in patients with WHO stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ were higher than those in patients with WHO stageⅠ-Ⅱ(all P < 0.05); the survival time of patients with positive expression of TP53, PDGF and EGFR were shorter than those of negative expression (all P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis found that WHO staging, TP53, PDGF and EGFR were all factors influencing the prognosis of primary astrocytomas patients. Conclusion TP53, PDGF and EGFR are highly expressed in primary astrocytomas and closely related to tumor progression. They are factors that affect the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To explore the changes in serum metabolic profile in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to identify the diagnostic biomarkers in order to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis of OSCC.Methods:In total, 76 OSCC patients who were diagnosed at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and 70 healthy individuals who at the Department of Medical Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2019 to January 2020 were recruited in The study. According to the random number table method, all subjects were divided into a test group ( n=96) and a verification group ( n=50). Subjects in the test group consisted of 51 OSCC patients and 45 healthy subjects and subjects in the verification group included 25 OSCC patients and 25 healthy individuals. Serum samples and clinical data of each of the subjects were collected. The serum samples were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least square discrimination analysis and t-test were used to profile the differential metabolites in the test group. Pathway analysis of differential metabolites was performed. In addition, binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used in order to establish the potential diagnostic panel. Results:Twenty-one endogenous differential metabolites were identified showing significant association with OSCC. Results of pathway analysis suggested that OSCC associated with lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism ( P<0.05). A novel diagnostic panel consisting of lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (16∶0/0∶0), LysoPC[18∶1(9z)/0∶0], taurine and D-glutamic acid was defined. The panel performed a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.998, 95% CI: 0.994-0.999, P<0.05). Conclusions:There were obvious lipid and amino acid metabolism disorders in OSCC patients. It was an effective method to establish a diagnostic model by metabolomics.

Polycomb group (PcG) ring finger protein 6 (PCGF6), though known as a member of the transcription-repressing complexes, PcG, also has activation function in regulating pluripotency gene expression. However, the mechanism underlying the activation function of PCGF6 is poorly understood. Here, we found that PCGF6 co-localizes to gene activation regions along with pluripotency factors such as OCT4. In addition, PCGF6 was recruited to a subset of the super-enhancer (SE) regions upstream of cell cycle-associated genes by OCT4, and increased their expression. By combining with promoter capture Hi-C data, we found that PCGF6 activates cell cycle genes by regulating SE-promoter interactions via 3D chromatin. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism of PcG protein in regulating pluripotency, and provide a research basis for the therapeutic application of pluripotent stem cells.

Objective To explore the psychological projection on improving the quality of marriage of patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy. Methods From January to December 2015, a total of 32 breast cancer patients with postoperative chemotherapy who admitted to Department of General Surgery Huai'nan North Hospital and Huai'nan Eastern Hospital were selected as the research object. Olson marital quality questionnaire was issued when patients firstly receiving chemotherapy in hospital, at the same time they were evaluated by the Rorschach Inkblot Test. In view of the negative projection in the patient's test, the intervention was carried out by painting projective therapy, sand plate therapy, deep hypnosis and cognitive behavioral therapy. The marital quality of patients were investigated again at 1 month after discharge or the second time receiving chemotherapy. The scores of Olson marital quality questionnaire were compared before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention of psychological projection, the score of marital satisfaction, husband and wife communication and sexual life dimension in the Olson quality of marriage questionnaire were (33.3±5.6), (30.9±5.5) and (28.2±4.2) respectively. The scores of each dimension after intervention were (36.1±4.6), (34.2±4.3), and (30.7±5.3) respectively. They were all improved in the Olson marital quality questionnaire, and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.19, 2.67,2.09; P<0.05). Conclusions The intervention of psychological projection can relieve the physical and psychological trauma caused by breast cancer in patients with postoperative chemotherapy of breast cancer and improve the quality of marriage.

Objective To evaluate the application value of F wave by comparison with quantitative sensory testing(QST)and nerve conduction studies(NCS)in diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods Three hundred and fourteen diabetic patients with symptom of DPN were retrospectively analyzed, who were recruited and divided into four groups according the course of diabetes mellitus: ≤ 3 years group, 4-6 years group, 7-9 years group and >9 years group. The abnormal rates of QST, NCS and F wave were analyzed and compared. Results At earlier course of disease (≤ 3 years group, 4- 6 years group), the abnormal rate of QST [76.54%(62/81), 91.67% (88/96)]>F wave[(48.15%(39/81),64.58%(62/96)]>NCS[(32.10%(26/81),47.92%(46/96)], and there were significant differences(P<0.01).The abnormal rate of QST, F wave and NCS at 7-9 years group and>9 years group had no significant differences(P>0.05).The abnormal rate of QST in 4-6 years group[(91.67%(88/96)]was higher than that in≤3 years group[(76.54%(62/81)],and decreased in 7-9 years group and >9 years group. The abnormal rate of NCS was increased with course of disease, and the range was obviously between close together group. The abnormal rate of F wave was increased with course of disease,but in 4-6 years group the range was obvious and the range was slow down.At earlier course of disease (≤3 years group, 4-6 years group), the abnormal rate of only F wave significantly increased the abnormal rate of NCS + F wave from 30.86%(25/81), 44.79% (43/96)to 46.91%(38/81), 61.46%(59/96)respectively, but in 7-9 years group and>9 years group, the abnormal rate of only F wave increased the abnormal rate of NCS + F wave from 69.44%(50/72), 84.61%(55/65)to 72.22% (52/72),86.15%(56/65).Conclusions Although the abnormal rate of F wave is not as high as QST, it is still remarkable. Detection of F wave shows positive correlations with the course of disease, which can reflect the course of disease objectively and reliably.The added F wave detection can distinctly raise the abnormal rates on the base of NCS.

As the human population ages and the life expectancy increases,tendon injuries will become more prevalent,especially among young individuals.Though the traditional operative therapy for tendon lesion can relieve the suffering of patients,the functional reconstruction is usually not optimistic.Tissue engineering is an advancing field,as the technology of construction in vitro and application in vivo matures,that can provide a more promising approach for tendon repair without tendon autograft.Challenges and future directions in the field of tendon tissue engineering focusing on four key parameters:seed cells,novel scaffolds,and mechanical stimulation.Recently,the discovery of TDSCs (tendon-derived stem cells) provides new ideas for the selection of seed cells and effect of mechanical stimulation on the tendon tissue engineering has become a hot spot.This article provides a review of recent progress in research about seed cells,scaffolds and mechanical stimulation for tendon engineering,and also speculates on the development in the future.