As a physical treatment technique, modified electro-convulsive therapy (MECT) is used to treat mental and certain neurological disorders by causing seizures with short, suitable electrical currents applied to the brain while the patient is under general anesthesia and muscle relaxants. MECT is recognized for its therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, rendering it one of the most prevalent interventions in psychiatric care. To enhance clinical outcomes and minimize adverse effects, this consensus document delineates the indications, therapeutic parameters, therapeutic procedures, potential adverse effects, and associated management strategies for MECT. These guidelines are informed by the latest clinical research and expert consensus, integrating evidence-based medicine methodologies. The objective is to furnish clinicians with precise operational guidelines and to advance the standardization of MECT practices in clinical settings.

Objective:To explore the relationship between impulsivity traits,anxiety,and symptoms of eating disorders,with a focus on the mediating effect of anxiety between impulsivity and eating disorder symptoms.Me-thods:A total of 244 patients with eating disorders meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa(AN)and bulimia nervosa(BN)were enrolled,and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1(EDI-1),Barratt Impulsive-ness Scale(BIS-11),and the State Anxiety Inventory(SAI)were assessed.Mediation role analysis was performed by SPSS macro PROCESS program.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of BIS-11,SAI and EDI-1 in AN and BN patients(AN,r=0.56,0.63,0.72;P＜0.001.BN,r=0.51,0.31,0.56;P＜0.001 or P＜0.01).The total score of SAI played a mediating effect between the total score of BIS-11 and the total score of EDI-1,but the total score of SAI played a partial mediating effect(effect ratio was 46.9％)in patients with AN,and the total score of SAI played a full mediating effect in patients with BN.Conclusion:Impulsive trait and anxiety may be positive predictors of eating disorder symptoms.Anxiety mediates the relationship between impul-sivity trait and eating disorder symptoms,with a partial mediating effect in patients with AN and a full mediating effect in patients with BN.

Objective:To explore the relationship between impulsivity traits,anxiety,and symptoms of eating disorders,with a focus on the mediating effect of anxiety between impulsivity and eating disorder symptoms.Me-thods:A total of 244 patients with eating disorders meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa(AN)and bulimia nervosa(BN)were enrolled,and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1(EDI-1),Barratt Impulsive-ness Scale(BIS-11),and the State Anxiety Inventory(SAI)were assessed.Mediation role analysis was performed by SPSS macro PROCESS program.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of BIS-11,SAI and EDI-1 in AN and BN patients(AN,r=0.56,0.63,0.72;P＜0.001.BN,r=0.51,0.31,0.56;P＜0.001 or P＜0.01).The total score of SAI played a mediating effect between the total score of BIS-11 and the total score of EDI-1,but the total score of SAI played a partial mediating effect(effect ratio was 46.9％)in patients with AN,and the total score of SAI played a full mediating effect in patients with BN.Conclusion:Impulsive trait and anxiety may be positive predictors of eating disorder symptoms.Anxiety mediates the relationship between impul-sivity trait and eating disorder symptoms,with a partial mediating effect in patients with AN and a full mediating effect in patients with BN.

As a physical treatment technique, modified electro-convulsive therapy (MECT) is used to treat mental and certain neurological disorders by causing seizures with short, suitable electrical currents applied to the brain while the patient is under general anesthesia and muscle relaxants. MECT is recognized for its therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, rendering it one of the most prevalent interventions in psychiatric care. To enhance clinical outcomes and minimize adverse effects, this consensus document delineates the indications, therapeutic parameters, therapeutic procedures, potential adverse effects, and associated management strategies for MECT. These guidelines are informed by the latest clinical research and expert consensus, integrating evidence-based medicine methodologies. The objective is to furnish clinicians with precise operational guidelines and to advance the standardization of MECT practices in clinical settings.

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Sensitivity to Pun-ishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Revised and Clarified(SPSRQ-RC)in patients with eating disor-ders.Methods:Totally 111 patients with eating disorders meeting diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 were assessed with SPSRQ-RC,Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11(BIS-11),Trait Anxiety Inventory(TAI)and Eating Disorder Exami-nation Questionnaire 6.0(EDE-Q 6.0).Results:Three factors were extracted from the items by exploratory factor analysis with cumulative variance being 55.65％.The interclass correlation coefficient(ICC)of SR and BIS-11 was 0.26,the ICC of SP and TAI was 0.25,and the correlation coefficient of the SPSRQ-RC and EDE-Q 6.0 was 0.35.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the SPSRQ-RC was 0.83,the test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.82.Conclusion:The Chinese version of SPSRQ-RC shows good psychometric properties in patients with eating disor-ders.

Objective:The Self-Compassion Scale(SCS)is used to evaluate self-compassion in general popu-lation.The study was designed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of SCS in patients with eating disorders.Methods:Ten experts in the related disciplines completed the content validity evaluation.A total of 136 patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)eating dis-order diagnostic criteria were surveyed with SCS to evaluate structural validity.Using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(SES),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0(EDE-Q 6.0)as gold criterion,the criterion validity of SCS was measured.Twenty patients were selected for retesting to e-valuate test-retest reliability.Results:The item-level content validity index(I-CVI)of each item was between 0.70 and 1.00,and the average scale-level content validity index(S-CVI/Ave)was 0.96,indicating good content validi-ty.Factor analysis indicated a good fit for the six-factor model with reasonable factor loadings:x2/df=1.70,RM-SEA=0.07,CFI=0.92,TLI=0.91.The Chinese version of the SCS had an ICC of 0.31 with both SES and SWLS,and a negative correlation with EDE-Q 6.0 scores(r=-0.32).The test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.80.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the SCS has moderate validity and high reliability in patients with eating disorders,and can provide a clinical measure tool for psychological assessment in the Chinese population with eating disorders.

Objective:To explore the gender differences in body mass index (BMI), behavioral symptoms, and psychological characteristics in patients with eating disorders (ED).Methods:A total of 986 ED patients, including 54 males and 932 females, who visited the Peking University Sixth Hospital from August 2008 to November 2015 were included in the study. A cross-sectional survey of ED-related clinical manifestations was conducted using the Eating Disorder Questionnaire (EDQ) and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1 (EDI-1). A 1∶4 propensity score matching was utilized to eliminate the potential effects of age and diagnostic category on the symptom presentation of ED patients. To further validate gender differences in symptoms, multiple linear regression was conducted. T-tests, rank sum tests, and chi-square tests were used to compare EDQ item data and EDI-1 scores between male and female ED patients. Network analysis was employed to identify the most critical symptoms of ED patients and compare them between genders.Results:After matching, 54 male and 213 female patients were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in age ( t=-0.02) and diagnostic composition (χ 2=0.28) between the groups (all P>0.05). The difference between desired and current BMI was significantly different between genders (1.3(-0.6, 3.2) kg/m 2 for males vs.-0.3(-2.3, 2.4) kg/m 2 for females; Z=-2.64, P<0.01), with males desiring a higher weight and females a lower weight. Fewer male ED patients chose to reduce staple food intake as a dieting method compared to females (41.5% (17/41) vs. 63.2% (117/185); χ 2=6.60, P=0.010). Males had lower scores than females for Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness ( Z=-3.19, -2.26, respectively; all P<0.05). After controlling for demographic variables and other factor scores, gender was found to significantly influence the Drive for Thinness factor score (β=3.10, P<0.001). Network analysis revealed that the core nodes for both male and female ED patients were Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness, consistent with the entire sample. Conclusions:Male ED patients exhibited a weaker motivation for thinness compared to female patients. In the symptom network analysis, Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness were identified as the most significant symptoms for both genders.

Objective:To explore anxiety and impulsivity in adult female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and the relationship with different dimensions of the core clinical symptoms.Methods:From June 2014 to October 2022, 96 patients with AN, from both outpatient clinics and inpatient wards, were enrolled from Peking University Sixth Hospital. Additionally, 51 control participants were recruited from the community. State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were used to evaluate the anxiety and impulsivity of each group.The Eating Disorder Inventory-1 (EDI-1) was used to assess clinical and other psychological characteristics of ED.Correlation and regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between anxiety, impulsivity, and core clinical symptoms of eating disorders.Results:(1) The total EDI-1 score for the AN group ((233.7±48.4) vs. (184.2±30.4), t=7.58, P<0.001) and scores in 7 subscales (Drive for Thinness: t=5.25, P<0.001; Bulimia: t=6.05, P<0.001; Ineffectiveness: t=7.91, P<0.001; Perfectionism: t=3.05, P=0.003; Interpersonal Distrust: t=5.50, P<0.001; Interoceptive Awareness: t=7.00, P<0.001; Maturity Fears: t=2.46, P=0.015) were significantly higher than the control group. (2) The AN group had significantly higher levels of state anxiety ( t=8.60, P<0.001), trait anxiety( t=7.40, P<0.001), total impulsivity( t=3.55, P<0.001), attentional impulsiveness( t=2.43, P=0.017) and motor impulsiveness( t=4.29, P<0.001) compared to the control group.(3)Correlation analysis showed that state anxiety, trait anxiety, attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, and non-planning impulsiveness were positively correlated with the drive for thinness( r=0.522, 0.577, 0.272, 0.387, 0.209, all P<0.05); State anxiety, trait anxiety, attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, and non-planning impulsiveness were also positively correlated with bulimia ( r=0.402, 0.471, 0.304, 0.514, 0.466, all P<0.01); Attentional impulsiveness, state anxiety, and trait anxiety were positively correlated with body dissatisfaction ( r=0.333, 0.448, 0.409, all P<0.01). Further ridge regression analysis indicated that trait anxiety in AN patients was an influencing factor of the drive for thinness ( t=3.13, P=0.002), state anxiety was an influencing factor of body dissatisfaction ( t=1.99, P=0.050), and motor impulsiveness and non-planning impulsiveness were the influencing factors of bulimia ( t=2.92, 2.79, all P<005). Conclusions:Patients with anorexia nervosa have higher anxiety and impulsivity, and the levels of anxiety and impulsivity in different dimensions are related to the core clinical symptoms of AN patients.

Objective:To explore the gender differences in body mass index (BMI), behavioral symptoms, and psychological characteristics in patients with eating disorders (ED).Methods:A total of 986 ED patients, including 54 males and 932 females, who visited the Peking University Sixth Hospital from August 2008 to November 2015 were included in the study. A cross-sectional survey of ED-related clinical manifestations was conducted using the Eating Disorder Questionnaire (EDQ) and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1 (EDI-1). A 1∶4 propensity score matching was utilized to eliminate the potential effects of age and diagnostic category on the symptom presentation of ED patients. To further validate gender differences in symptoms, multiple linear regression was conducted. T-tests, rank sum tests, and chi-square tests were used to compare EDQ item data and EDI-1 scores between male and female ED patients. Network analysis was employed to identify the most critical symptoms of ED patients and compare them between genders.Results:After matching, 54 male and 213 female patients were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in age ( t=-0.02) and diagnostic composition (χ 2=0.28) between the groups (all P>0.05). The difference between desired and current BMI was significantly different between genders (1.3(-0.6, 3.2) kg/m 2 for males vs.-0.3(-2.3, 2.4) kg/m 2 for females; Z=-2.64, P<0.01), with males desiring a higher weight and females a lower weight. Fewer male ED patients chose to reduce staple food intake as a dieting method compared to females (41.5% (17/41) vs. 63.2% (117/185); χ 2=6.60, P=0.010). Males had lower scores than females for Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness ( Z=-3.19, -2.26, respectively; all P<0.05). After controlling for demographic variables and other factor scores, gender was found to significantly influence the Drive for Thinness factor score (β=3.10, P<0.001). Network analysis revealed that the core nodes for both male and female ED patients were Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness, consistent with the entire sample. Conclusions:Male ED patients exhibited a weaker motivation for thinness compared to female patients. In the symptom network analysis, Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Awareness were identified as the most significant symptoms for both genders.

Objective:To explore anxiety and impulsivity in adult female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and the relationship with different dimensions of the core clinical symptoms.Methods:From June 2014 to October 2022, 96 patients with AN, from both outpatient clinics and inpatient wards, were enrolled from Peking University Sixth Hospital. Additionally, 51 control participants were recruited from the community. State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were used to evaluate the anxiety and impulsivity of each group.The Eating Disorder Inventory-1 (EDI-1) was used to assess clinical and other psychological characteristics of ED.Correlation and regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between anxiety, impulsivity, and core clinical symptoms of eating disorders.Results:(1) The total EDI-1 score for the AN group ((233.7±48.4) vs. (184.2±30.4), t=7.58, P<0.001) and scores in 7 subscales (Drive for Thinness: t=5.25, P<0.001; Bulimia: t=6.05, P<0.001; Ineffectiveness: t=7.91, P<0.001; Perfectionism: t=3.05, P=0.003; Interpersonal Distrust: t=5.50, P<0.001; Interoceptive Awareness: t=7.00, P<0.001; Maturity Fears: t=2.46, P=0.015) were significantly higher than the control group. (2) The AN group had significantly higher levels of state anxiety ( t=8.60, P<0.001), trait anxiety( t=7.40, P<0.001), total impulsivity( t=3.55, P<0.001), attentional impulsiveness( t=2.43, P=0.017) and motor impulsiveness( t=4.29, P<0.001) compared to the control group.(3)Correlation analysis showed that state anxiety, trait anxiety, attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, and non-planning impulsiveness were positively correlated with the drive for thinness( r=0.522, 0.577, 0.272, 0.387, 0.209, all P<0.05); State anxiety, trait anxiety, attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, and non-planning impulsiveness were also positively correlated with bulimia ( r=0.402, 0.471, 0.304, 0.514, 0.466, all P<0.01); Attentional impulsiveness, state anxiety, and trait anxiety were positively correlated with body dissatisfaction ( r=0.333, 0.448, 0.409, all P<0.01). Further ridge regression analysis indicated that trait anxiety in AN patients was an influencing factor of the drive for thinness ( t=3.13, P=0.002), state anxiety was an influencing factor of body dissatisfaction ( t=1.99, P=0.050), and motor impulsiveness and non-planning impulsiveness were the influencing factors of bulimia ( t=2.92, 2.79, all P<005). Conclusions:Patients with anorexia nervosa have higher anxiety and impulsivity, and the levels of anxiety and impulsivity in different dimensions are related to the core clinical symptoms of AN patients.