Mitophagy is a selective degradation process of damaged mitochondria in response to mitochondrial toxicity,which plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial quality and quantity.Abnormal mitophagy can cause or exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction,which is closely associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases.Given that cochlear hair cells are highly sensitive to energy metabolism,proper regulation of mitophagy is essential for maintaining auditory function.Mitochondrial damage resulting from mitophagy dysfunction involves diverse pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sensorineural hearing loss.This review summarizes the latest progress on mitophagy and its role in the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss,aiming to enhance our understanding of the involvement of mitophagy in auditory function and provide a theoretical basis for future research on targeted therapy for mitochondria.

Mitophagy is a selective degradation process of damaged mitochondria in response to mitochondrial toxicity,which plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial quality and quantity.Abnormal mitophagy can cause or exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction,which is closely associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases.Given that cochlear hair cells are highly sensitive to energy metabolism,proper regulation of mitophagy is essential for maintaining auditory function.Mitochondrial damage resulting from mitophagy dysfunction involves diverse pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sensorineural hearing loss.This review summarizes the latest progress on mitophagy and its role in the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss,aiming to enhance our understanding of the involvement of mitophagy in auditory function and provide a theoretical basis for future research on targeted therapy for mitochondria.

Objective:To statistically analyze the application and funding status in the endocrine system/metabolism and nutritional support(H07) since the establishment of the Department of Medical Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC). To understand the current states and development trends in the field of endocrine and metabolic disorders in China, providing a reference basis for future research.Methods:Based on the NSFC data platform, a statistical analysis was conducted on applications and funding of projects in the field of H07 in the Department of Medical Sciences of the NSFC from 2010 to 2023. The analysis covered funding rate, application code, and host institutions, summarizing the current status of basic research in the H07 field.Results:From 2010 to 2023, the total number of applications for grants under the H07 code was 22 566, with a total of 3 703 projects funded, resulting in an overall funding rate 16.4%, and the total funding amount of 187 687 million yuan. Applications and funded projects were primarily concentrated in General Projects and the Young Scientist Fund Projects. Over the 14 years, the total number of applications for General Projects, the Young Scientist Fund Projects, and Regional Science Fund Projects showed an overall upward trend, while the number of funded projects remained relatively stable and the funding rate declined year by year. Under H07 code, a total of 23 projects of the National Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars Projects and 11 Distinguished Young Scholars Projects were funded, and the funding rates were 12.1% and 12.5% respectively. The annual funding volume of Key Program fluctuated from 1 to 7, and the average funding rate in the past 14 years was 25.5%. The top four secondary codes in terms of application volume were H0708(30.8%), H0709(11.6%), H0712(11.4%), H0710(9.1%), and the top four secondary codes in terms of funding volume were H0708(27.9%), H0709(13.5%), H0712(10.9%), H0710(10.8%).Conclusions:With the support of the NSFC, basic research in the H07 discipline has made significant strides. The funded research spans diverse directions, talent nurturing, and extensive regional coverage. Diabetes continues to dominate as a primary research focus, alongside obesity, abnormal energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism disorders, which represent critical research areas within the field.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1),Golgi protein 73(GP73),interleukin-37(IL-37)and HBV-DNA load in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated chronic plus acute liver failure(HBV-ACLF)and the value of predicting prognosis.Methods A total of 112 HBV-ACLF patients from the 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force from July 2018 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,and were divided into death group(n=42)and sur-vival group(n=70)according to the clinical outcomes of HBV-CALF patients within 90 days after admis-sion.The clinical data and serum levels of HMGB1,GP73 and IL-37 of the two groups were compared,the prognotic factors of the HBV-CALF patient were analyzed,and the relationship between serum HMGB1,GP73 and IL-37 and HBV-DNA load was analyzed.The prognostic value of serum HMGB1,GP73 and IL-37 in HBV-CALF patients were evaluated.Results There were significant differences in disease stage,peritonitis,hepatic encephalopathy,pulmonary infection,HBV-DNA load and MELD score between the death group and the survival group(P＜0.05).Serum levels of HMGB1,GP73 and IL-37 in death group were higher than those in survival group(P＜0.05).Disease stage,peritonitis,hepatic encephalopathy,pulmonary infection,HBV-DNA load,MELD score and serum HMGB1,GP73 and IL-37 levels were all independent prognoses of HBV-ACLF patients(P＜0.05).The levels of serum HMGB1,GP73 and IL-37 in HBV-ACLF patients were negatively correlated with HBV-DNA load(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)values of serum HMGB1,GP73 and IL-37 in predicting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients were 0.781,0.790 and 0.782,re-spectively.The AUC value of the combined prediction was the largest(0.944),and the sensitivity and speci-ficity were 86.33％and 91.43％,respectively.Conclusion Serum HMGB1,GP73 and IL-37 levels are closely related to HBV-DNA load and prognosis of HBV-CALF patients,and the combined detection of these three indexes is helpful to improve prognosis prediction efficiency.

Background/Aims: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to drive tumor development and metastasis. Activin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are important cytokines with the ability to induce cancer stemness. However, the effect of activin and HGF combination treatment on CSCs is still unclear. Methods: In this study, we sequentially treated colorectal cancer cells with activin and HGF and examined CSC marker expression, self-renewal, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The roles of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), two stemness-related transcription factors, in activin/HGF-induced aggressive phenotype were explored. Results: Activin and HGF treatment increased the expression of CSC markers and enhanced sphere formation in colorectal cancer cells. The tumorigenic and metastatic capacities of colorectal cancer cells were enhanced upon activin and HGF treatment. Activin and HGF treatment preferentially promoted stemness and metastasis of CD133 + subpopulations sorted from colorectal cancer cells. FOXM1 was upregulated by activin and HGF treatment, and the knockdown of FOXM1 blocked activin/HGF-induced stemness, tumorigenesis, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells.Similarly, SOX2 was silencing impaired sphere formation of activin/HGF-treated colorectal cancers. Overexpression of SOX2 rescued the stem cell-like phenotype in FOXM1-depleted colorectal cancer cells with activin and HGF treatment. Additionally, the inhibition of FOXM1 via thiostrepton suppressed activin/HGF-induced stemness, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Conclusions Sequential treatment with activin and HGF promotes colorectal cancer stemness and metastasis through activation of the FOXM1/SOX2 signaling. FOXM1 could be a potential target for the treatment of colorectal cancer metastasis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and ambulatory blood pressure or heart rate in hypertensive patients. METHODS: A total of 585 patients, who performed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) from September 2018 to April 2019 in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, were enrolled and assigned into 2 groups (470 in a hypertensive group and 115 in a normal group). HbA1c levels were compared. According to the HbA1c level, the hypertensive group was divided into 2 subgroups: A high HbA1c group (HbA1c≥6.1%, RESULTS: The hypertensive group had higher HbA1c level than the normal group [(6.1±1.3)% vs (5.1±1.7)%, CONCLUSIONS In hypertensive patients, HbA1c is positively correlated with ambulate blood pressure, blood pressure load, and heart rate, and it has no correlation with blood pressure variability, heart rate variability, or morning blood pressure.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension

Objective:To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with hyperthyroidism-induced liver injury combined with type 1 diabetes complicated by Wernicke encephalopathy.Methods:Patients with hyperthyroidism-induced liver injury, type 1 diabetes and Wernicke encephalopathy co-existing consciousness disorders, contradiction between medication and dietary care, separation anxiety, and specificity of drugs shared by the above three diseases were given appropriate care and discharged health education and continued care.Results:After active treatment and nursing, the patient′s consciousness became clear, nausea and vomiting improved, and liver function and thyroid function indexes gradually returned to normal. The patient was treated with oral 131I and discharged without any adverse effects. Conclusions:The patient′s condition is complex and the clinical care is different from that of ordinary patient. The nurses detect the change of the condition early, adopt a personalized nursing plan for the contradiction between medication and diet of the patient, pay attention to psychological care, reduce the occurrence of complications, and ensure the smooth discharge of the patient.

Objective:To explore the effects of staged rehabilitation training on the dyspnea, motor function, and lung function of mechanically ventilated patients with severe pneumonia in ICU under the framework of a quantitative assessment strategy, and provide a scientific basis for clinical work.Methods:Totally 104 mechanically ventilated patients with severe pneumonia in ICU at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2018 to April 2020 were selected by the convenient sampling method, and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table, with 52 patients in each group. Patients in the control group received conventional rehabilitation training, while patients in the observation group underwent staged rehabilitation training under the framework of quantitative assessment strategy on the basis of the training provided to the control group. The incidence of complications, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time, compliance time of adequate enteral nutrition, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups of patients. The dyspnea scores, Medical Research Council (MRC) score, motor function, and lung function [peak respiratory flow (PEF) , forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1) , FEV 1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ] of the two groups were compared when they were admitted into the ICU, transferred from the ICU, and discharged from the hospital. Results:The mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time, and compliance time of adequate enteral nutrition in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . The PEF, FEV 1, FEV 1/FVC, and motor function in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the MRC score was lower than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . The incidence of complications in the observation group was 9.62% (5/52) , which was lower than 25.00% (13/52) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The nursing satisfaction in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:In the management of mechanically ventilated patients with severe pneumonia in the ICU, staged rehabilitation training under the framework of quantitative assessment strategies can reduce the symptoms of dyspnea, improve lung function, enhance mobility, and reduce the risk of complications through targeted and standardized training, which also helps to speed up disease recovery.

Objective To investigate the expression of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like-lectin-1 (Siglec-1)in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis ( AIT) and its relationship with AIT. To explore the moduratory role of activated Siglec-1 on the differentiation of T cells and the promotion of in flammation after PBMC culture. Methods The peripheral whole blood and serum samples were collected from 30 AIT patients with normal thyroid function and 30 sex-and age-matched controls. The expression of sSiglec-1 in serum was detected by ELISA. The expression of Siglec-1 in PBMC was detected by RT-PCR and WB. The expression of Siglec-1 in CD14+ monocytes and the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells in each group were detected by flow cytometry. The PBMC in AIT or control was stimulated with NaI in the presence or absence of LPS for 72 h. The expression of Siglec-1 in CD14+ monocytes and the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results sSiglec-1 in serum, Siglec-1 mRNA, and Siglec-1 protein in AIT patients'PBMC were higher than those in control group ( P＜0. 01). The expression of Siglec-1 in CD14+ monocytes by flow cytometry and differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells were significantly higher than that in control group ( both P＜0. 01). The expression of Siglec-1 in control and AIT patients was up-regulated by 5×10-5 mmol/L to 1×10-2 mmol/L stimulated with NaI in the presence or absence of LPS for 72 h (P＜0.01), but the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells was up-regulated only in patients (P＜0.01), and in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Elevated Siglec-1 expression in PBMCs and monocytes can potentially serve as a biomarker for AIT. Iodine may affect Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation by activating Siglec-1 to adjust the AIT immune response.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*