Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in cancer registration areas of Anhui Province from 2014 to 2020, so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods: The incidence and mortality data of esophageal cancer in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2020 was collected through the Cancer Registry in Anhui Province. The crude incidence and crude mortality were calculated. The Chinese population-standardized rate was standardized using the age structure of the standard population from the Fifth National Population Census in 2000. The trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer were analyzed using the average annual percent change (APPC), stratified by genders, urban/rural areas, and ages. Results: In Anhui Province, the rank of esophageal cancer incidence dropped from the third in 2014 to the sixth in 2020. Concurrently, the crude incidence and Chinese population-standardized incidence declined from 28.74/100 000 and 20.74/100 000 to 19.23/100 000 and 10.59/100 000, respectively (AAPC=-5.846%, -9.658%, both P<0.05). The mortality rank remained stable at the fourth in 2014 and 2020, while the crude mortality and Chinese population-standardized mortality decreased from 19.96/100 000 and 14.09/100 000 to 16.00/100 000 and 8.41/100 000, respectively (AAPC=-3.542%, -7.784%, both P<0.05). The Chinese population-standardized incidence (AAPC=-9.682%, -9.188%, -6.175% and -12.575%, all P<0.05) and Chinese population-standardized mortality (AAPC=-7.734%. -7.447%. -5.366% and -10.209%, all P<0.05) showed declining trends in males, females, urban, and rural areas, respectively. From 2014 to 2020 in Anhui Province, the crude incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer generally increased with age. However, significant declining trends were observed in crude incidence (AAPC=-12.779%, -11.701%, -11.955% and -5.751%, all P<0.05) and crude mortality (AAPC=-12.255%, -11.120%, -10.985% and -5.751%, all P<0.05) for the age groups of 40-<50, 50-<60, 60-<70, 70-<80 years. A significant declining trend in crude incidence was also seen in the ≥80 years group (APPC=-6.334%, P<0.05), but the trend in crude mortality was no statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion In registration areas of Anhui Province, the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer exhibited a declining trend from 2014 to 2020, calling for focused attention on the middle-aged and elderly population and enhanced health behaviors such as tobacco and alcohol control.

The clinical diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome combined with Fanconi syndrome is relatively rare. The paper reports a 47-year-old female patient of TINU syndrome with hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia and renal impairment as initial symptoms followed by uveitis. Serological tests showed that the patient also met the diagnostic criteria of Fanconi syndrome. Renal tissue pathology confirmed tubular interstitial injury, manifested as interstitial nephritis with acute tubular injury. Ophthalmic examination confirmed iritis in the right eye. After excluding other primary diseases, the patient was diagnosed as TINU syndrome with Fanconi syndrome. After glucocorticoid therapy, ocular symptoms, renal impairment and electrolyte disturbance were significantly improved.

Although olaparib has demonstrated substantial clinical benefits as maintenance therapy in BRCA mutation-carrying women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer, its effectiveness in patients without BRCA mutations remains poorly investigated. This study aims to provide the first evidence on the efficacy of mono-olaparib maintenance therapy in such context. Using real-world data from 11 high-volume tertiary care centers in China, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of olaparib as first-line maintenance therapy in patients with BRCA wild-type ovarian cancer. The primary objective was 1-year progression-free survival rate. Safety was also evaluated. Fifty patients with a median age of 54 years were included, and all of them tested negative for BRCA mutations but positive for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). The 1-year PFS rate was 75.2% (95% CI, 63.4 to 89.2), and the median PFS was 21.0 months (95% CI, 13.8 to 28.2). All the patients received olaparib at a starting dose of 300 mg twice daily, and none experienced serious adverse events (AEs). Eight (16%) patients had dose adjustment, but none discontinued olaparib treatment due to AEs. We provide the first evidence that mono-olaparib could be a safe and effective maintenance treatment option for patients newly diagnosed with HRD-positive/BRCA wild-type ovarian cancer.
Humans ; Female ; Phthalazines/adverse effects* ; Piperazines/administration & dosage* ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Aged ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/administration & dosage* ; China ; Maintenance Chemotherapy ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics* ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects* ; Progression-Free Survival ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the effect of liraglutide(LRG) on high glucose-induced oxidative stress injury in(H9c2) cardiomyocytes and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:A high glucose treatment was applied to H9c2 cells for 24 hours to establish an in vitro model of myocardial cell injury. Different concentrations of liraglutide(10, 100, 1000 nmol/L) were administered for intervention. Cell viability was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, and changes in cell morphology were observed under an inverted microscope. After 24 hours of liraglutide(100 nmol/L) intervention following high glucose treatment, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the cell supernatant were measured. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of silent information regulator factor 1(SIRT1) and forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1). Western blotting was also used to assess the acetylation level of FOXO1 protein. Small interfering RNA(siRNA) technology was employed to silence SIRT1 in H9c2 cells to confirm its role in the study. Results:Compared to the control group, the high glucose group showed decreased cell viability, cell structure damage, increased levels of LDH and MDA in the cell supernatant, decreased SOD levels, aggravated oxidative stress, decreased SIRT1 expression, and increased acetylation level of FOXO1(all P<0.05). Compared to the high glucose group, liraglutide intervention resulted in increased cell viability, improved cardiac cell morphology, reduced oxidative stress levels, increased SIRT1 expression, and decreased acetylation level of FOXO1(all P<0.05). When SIRT1 was downregulated, the protective effects of liraglutide were weakened(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Liraglutide has a protective effect against high glucose-induced oxidative stress injury in H9c2 cells, which may be associated with the upregulation of SIRT1 expression.

One of the distinct hallmarks of cancer cells is aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is thought to play a key role in aerobic glycolysis and has been extensively studied, while lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC), an isoform of LDHA, has received much less attention. Here we showed that human LDHC was significantly expressed in lung cancer tissues, overexpression of Ldhc in mice could promote tumor growth, and knock-down of LDHC could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells. We solved the first crystal structure of human LDHC4 and found that the active-site loop of LDHC4 adopted a distinct conformation compared to LDHA4 and lactate dehydrogenase B4 (LDHB4). Moreover, we found that (ethylamino) (oxo)acetic acid shows about 10 times selective inhibition against LDHC4 over LDHA4 and LDHB4. Our studies suggest that LDHC4 is a potential target for anticancer drug discovery and (ethylamino) (oxo)acetic acid provides a good start to develop lead compounds for selective drugs targeting LDHC4.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the technique of minimally invasive separation surgery with small incision and free hand screw placement in patients with spinal metastases.Methods:Retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 49 consecutive patients from May 2019 to December 2019 who underwent minimally invasive separation surgery with small incision and free hand screw placement for metastatic spinal tumors. Among them, there were 21 males with an average age of 55.62±2.97 years (range: 26-75 years) and 28 females with an average age of 52.50±1.76 years (range: 34-72 years). For patients who have primary tumor history with multiple metastases, routine pre-operative biopsy is not required; but for patients whose primary tumor is unknown and who have no history of tumor, pre-operative biopsy diagnosis is required. Before operation, Karnofsky Performance status (KPS) scoring system was used to evaluate the general condition of patients, Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) scoring system was used to evaluate the spine stability, epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) grading system was performed to access the degree of spinal cord nerve compression, and Frankel grading system was used to evaluate the neurological function. For patients who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria ware performed for decompression and internal fixation by a minimally invasive separation surgery with small incision and free hand screw placement. The demographic, neurological function, complications and perioperative data were collected and analyzed, including pre-operation neurological function, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative suction drainage, drainage tube extraction time, complications rates, hospital stay, and assessment of neurological recovery at 4 weeks after surgery.Results:Preoperative coil embolization was performed in 1 patient with kidney cancer. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 748.60±79.39 ml. Comparison of intraoperative blood loss of 12 rich blood supply (liver cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid cancer) and 37 poor blood supply spine metastases (970.80 ml vs 676.50 ml) was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The average operation time was 213.40±9.87 min. The operation involved 1 segment was performed in 41 patients (83.67%) and 8 patients had separation of 2 or more segments. The post-operative drainage before discharge was 494.02±63.30 ml. The average drainage tube retention time was 4.50±0.26 d and the average length of hospital stay was 7.35±0.38 d. The post-operative hospitalization was 5.31±0.29 d. 79.59% of patients had the neurological functions of Frankel grade C and D before surgery and 95.92% of patients exhibited stable and improved function at 4 weeks after surgery which was significantly improved comparing with that before surgery ( P<0.05). The complications occurred were dural rupture (1 case), infection (1 case) and hematoma (1 case). Comparison:The minimally invasive separation surgery with small incision and free hand screw placement could achieve less trauma, low complications rate, rapid postoperative recovery. It is also comparable to the traditional open separation surgery in terms of spinal stability and improvement of neurological functions. It is an excellent alternative for patient with spinal metastases.

Long-term primary culture of mammalian cells has been always difficult due to unavoidable senescence. Conventional methods for generating immortalized cell lines usually require manipulation of genome which leads to change of important biological and genetic characteristics. Recently, conditional reprogramming (CR) emerges as a novel next generation tool for long-term culture of primary epithelium cells derived from almost all origins without alteration of genetic background of primary cells. CR co-cultures primary cells with inactivated mouse 3T3-J2 fibroblasts in the presence of RHO-related protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, enabling primary cells to acquire stem-like characteristics while retain their ability to fully differentiate. With only a few years' development, CR shows broad prospects in applications in varied areas including disease modeling, regenerative medicine, drug evaluation, drug discovery as well as precision medicine. This review is thus to comprehensively summarize and assess current progress in understanding mechanism of CR and its wide applications, highlighting the value of CR in both basic and translational researches and discussing the challenges faced with CR.

17 patients with maxillary antral pseudocyst underwent side wall fenestration with simultaneous implantation of 38 implants and the upper denture repair, follow-up observation was conducted after repair for 6 to 24 months (an average of 11. 4 months) . Good osseointegration was observed in all cases. No implant shedding or bone resorption occurred during the follow-up period, and the antrol pseudo cyst disappeared or decreased. Dental implantation simulataneously with maxillary sinus augmentation is effective in the management of maxillary implantation for the cases with antrol pseudocyst.

Objective: To explore the influence of three-level collaboration network of pediatric burns in Anhui province on treatment effects of burn children. Methods: The data of medical records of pediatric burn children transferred from Lu′an People′s Hospital and Fuyang People′s Hospital to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2014 to December 2015 and January 2016 to September 2017 (before and after establishing three-level collaboration network of pediatric burns treatment) were analyzed: percentage of transferred burn children to hospitalized burn children in corresponding period, gender, age, burn degree, treatment method, treatment result, occurrence and treatment result of shock, and operative and non-operative treatment time and cost. Rehabilitation result of burn children transferred back to local hospitals in 2016 and 2017. Data were processed with t test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher′s exact test. Results: (1) Percentage of burn children transferred from January 2014 to December 2015 was 34.3% (291/848) of the total number of hospitalized burn children in the same period of time, which was close to 30.4% (210/691) of burn children transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 (χ²=2.672, P>0.05). (2) Gender, age, burn degree, and treatment method of burn children transferred from the two periods of time were close (χ²=3.382, Z=-1.917, -1.911, χ²=3.133, P>0.05). (3) Cure rates of children with mild, moderate, and severe burns transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 were significantly higher than those of burn children transferred from January 2014 to December 2015 (χ²=11.777, 6.948, 4.310, P<0.05). Cure rates of children with extremely severe burns transferred from the two periods of time were close (χ²=1.181, P>0.05). (4) Children with mild and moderate burns transferred from the two periods of time were with no shock. The incidence of shock of children with severe burns transferred from January 2014 to December 2015 was 6.0% (4/67), and 3 children among them were cured. The incidence of shock of children with severe burns transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 was 3.9% (2/51), and both children were cured. The incidences and cures of shock of children with severe burns transferred from the two periods of time were close (χ²=0.006, P>0.05). Incidence of shock of children with extremely severe burns transferred from January 2014 to December 2015 was 57.1% (32/56), significantly higher than that of burn children transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 [34.5% (10/29), χ²=3.925, P<0.05]. Shock of 25 children with extremely severe burns transferred from January 2014 to December 2015 were cured, and shock of 9 children with extremely severe burns transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 were cured. The cures of shock of children with extremely severe burns transferred from the two periods of time were close ( χ²=0.139, P>0.05). (5) Time of operative treatment of children with moderate, severe, and extremely severe burns transferred from January 2014 to December 2015 was obviously longer than that of burn children transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 (t=2.335, 2.065, 2.310, P<0.05). Time of operative treatment of children with mild burns transferred from the two periods of time was close (Z=-0.417, P>0.05). Costs of operative treatment of children with moderate and severe burns transferred from January 2014 to December 2015 were significantly more than those of burn children transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 (Z=-3.324, t=2.167, P<0.05). Costs of operative treatment of children with mild and extremely severe burns transferred from the two periods of time were close (t=0.627, 0.808, P>0.05). (6)Time of non-operative treatment of children with mild, moderate, and severe burns transferred from January 2014 to December 2015 was obviously longer than that of burn children transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 (t=2.335, Z=-2.095, t=2.152, P<0.05). Time of non-operative treatment of children with extremely severe burns transferred from the two periods of time was close (t=0.450, P>0.05). Costs of non-operative treatment of children with moderate and severe burns transferred from January 2014 to December 2015 were obviously higher than those of burn children transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 (Z=-2.164, t=2.040, P<0.05). Costs of non-operative treatment of children with mild and extremely severe burns transferred from the two periods of time were close (t=0.146, 1.235, P>0.05). (7) Sixty-seven burn children transferred from January 2016 to September 2017 were transferred back to local hospitals for rehabilitation under the guidance of experts of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, with 25 patients in 2016 and 42 patients in 2017. Effective rehabilitation rates of burn children transferred back to local hospitals for rehabilitation in 2016 and 2017 were both 100%. Conclusions The three-level collaboration network of pediatric burns treatment in Anhui province can effectively increase cure rate of children with mild, moderate, and severe burns, reduce incidence of shock of children with extremely severe burns, shorten time of operative treatment of burn children with moderate, severe, and extremely severe burns, and time of non-operative treatment of children with mild, moderate, and severe burns, reduce treatment costs of children with moderate and severe burns, and improve rehabilitation effectiveness of children transferred from Lu′an People′s Hospital and Fuyang People′s Hospital to the the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.

Objective To explore the effects of supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcino-ma on swallowing functions .Methods The data of 32 patients with supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma (laryngeal car-cinoma group) ,20 patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma (hypopharyngeal carcinoma group) and 81 cases of nor-mal persons of the same age (50～79) as a control (normal control group) who were diagnosed and treated in our department from 2015 December to 2017 February were evaluated by repeated saliva swallowing test ,watian drink-ing water test ,and endoscopic examination of swallowing .Results In the laryngeal carcinoma group ,we found swallowing dysfunctions in 17 cases(53 .13％ ,17/32) .In the hypopharyngeal carcinoma group ,we found swallo-wing dysfunctions in 15 cases(75 .00％ ,15/20) .For 81 cases of normal persons (normal control group) ,there were swallowing dysfunctions in 11 cases(13 .58％ ,11/81) .The statistical analysis of the laryngeal carcinoma and hypo-pharyngeal carcinoma groups with abnormal swallowing functions were significantly higher than the normal control group (P<0 .001) .In the laryngeal carcinoma group ,according to the anatomic site ,the tumors were divided into two groups :from 21 cases of epiglottis and fringe group ,we found swallowing dysfunctions in 14 cases (66 .67％ , 14/21);out of 11 cases of ventricular bands + laryngeal ventricle group , swallowing dysfunctions in 3 cases(27 .27％ ,3/11) .The differences between the two groups were significant (P<0 .05) .In the hypopharyngeal carci-noma group ,out of 14 cases of pyriform sinus ,swallowing dysfunctions were in 10 cases(71 .43％ ,10/14);out of 6 cases of posterior hypopharyngeal wall carcinoma ,swallowing dysfunctions in 5 cases(83 .33％ ,5/6) .The differ-ences between the two groups were insignificant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma and hypo-pharyngeal carcinoma all have effects on swallowing functions and increase the incidence of dysphagia .In the supra-glottic laryngeal carcinoma ,the primary tumor location has influence on the swallowing functions .