Objective: To evaluate the application value of ultrasound and dermoscopy in the precise preoperative evaluation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) , and to analyze the association of high-frequency ultrasound and dermoscopic findings with pathological recurrence risk of BCC. Methods: Clinical data were collected from 33 outpatients with confirmed BCC in the Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital between April 2016 and December 2018, and high-frequency ultrasonographic and dermoscopic findings from 36 BCC lesions were analyzed. The lesions were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on pathological findings. Statistical differences in ultrasound and dermoscopic characteristics between high-risk and low-risk BCC groups were analyzed by using Fisher′s exact test, and the correspondence between high-frequency ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of BCC was analyzed by calculating the simple matching coefficient. Results: Of the 36 BCC skin lesions, 4 were high-risk lesions and 32 were low-risk lesions. Ultrasonographic features of the high-risk and low-risk lesions overlapped markedly, and no significant differences were observed between the high-risk and low-risk lesions with regard to the shape, boundary, internal echo, hyperechoic spots, or posterior echo (all P > 0.05) . However, 24 (75.0%) low-risk lesions were confined to the dermis, whereas 4 high-risk lesions involved the subcutaneous tissue, and there was a significant difference between the high-risk and low-risk BCC groups with regard to the distribution of BCC (P = 0.008) . In 5 BCC lesions, ultrasound could identify small easy-to-ignore lesions or deep and invisible lesions besides obvious lesions. There were no significant differences in dermoscopic features between high-risk and low-risk groups. However, none of spoke-wheel area, milky-red structureless area, milia-like cysts, comedo-like openings and rainbow pattern was observed in 4 high-risk BCC lesions. The simple matching coefficient between enhanced hyperechoic spots in the lesion observed by ultrasound and milia-like cysts under a dermoscope was 36.1%, and the simple matching coefficient between discontinuous hyperechoic echo in the epidermis on ultrasonography and ulcer/erosion under a dermoscope was 75.0%. Conclusion High-frequency ultrasound and dermoscopy both provide important information for preoperative evaluation of risk of BCC lesions, and high-frequency ultrasound can identify easy-to-ignore hidden lesions in clinical practice.

Quorum sensing (QS) plays a major role in the outbreak mechanism of foodborne diseases caused by food poisoning and food spoilage. QS affects the formation of cell membrane and pathogenicity ofpathogenic bacteria. Through the in-depth understanding of QS molecules of food-borne pathogens, we describe here the types of signal molecules produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and the differences in QS molecules. Meanwhile, we introduce the detection of QS molecules by different technologies. According to the influence of QS on food, we propose also future research needs for the control of foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Quorum Sensing

Objective: To identify differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome of the lesional versus nonlesional skin tissues of patients with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis (AD) , and to elucidate their roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Methods: From July to October in 2016, lesional and nonlesional skin tissues were obtained from 5 outpatients of Han nationality with AD in Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University. The next-generation high-throughput transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes, which were subjected to GO function annotation and KEGG pathway analysis. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to verify differences in candidate gene expression between lesional and nonlesional skin tissues. Results: An average of 10.96 GBs sequence reads were acquired among 10 samples. A total of 21 729 genes were detected, including 19 268 known genes and 2 545 predicted novel genes. A total of 23 153 new transcripts were detected, of which 18 889 were new alternative splicing subtypes of known protein-coding genes, 2 545 were transcripts belonging to new protein-coding genes, and the remaining 1 719 belonged to long-stranded non-coding RNA. Totally, 78 differentially expressed genes were identified between the lesional and nonlesional skin tissues, including 69 upregulated and 11 downregulated genes in the lesional skin tissues. Among them, there were several genes known to be associated with AD inflammation (CXCL1/2/8, IL6/IL1β, MMP1, SERPINB4, S100A2, GZMB, OASL, OSM) and barrier (KRT16, FABP5, CYP1A1) and keratinocyte differentiation (IL-20) . GO analysis revealed that functions of 72 differentially expressed genes could be annotated. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were grouped into 132 signaling pathways, of which 13 were significantly enriched, including the interleukin (IL) -17 pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of candidate genes CXCL1, KRT6A, IL36A, SERPINB4 and PSAPL1 was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Conclusions Differentially expressed genes and related important regulatory signaling pathways were identified between the lesional and nonlesional skin tissues of patients with AD at the transcriptional level, and the IL-17 pathway was found to be mostly enriched in AD lesions in patients of Han nationality. These findings provide an important basis for further study on the pathogenesis of AD..

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness on informational support of the parenting sense of competence and parenting stress in primiparas. Methods: Ninety-five primiparas in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were recruited from November 2017 to April 2018, mothers of premature infants discharged from hospital from November 2017 to January 2018 were divided into the control group,and which discharged from February 2018 to April 2018 were divided into the experimental group conveniently.Seven cases in the control group and 5 cases in the experimental group dropped out. The control group received routine nursing care, 4 times of informational support were implemented to the mothers of premature infants at the first 4 months after discharged in the experimental group,included team teaching, live demonstration, set up a wechat group, et al. All primiparas were investigated using the Chinese version of Parenting Sense of Competence Scale(C-PSOC) and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF) at the 1^th,3^th,6^th month postpartum. Results: At the 6^th month postpartum, total scores of the Chinese version of Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and subscale scores of self-efficacy, satisfaction of the mothers of premature infants were 82.60±4.45, 39.19±3.25, 43.40±3.47, respectively in the experimental group,and the scores were 76.83±7.88, 36.90±4.82, 39.93±5.16, respectively in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=4.117, 2.541, 3.613, P<0.05). At the 6^th month postpartum,total scores of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and subscale scores of parenting distress,parent-child dysfunctional interaction,difficult child of the mothers of premature infants were 80.31±9.50, 28.62±4.54, 23.98±4.91, 26.14±5.15, respectively in the experimental group,and the scores were 87.36±8.58, 32.55±4.88, 25.95±4.15, 28.84±4.88, respectively in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=-3.568-3.823, P<0.05). Conclusions Informational support can effectively improve the parenting sense of competence and relieve the parenting stress in primiparas.

Objective To observe the influence of once pre-injection dexmedetomidine(DEX) on clinical effect in general anesthesia induction.Methods Sixty patients,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ,no sex limitation,undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were selected and divided into the 1ug/kg DEX group(D) and normal saline control group(C),30 cases in each group.The BIS values were recorded after medication infusion.Then the target controlled infusion(Marsh mode) of propofol was performed according to the plasma concentration.The plasma concentration was gradually increased until BIS value reaching 40.Then the effect-site concentration(Ce) of propofol was recorded at this time and sufentanil 0.5ug/kg was injected within 10 s.The bucking incidence rate within 1 min after injection of sufentanil was recorded and cisatracurium was injected again.The tracheal intubation was performed when the TOF value was 0.The time of train-of-four stimulation(TOF) to 0(effect onset time) and intubation time were recorded.The hemodynamic indexes were recorded at pre-administration(T0),post-administration(T1),after induction(T2),and after intubation(T3).The incidence rate of intraoperative awareness was recorded.Results The bucking incidence rate at 1 min after sufentanil injection in the group D was significantly lower than that in the group C(3.33％ vs.13.3％,P＜0.01).Ce of propofol in the group D was lower than that in the group C(P＜0.01).HR af T1 in the group D was decreased;HR and MAP at T2 in the group C were decreased,which at T3 were increased.No intraoperative awareness occurred in all cases.Conclusion Pre-injection of DEX 1ug/kg before induction can decrease the propofol dose and maintains hemodynamic stability.

Objective To explore abnormal microstmctural changes of white matter in patients with white matter lesions using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and to determine the association of such abnormalities of DTI parameters with cognitive function.Methods The objects who have already confirmed with WML were collected from March 2012 to February 2018 through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan from the neurology department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Use The hamilton depression scale(HAMD) and the hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) to eliminate anxiety and depression,and divided into WML-CN group,WML-VCIND group and WML-VAD group with Mini-mental state examination (MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)and clinical dementia rating(CDR).In addition,select the healthy elderly people without WML by MRI scan as the normal control group.All of the subjects were detected with the superconduct magnetic resonance imaging system (German SIEMENS 3.0T) for the DTI scanning.Original images were processed with VBA.Then explore the changes of FA and MD of DTI in whole brain and regions of interest in NC group,WML-CN group,WML-VCIND group and WWML-VAD group,and its correlation with the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with WML.Results The damage degree of the fiber microstructure of brain white matter was significantly correlated with the total grade point of MoCA (P＜0.01).In figure FA,the variance analysis of F test results showed that the significant brain areas were the splenium of the corpus callosum,the genu of corpus callosum,bilateral posterior internal capsule,retrolenticular part of internal capsule,anterior thalamic radiation,partial inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,cingulate,external capsule,upper and posterior part of the radiation crowns,partial superior longitudinal fasciculus,etc.(P＜0.05 after FWE correction based on TFCE method).In Figure MD,the variance analysis of F test results showed that the statistically significant brain areas mainly included the left external capsule and hook,partial genu and splenium of corpus callosum,Bilateral,bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,inferior longitudinal fasciculus,anterior thalamic radiation,retrolenticular part of internal capsule,cingulate,etc (P＜ 0.05 after FWE conection based on TFCE).Conclusion No matter whether cognitive impairment exists in patient with WML or not,all DTI parameters are different from those of normal people.The integrity of white matter fiber has been damaged with different degrees.The more severe the cognitive impairment in the external manifestations of patients with WML,the greater the damage to the intrinsic white matter microstructure.

Objective To observe the expression ofRapl,guanosine triphosphate-Rapl (GTP-Rapl),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and β-catenin in experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods Forty-two brown Norwegian rats were randomly divided into a blank control group (7 rats) and a model group (35 rats).Both eyes were enrolled.The CNV model was established by holmium ion laser photocoagulation in the model group.At 3,7,14,21,and 28 days after photocoagulation,fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and choroidal vascular smear were performed to observe the degree of fluorescein leakage and CNV area in rats;Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression ofRap1,GTP-Rap1,VEGF,β-catenin and mRNA in CNV.Results The results of FFA examination showed that a large disc-shaped fluorescein leaked in the photo-condensation spot 14 days after photocoagulation.Laser confocal microscopy showed that compared with 7 days after photocoagulation,CNV area increased at 14,21,28 days after photocoagulation,and the difference were statistically significant (t=3.725,5.532,3.605;P＜0.05).Western blot showed that there was no significant difference in the relative expression of Rap1 protein in CNV at different time points after photocoagulation between the two groups (P=0.156).Compared with the blank control group,the relative expression of GTP-Rap1 protein was significantlydecreased,the relative expression of VEGF and β-catenin protein were significantly increased in the model group (P=0.000).The results of RT-PCR showed that there was no significant difference in the relative expression of Rap 1 mRNA at different time points after photocoagulation between the two groups (P=0.645),but there were significant difference in the relative expression of β-catenin mRNA (P=0.000).At 7,14,21 and 28 days after photocoagulation,there were significant difference in the relative expression of GTP-Rap 1 and VEGF mRNA between the two groups (P=0.000).Conclusions The expression of GTP-Rap1 in experimental CNV is significantly lower than that in normal rats.

Objective To evaluate the contrast enhanced perfusion pattern of PTC micro-vascular imaging (MVI) quantitatively.Investigate the correlation between PTC MVI features and CD34 micro-vascular density (MVD).Methods Thirty-nine pathological and clinical confirmed sporadic PTCs were evaluated with real-time gray-scale contrast-ernhanced micro-vascular imaging under a low mechanical index.The micro-bubble agent was SoneVue.Of the 39 PTCs,33 were classical PTCs,6 were PTC with follicular variant (FVPTC).The △ ROI,which is the subtraction of peak echo intensity between the lesion region of interest (ROI) and normal thyroid parenchyma ROI,was used to evaluate the perfusion characteristics of PTC MVI quantitatively.The paraffined specimens were selected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CD3,and the correlation between △ ROI and the CD34 were evaluated.Results △ ROI was strongly correlated with the CD34 expression (P=0.000),significant differences were detected in the distribution pattern of △ ROI value among different CD34 expression levels,no overlapping of the mean △ ROI values and the 95％ confidence intervals was found among the 3 CD34 expression levels.The PTC MVI perfusion was classified into 3 patterns,low perfusion,focal perfiusion and high perfusion,on the basis of combining△ ROI values with the peak ehco pattem in time-intensity curve.Conclusions The △ ROI is strongly correlated with the CD34 expression in papillary thyroid cancer.It can be used for the quantitative evaluation ofPTC MVI pattem and intensity as an objective indicator.

Objective To assess the clinical therapeutic effects and safety of Jiangtang Shuxin decoction (JTSXD) on diabetic patients complicated with chronic heart failure (CHF),and to search for its possible function mechanisms.Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted,80 diabetic patients complicated with CHF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class Ⅱ-Ⅲ] admitted into the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) or of Cardiology in Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Youjiang National Medical College from October 2015 to September 2016 were enrolled,they were assigned to an observation group and a control group by randomized method with a computer,and finally 77 patients (39 cases in observation group and 38 cases in control group) completed this trial.The patients in control group received standardized routine western medical treatment,while the observation group was additionally administered JTSXD (including ingredients:astragalus 15 g,ginseng 10 g,radix ophiopogonis 15 g,radix rehmanniae 15 g,comus 10 g,rhizome coptidis 8 g,peach kernel 10 g,salvia mitiorrhiza 10 g,magnoliaceae 10 g,yam 15 g) on the basis of conventional therapy.The therapeutic course for all the patients in both groups was 2 months.Before and after treatment,the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) was assessed;the TCM syndrome accumulated scores of the two groups were calculated;the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF),the stroke volume (SV),the cardiac output (CO),and the maximum blood flow velocity of early diastolic/atrium late diastolic (E/A) were detected by echocardiography.The serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and plasma B type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);the level changes of total cholesterol (TC),triglyeride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesteral (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesteral (LDL-C) were observed.Results Compared with the control group,after treatment in the observed group,the TCM syndrome score of palpitation,fatigue and thetotal accumulated score were all obviously decreased (palpitation score:0.9 ± 0.4 vs.1.2 ± 0.8,fatigue score:1.1 ± 0.7 vs.1.7 ± 0.8,total accumulated score:4.8 ± 1.2 vs.8.1 ± 1.8,all P ＜ 0.05);the LVEDV,the serum levels of HbA1c,Ang Ⅱ and BNP were also obviously decreased in the observed group [LVEDV (mL):136.28 ± 17.52 vs.158.82 ± 19.03,HbA1c (％):6.11±0.36 vs.6.89 ±0.32,Ang Ⅱ (ng/L):66.48 ± 17.64 vs.84.55 ± 20.39,BNP (μg/L):138.45 ± 87.55 vs.219.14±88.83,all P ＜ 0.05];The 6MWD,LVEF,SV,CO and E/A were all increased plainly in the observed group [6MWD (m):470.47 ± 79.66 vs.428.46 ± 88.56,LVEF:0.51 ±0.05 vs.0.46 ± 0.04,SV (mL):55.36 ± 2.88 vs.50.32±2.76,CO (L/min):5.74±0.91 vs.4.92±0.74,E/A:1.18±0.27 vs.0.83±0.28,all P ＜ 0.05].The degrees of decreased levels in TC,TG,LDL-C and the degrees of increased levels of HDL-C in observed group were superior to those of the control group,but there were no statistical significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion JTSXD shows good therapeutic effect and safety for treatment of diabetic patients accompanied by CHF (NYHA functional class Ⅱ-Ⅲ),and its mechanisms may be related to its regulation of glucose (reduction of HbA1c level),correction of lipid metabolism disorders,improvement of myocardial energy supply,inhibition of the activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the secretion of BNP.