The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) control natural killer (NK) cells development and cytotoxic functions, however, whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in this pathway remains unknown. We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells, without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155. Mechanistically, miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression, thereby promoting the JAK-STAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function. Further investigations disclosed that upon cytokine stimulation, STAT3 directly interacts with miR155HG promoter and induces miR155HG transcription. Collectively, we identify a miR155HG-mediated positive feedback loop of the JAK-STAT signaling. Our study will also provide a power target regarding miR155HG for improving NK cell generation and effector function in the field of NK cell adoptive transfer therapy against cancer, especially iPSC-derived NK cells.

Objectives:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and ethnic differences of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome(CKM)among the Hani,Dai,Bai,and Lisu populations in Yunnan Province,and to provide evidence for developing effective prevention and control strategies for CKM.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among four ethnic minority groups.A total of 3 906 permanent residents aged 18 years and older were enrolled using a multistage cluster random sampling method.CKM stages(0-4)were defined based on the 2023 American Heart Association criteria,stages 3-4 were classified as advanced CKM.Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to compare the prevalence of CKM stages across ethnic groups.Modified Poisson regression was applied to estimate relative risk(RR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI)for factors associated with advanced CKM.Results:The prevalence rates of CKM stage 1 and above among the Hani,Dai,Bai and Lisu ethnic groups were 80.1%,87.3%,84.8%and 67.8%,respectively.The prevalence of CKM was generally higher in males than in females,and the prevalence of CKM increased significantly with age.The Dai ethnic group had the highest prevalence of advanced CKM(24.7%,95%CI:22.1%-27.4%),while the Lisu ethnic group had the lowest prevalence of advanced CKM(13.7%,95%CI:11.5%-15.9%).Modified Poisson regression analysis showed that older age and higher body mass index were common risk factors for advanced CKM across all four ethnic groups.Additionally,except for the Lisu ethnic group,the other three ethnic groups had specific individual risk factors:among the Hani ethnic group,low educational attainment(RR=2.18,95%CI:1.12-4.25)and low income(RR=1.47,95%CI:1.00-2.18)were the primary risk factors of CKM.Among the Dai ethnic group,smoking(RR=1.60,95%CI:1.07-2.37)and a family history of cardiovascular disease(RR=1.61,95%CI:1.14-2.27)are the primary risk factors of CKM.Among the Bai ethnic group,male gender(RR=0.48,95%CI:0.29-0.79)was the primary risk factor of CKM.Conclusions:The prevalence of CKM stage 1 or higher is relatively high among the four minority ethnic groups in Yunnan province.There are significant differences in staging characteristics and primary risk factors across ethnic groups,necessitating the development of stratified,differentiated intervention strategies to achieve precise prevention and control and ethnic health equity in terms of CKM.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objectives:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and ethnic differences of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome(CKM)among the Hani,Dai,Bai,and Lisu populations in Yunnan Province,and to provide evidence for developing effective prevention and control strategies for CKM.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among four ethnic minority groups.A total of 3 906 permanent residents aged 18 years and older were enrolled using a multistage cluster random sampling method.CKM stages(0-4)were defined based on the 2023 American Heart Association criteria,stages 3-4 were classified as advanced CKM.Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to compare the prevalence of CKM stages across ethnic groups.Modified Poisson regression was applied to estimate relative risk(RR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI)for factors associated with advanced CKM.Results:The prevalence rates of CKM stage 1 and above among the Hani,Dai,Bai and Lisu ethnic groups were 80.1%,87.3%,84.8%and 67.8%,respectively.The prevalence of CKM was generally higher in males than in females,and the prevalence of CKM increased significantly with age.The Dai ethnic group had the highest prevalence of advanced CKM(24.7%,95%CI:22.1%-27.4%),while the Lisu ethnic group had the lowest prevalence of advanced CKM(13.7%,95%CI:11.5%-15.9%).Modified Poisson regression analysis showed that older age and higher body mass index were common risk factors for advanced CKM across all four ethnic groups.Additionally,except for the Lisu ethnic group,the other three ethnic groups had specific individual risk factors:among the Hani ethnic group,low educational attainment(RR=2.18,95%CI:1.12-4.25)and low income(RR=1.47,95%CI:1.00-2.18)were the primary risk factors of CKM.Among the Dai ethnic group,smoking(RR=1.60,95%CI:1.07-2.37)and a family history of cardiovascular disease(RR=1.61,95%CI:1.14-2.27)are the primary risk factors of CKM.Among the Bai ethnic group,male gender(RR=0.48,95%CI:0.29-0.79)was the primary risk factor of CKM.Conclusions:The prevalence of CKM stage 1 or higher is relatively high among the four minority ethnic groups in Yunnan province.There are significant differences in staging characteristics and primary risk factors across ethnic groups,necessitating the development of stratified,differentiated intervention strategies to achieve precise prevention and control and ethnic health equity in terms of CKM.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

AIM:To perform a multidimensional analysis of the clinical study characteristics of endo-metriosis based on the ClinicalTrials.gov,providing comprehensive and objective information for re-searchers,clinicians,and clinical pharmacists.METHODS:A thorough investigation was conduct-ed on clinical trials related to endometriosis,regis-tered on the ClinicalTrials.gov from its inception to October 20,2023.Relevant trial data were extract-ed and statistically analyzed using bibliometrics and comparative research methods.RESULTS:A to-tal of 667 endometriosis clinical studies were regis-tered globally,showing an annual increase.The United States(127 trials),France(70 trials),and Ita-ly(57 trials)had the highest number of registered trials.Interventional studies were predominant(416 trials,62.4%),followed by observational stud-ies(251 trials,37.6%).Within interventional stud-ies,drug therapy was the primary intervention(223 trials,53.6%).Despite endometriosis being a female condition,male subjects were also consid-ered,with 6 trials specifically requiring male partici-pants and 37 trials not restricting gender.Compa-nies/corporations were the main funding sources,while public and governmental organizations pro-vided relatively less funding.CONCLUSION:Clinical trial research on endometriosis is in a phase of growth,with drug therapy being the main treat-ment approach.However,there is a relative lack of investment and attention from public funds and governmental organizations.

AIM:To evaluate the clinical effective-ness and safety of generic and branded dienogest in the treatment of endometriosis.so as to provide the basis for clinical use of dienogest.MEHTODS:The data of patients admitted to Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2022 to August 2023 who received dienogest(2 mg/d,orally,for 6 months)for treatment of endometrio-sis were collected.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of generic drugs and original drugs in the treatment of endometriosis-related pain were com-pared through follow-up surveys of the two groups of patients at 3 months and 6 months respectively.RESULTS:There was highly significant reduction in pelvic pain in both groups with mean of similar in generic group(34.0±3.0)mm and branded group(34.5±3.9)mm.The most frequent drug-related ad-verse effects in generic dienogest was vaginal bleeding(93%)which was no statistical difference with branded dienogest(90%).CONCLUSION:The generic and branded dienogest have the same clini-cal effectiveness and similar safety.

Objective:To mine the adverse events (AE) risk signal of azithromycin in children, establish the corresponding pharmaceutical care process, and provide reference for the safe use of azithromycin in clinic.Methods:AE caused by azithromycin in children (<18 years) were searched from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the 1st quarter of 2004 to the 4th quarter of 2023. The AE was standardized and classified using the preferred term (PT) and system organ class (SOC) in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 26.1 version. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) methods were used for detection of AE signal of azithromycin. AE that simultaneously met the following conditions was considered as a risk signal: the number of reports≥3, lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of ROR≥1, PRR>2, and χ2>4. Descriptive analysis on the signals was performed. The pharmaceutical care process of azithromycin for children was established based on the results of signal mining and satisfaction survey was conducted. Results:A total of 1 457 AE reports related to azithromycin in children were collected, involving 127 PTs and 18 SOCs. The top 5 PTs in the number of reports were rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug hypersensitivity and diarrhea. The top 5 PTs in signal intensity were infantile diarrhea, myasthenia gravis crisis, intermittent explosive disorder, diarrhea neonatal, and infantile vomiting. A total of 16 risk signals that were not recorded in the label were mined out, and the top 5 PTs according to signal intensity were intermittent explosive disorder, conversion disorder, bronchiectasis, tooth discoloration, and choreoathetosis. The analysis of 79 AE reports with death outcomes showed that drug-induced liver injury, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, rash, vomiting, nausea, cyanosis, and diarrhea were related risk signals. Based on the signal mining results mentioned above, the medication safety officer team in our hospital established a pharmaceutical care process of azithromycin application for children, including pre-medication assessment (indications, medical history, heart and liver function, etc.), speed and mode of administration monitoring during the medication, and intervention measures after the occurrence of adverse reactions, and 178 hospitalized children who received azithromycin treatment were monitored. The satisfaction survey results showed the degree of satisfaction was 100%.Conclusions:The main AEs related to azithromycin in children are rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug hypersensitivity, and diarrhea, all of which are recorded in the label. In addition, we should also be vigilant against the risk signals such as intermittent explosive disorder, conversion disorder, bronchiectasis, tooth discoloration, and choreoathetosis, which are not recorded in the label. The pharmaceutical care process for azithromycin use in children based on the risk signal mining results is feasible and effective.

Objective:To mine the adverse events (AE) risk signal of azithromycin in children, establish the corresponding pharmaceutical care process, and provide reference for the safe use of azithromycin in clinic.Methods:AE caused by azithromycin in children (<18 years) were searched from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the 1st quarter of 2004 to the 4th quarter of 2023. The AE was standardized and classified using the preferred term (PT) and system organ class (SOC) in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 26.1 version. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) methods were used for detection of AE signal of azithromycin. AE that simultaneously met the following conditions was considered as a risk signal: the number of reports≥3, lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of ROR≥1, PRR>2, and χ2>4. Descriptive analysis on the signals was performed. The pharmaceutical care process of azithromycin for children was established based on the results of signal mining and satisfaction survey was conducted. Results:A total of 1 457 AE reports related to azithromycin in children were collected, involving 127 PTs and 18 SOCs. The top 5 PTs in the number of reports were rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug hypersensitivity and diarrhea. The top 5 PTs in signal intensity were infantile diarrhea, myasthenia gravis crisis, intermittent explosive disorder, diarrhea neonatal, and infantile vomiting. A total of 16 risk signals that were not recorded in the label were mined out, and the top 5 PTs according to signal intensity were intermittent explosive disorder, conversion disorder, bronchiectasis, tooth discoloration, and choreoathetosis. The analysis of 79 AE reports with death outcomes showed that drug-induced liver injury, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, rash, vomiting, nausea, cyanosis, and diarrhea were related risk signals. Based on the signal mining results mentioned above, the medication safety officer team in our hospital established a pharmaceutical care process of azithromycin application for children, including pre-medication assessment (indications, medical history, heart and liver function, etc.), speed and mode of administration monitoring during the medication, and intervention measures after the occurrence of adverse reactions, and 178 hospitalized children who received azithromycin treatment were monitored. The satisfaction survey results showed the degree of satisfaction was 100%.Conclusions:The main AEs related to azithromycin in children are rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug hypersensitivity, and diarrhea, all of which are recorded in the label. In addition, we should also be vigilant against the risk signals such as intermittent explosive disorder, conversion disorder, bronchiectasis, tooth discoloration, and choreoathetosis, which are not recorded in the label. The pharmaceutical care process for azithromycin use in children based on the risk signal mining results is feasible and effective.

AIM: To assess the effect of curcumin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and mean arterial pressure so as to explore the central mechanism of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats which body weights between 170 and 190 grams fed with a normal salt (0.3% NaCl) or a high salt (8% NaCl) diet for 6 weeks. Meanwhile half of each team received curcumin administration or vehicle by intragastric administration. Mean Arterial pressure was measured noninvasively via tail-cuff instrument and their recording system. The PVN tissue samPles were collected and stored at −80 °C for later analyses. We performed the following experimental procedures: Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, immunofluorescence and statistical analysis. RESULTS:The average arterial blood Pressure of rats in the high-salt diet group was significantly reduced after 6 weeks of curcumin intervention. The levels of NOX2, NOX4, TLR4, MyD88, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1 and ROS in the long-term high-salt diet grouP were significantly higher after curcumin intervention. CONCLUSION:Curcumin can improve blood pressure in hypertensive rats induced by long-term high salt, the mechanism may be related to the imProvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.