Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI)in rats and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control group,acute kid-ney injury model group(intravenous injection of contrast medium ioversol via tail vein;model),rapamycin(RAPA)group and hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)group.Blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum creatinine(Scr)con-tents were measured and the potential change foun in renal pathology was detected by HE staining and microscopy.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe auto-phagy-related changes in ultrastructure.Western blot was used to observe the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,ubiquitin-binding protein p62 and Histone deacetylase 4(HDAC4).The expression of HDAC4 was also observed by RT-qPCR.Results Compared with control group,the level of BUN,Scr and HDAC4 expression in the model and HCQ group was increased(P＜0.01),the proximal tubules of the kidney were significantly damaged.In the model group,auto-phagososomes and autolysosomes increased,accompanied by an increase of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ and a decrease in the p62 level(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);Compared with model group,there were more autophagosomes and autolysosomes were found in RAPA group(P＜0.01),accompanied by increased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰratio and decrease in the p62 and HDAC4(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In contrast,the number of autophagy related structures decreased in HCQ group(P＜0.01),accompanied by the simultaneous increase of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,p62 and the increase of HDAC4(P＜0.01).Conclusions Ioversol may induce autophagy activation,while enhancing autophagy by RAPA alleviates CI-AKI induced renal dysfunction.The mechanism is potentially atributed to the regulation of HDAC4.

Objective:To provide references for the vestibular function stability training of military pilots by evaluating the stability of vestibular function of military pilots.Methods:An electric swivel chair was used to train the vestibular function stability of military pilots. According to the order of admission, they were divided into 21-30 years old, 31-40 years old, 41-50 years old and ≥51 years old group, with 30 pilots in each group. The changes of excellent rate, good rate, qualified rate, unqualified rate and tolerance time of the stability of vestibular function by training were compared among different age groups, and the correlation between age and tolerance time was analyzed.Results:There were significant differences of unqualified rate in pilots aged 31-40 and ≥51 years group before and after training ( χ2=4.32, 4.80, Ρ=0.038, 0.028). The failure rate after training was lower than that before training, with a significant difference ( χ2=13.02, P<0.001). The total tolerance time was higher than that before training, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=17.61, P<0.001). The stability tolerance time of pilots in different age groups after vestibular function training were increased compared with that before training, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.50, 8.82, 9.48, 13.56, all P<0.001). The stability of vestibular function of military pilots gradually declined with the increase of age, and there was a negative correlation between age and training tolerance time ( r=-0.38, P<0.001). Conclusions:The training of electric swivel chair can improve the vestibular function stability of military pilots, increase the tolerance time, and enhance the tolerance ability of military pilots when vestibular function is stimulated.

Objective:To provide references for the vestibular function stability training of military pilots by evaluating the stability of vestibular function of military pilots.Methods:An electric swivel chair was used to train the vestibular function stability of military pilots. According to the order of admission, they were divided into 21-30 years old, 31-40 years old, 41-50 years old and ≥51 years old group, with 30 pilots in each group. The changes of excellent rate, good rate, qualified rate, unqualified rate and tolerance time of the stability of vestibular function by training were compared among different age groups, and the correlation between age and tolerance time was analyzed.Results:There were significant differences of unqualified rate in pilots aged 31-40 and ≥51 years group before and after training ( χ2=4.32, 4.80, Ρ=0.038, 0.028). The failure rate after training was lower than that before training, with a significant difference ( χ2=13.02, P<0.001). The total tolerance time was higher than that before training, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=17.61, P<0.001). The stability tolerance time of pilots in different age groups after vestibular function training were increased compared with that before training, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.50, 8.82, 9.48, 13.56, all P<0.001). The stability of vestibular function of military pilots gradually declined with the increase of age, and there was a negative correlation between age and training tolerance time ( r=-0.38, P<0.001). Conclusions:The training of electric swivel chair can improve the vestibular function stability of military pilots, increase the tolerance time, and enhance the tolerance ability of military pilots when vestibular function is stimulated.

Objective:To explore the relationship among maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max), heart rate recovery after exercise (HRR) and anti-G ability of fighter pilots. Methods:A total of 90 fighter pilots were selected by cluster sampling method, and the +G z tolerance that devoted by anti-G staining manoeuvre performing was predicted by anti-G and anti-hypoxia ability detector and G tolerance empirical formula. The values of VO 2max and HRR were collected under 25 W/min power increasing rate scheme. According to the level of VO 2max, pilots were divided into 3 groups: low level (the bottom third), intermediate level (the middle third) and high level (the top third). The differences of HRR value and +G z tolerance increment among the first, second and third minutes after exercise were compared among the pilots of different level of VO 2max. The correlation among the values of HRR, VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment were analyzed. Results:There were significant differences in the values of HRR and +G z tolerance increment at the second and the third minutes of exercise among the pilots with different VO 2max levels in 3 groups ( F=7.65, 10.64, 10.28, all P≤0.001). There was no obvious correlation between the values of HRR, VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment at the first minute after exercise ( r=0.020, -0.017, P=0.852, 0.871). The value of HRR at the second minute after exercise was positively correlated with VO 2max ( r=0.288, P=0.006), but not obviously with the +G z tolerance increment ( r=-0.017, P=0.150). The value of HRR value at the third minute was positively correlated with the increase of VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment ( r=0.433, 0.240, P<0.001, =0.023). VO 2max was positively correlated with the increase of +G z tolerance increment ( r=0.436, P<0.001). Conclusions:The increase of pilots′ VO 2max is conducive to the improvement of anti-G ability. The value of HRR at the third minute after exercise can be used as a sensitive monitoring index to predict pilot′s G-tolerance.

Objective:To explore the relationship among maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max), heart rate recovery after exercise (HRR) and anti-G ability of fighter pilots. Methods:A total of 90 fighter pilots were selected by cluster sampling method, and the +G z tolerance that devoted by anti-G staining manoeuvre performing was predicted by anti-G and anti-hypoxia ability detector and G tolerance empirical formula. The values of VO 2max and HRR were collected under 25 W/min power increasing rate scheme. According to the level of VO 2max, pilots were divided into 3 groups: low level (the bottom third), intermediate level (the middle third) and high level (the top third). The differences of HRR value and +G z tolerance increment among the first, second and third minutes after exercise were compared among the pilots of different level of VO 2max. The correlation among the values of HRR, VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment were analyzed. Results:There were significant differences in the values of HRR and +G z tolerance increment at the second and the third minutes of exercise among the pilots with different VO 2max levels in 3 groups ( F=7.65, 10.64, 10.28, all P≤0.001). There was no obvious correlation between the values of HRR, VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment at the first minute after exercise ( r=0.020, -0.017, P=0.852, 0.871). The value of HRR at the second minute after exercise was positively correlated with VO 2max ( r=0.288, P=0.006), but not obviously with the +G z tolerance increment ( r=-0.017, P=0.150). The value of HRR value at the third minute was positively correlated with the increase of VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment ( r=0.433, 0.240, P<0.001, =0.023). VO 2max was positively correlated with the increase of +G z tolerance increment ( r=0.436, P<0.001). Conclusions:The increase of pilots′ VO 2max is conducive to the improvement of anti-G ability. The value of HRR at the third minute after exercise can be used as a sensitive monitoring index to predict pilot′s G-tolerance.

Objective To observe changes in relative pituitary hormones after severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) in children and to investigate the short-and long-term effects of mild hypothermia on pituitary function.Methods Included for this study were 81 children who had been admitted to the Brain Hospital of Liaocheng People's Hospital from June 2011 to January 2015 for STBI and abnormal secretion of pituitary-related hormones.They were divided by the wishes of patients and their families into 2 groups,subjected to mild hypothermia treatment (n=42) or conventional treatment (n=41).The levels were examined of growth hormone (GH),prolactin (PRL),adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) for both groups unpon admission and in the moming of 1,3,5,7 and 14 days after injury.At 6 months after injury the patients were followed up for Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) and levels of pituitary-related hormones.Results Of the 83 patients,disturbance of one single hormone was found in 31 (30.10％) and disturbance of 2 or more hormones in 52 (50.48％).The top 3 hormones disturbed were PRL,ACTH and GH.On days 3,5 and 7 after injury,the levels of PRL and ACTH in the mild hypothermia treatment group were significantly lower than in the conventional treatment group (P＜0.05).On day 3 after injury,the level of FT3 in the mild hypothermia treatment group was significantly lower than in the conventional treatment group (P＜0.05).At 6 months after injury,the GOS score for the conventional treatment group was 3.04±0.38,significantly lower than that for the mild hypothermia treatment group (4.56±0.62) (P＜0.05).The incidence of hypopituitarism in the hypothermia treatment group (16.67％) was significantly lower than in the conventional treatment group (46.88％) (P＜0.05).Conclusions Incidence of pituitary dysfunction is high in children following severe traumatic brain injury.Mild hypothermia treatment can effectively alleviate early-stage parasecretion of pituitary hormones,and decrease the incidence of later pituitary dysfunction.

Objective · To understand the medical treatment willingness and place among migrant workers in Shanghai and relevant influencing factors. Methods · The questionnaire survey was used to investigate migrant workers in some areas of Shanghai and the data were analyzed with constituent ratio,χ2 test, and Logistic regression. Results · Regional differences in medical treatment willingness and place existed between migrant workers in surveyed areas and local workers. Differences between actual and intended medical treatment places existed among migrant workers. Main factors influencing the medical care seeking behavior of migrant workers were medical insurance, economic factors, and demographic factors. Conclusion · The medical security system and the accessibility of basic medical services for migrant workers should be further improved.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).Methods From July,2009 to January,2013,85 cases (120 hips) of ONFH were treated with free vascularized fibular grafting.These cases included 61 males (87 hips) and 24 females (33 hips) with an average age of 36.5 years (22-51 years);7 hips (Ⅰ A 2 hips,Ⅰ B 3 hips,Ⅰ C 2 hips) were at stage Ⅰ,98 hips (Ⅱ A 24 hips,ⅡB 39 hips,ⅡC 35 hips) at stage Ⅱ and 15 hips (ⅢA 9 hips,ⅢB 4 hips,Ⅱ C 2 hips) at stage]Ⅲ according to the classification system of Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO).The mean preoperative Harris hip score was (60.21±6.85) points (42-71 points),The follow-up items included the X-ray examination,the Harris scores of the hip,and the evaluation of the complications.Results Eighty-three cases (117 hips) were followed up.The average duration of follow-up was 25 months (range from 12 months to 42 months).The mean postoperative Harris hip score was increased to (81.26±5.84) points (67-91 points) by the end of the follow-up,compared with the preoperation,the score improved significantly,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Comparing with postoperative X-ray,101 hips (86.3％) were improved,12 hips (10.3％) had no significant changes and deterioration occurred in 4 hips (3.4％).Conclusion The free vascularized fibular grafting is an effective method for treating osteonecrosis of and preventing the collapse of the femoral head.

Objective To explore the effect of simvastatin and atorvastatin on the level of p 27 protein in mesangial cells of rat under high glucose .Methods Cultured rat mesangial cells in vitro were divided into four groups :normal glucose(5 .6 mmol/L glu-cose) ,high glucose(30 mmol/L glucose) ,high glucose(30 mmol/L glucose) plus simvastatin(10 μmol/L) ,high glucose(30mmol/L glucose) plus atorvastatin(10 μmol/L) .After treatment for 24 ,48 ,72 120 hours ,the cells were collected .The protein level of p27 was detected by Western blotting and the mRNA level of p27 was detected by RT-PCR .Results Compared to the normal glucose group ,the levels of p27 protein and mRNA in the high glucose group had a significant increase(P<0 .05) .Compared to the high glucose group ,the level of p27 protein and mRNA in the high glucose plus simvastatin or atorvastatin group both had a significant decrease(P<0 .05) .Conclusion By modulating the expression of P27 in mesangial cells ,statins could become the independent lipid-decreasing drug to prevent kidney .

Objective To investigate the changes of leptin level in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and the relationship between leptin level and insulin resistance(IR). Methods 57 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (group A ), 50 patients with hypertension (group B), 41 healthy people (group C) were selected to determine the value of fasting blood-glucose ( FBG), fasting blood-insulin( FBI), leptin levels as well as insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Results The level of FNS and leptin was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05 ) while the level of ISI was lower (P ＜ 0.05 ) in group A than those in group B and C. Correlation analysis showed that leptin level in HCH patients was negatively correlated with ISI, and positively correlated with FNS. Conclusion The results indicate that higher level of leptin and IR may play an important role in the occurrence of hypertension complicated cerebral hemorrhage.