The philosophy of “treating disease before its onset” is a fundamental concept of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), permeating its diagnostic and therapeutic framework, and is central to clinical practice. However, current TCM diagnostic and treatment models for the “pre-disease to disease” window period face several limitations, including the lack of comprehensive clinical parameters, difficulties in characterizing and integrating heterogeneous multimodal data, and insufficient dynamic precision in interventions and efficacy evaluations. To address these issues, guided by Professor Candong Li’s theory of TCM stateology, this study focuses on integrating objective multimodal data. It proposes a new model for personalized TCM diagnosis and treatment targeting the “pre-disease to disease” window period. This approach first proposes the idea of restructuring the conceptual framework of “symptom” and integrating multi-source heterogeneous data at macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic levels to form a three-dimensional assessment indicator system. By integrating graph neural networks, convolutional neural networks, attention mechanisms, and knowledge graph-guided weight allocation, this approach enables collaborative representation, alignment, and fusion of multi-source data. Subsequently, it plans to construct a multimodal fusion model at both feature and decision levels, in order to establish mappings between indicators and TCM state elements, and to screen key indicators characterizing pathological evolution during the window period. Furthermore, it proposes a technical path for enhancing model interpretability using methods such as SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Ablation-CAM++. Finally, with state assessment as the core, it proposes the concept of constructing a dynamic evaluation method for individualized diagnosis and treatment based on time-series data analysis using algorithms such as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and gated recurrent units (GRUs). Moreover, a causal inference framework and semi-supervised learning strategies are introduced to enable quantitative evaluation of individual intervention effects and to provide interpretable therapeutic feedback, forming a complete technical path from data representation and fusion, weight adjustment, and interpretability analysis, to dynamic diagnosis feedback. This study aims to address deficiencies in the current TCM diagnosis and treatment model during the “pre-disease to disease” window period and to provide an operational framework for the clinical practice of TCM’s “treating disease before its onset”.

This paper has summarized current studies on retinitis pigmentosa （RP） from two perspectives， which were disease mechanism insights from western medicine， and etiology， pathogenesis and therapeutic principles in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. From the perspective of western medicine， the understanding of RP has evolved from an early single-factor explanation focusing on pathogenic gene mutations to a more comprehensive， multifactorial model involving genetic abnormalities， photoreceptor cell degeneration， retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction， oxidative stress， inflammatory responses， microenvironmental imbalance， and vascular insufficiency. In TCM， RP is considered to be a disorder manifested in the eyes but rooted in dysfunction of the zang-fu （脏腑） organs. Its pathogenesis is primarily associated with congenital insufficiency， liver-kidney depletion， impaired spleen function of transportation and transformation， and stasis obstructing the meridians. The core pathological mechanism can be summarized as "deficiency complicated by stasis"， emphasizing holistic imbalance， dynamic disease progression， and syndrome differentiation and treatment. The differences and complementarities between the two medical systems in understanding disease progression are further discussed. RP is proposed to be more appropriately regarded as a complex disease characterized by long-term progression， stage-dependent evolution， and persistent decompensation. Western medicine contributes to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying RP and provides the foundation for targeted therapeutic interventions， whereas TCM offers a holistic perspective for understanding disease evolution through the assessment of overall functional status， disease-stage stratification， and long-term syndrome-based regulation.

This paper has summarized current studies on retinitis pigmentosa （RP） from two perspectives， which were disease mechanism insights from western medicine， and etiology， pathogenesis and therapeutic principles in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. From the perspective of western medicine， the understanding of RP has evolved from an early single-factor explanation focusing on pathogenic gene mutations to a more comprehensive， multifactorial model involving genetic abnormalities， photoreceptor cell degeneration， retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction， oxidative stress， inflammatory responses， microenvironmental imbalance， and vascular insufficiency. In TCM， RP is considered to be a disorder manifested in the eyes but rooted in dysfunction of the zang-fu （脏腑） organs. Its pathogenesis is primarily associated with congenital insufficiency， liver-kidney depletion， impaired spleen function of transportation and transformation， and stasis obstructing the meridians. The core pathological mechanism can be summarized as "deficiency complicated by stasis"， emphasizing holistic imbalance， dynamic disease progression， and syndrome differentiation and treatment. The differences and complementarities between the two medical systems in understanding disease progression are further discussed. RP is proposed to be more appropriately regarded as a complex disease characterized by long-term progression， stage-dependent evolution， and persistent decompensation. Western medicine contributes to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying RP and provides the foundation for targeted therapeutic interventions， whereas TCM offers a holistic perspective for understanding disease evolution through the assessment of overall functional status， disease-stage stratification， and long-term syndrome-based regulation.

This article focuses on the application of artificial intelligence in clinical hematology laboratory teaching. By analyzing the current situation of clinical hematology test teaching and combining the advantages of artificial intelligence technology, this paper explores its application prospects in clinical hematology laboratory teaching from multiple perspectives, such as case library construction, atlas resource library construction, virtual simulation training, auxiliary teaching, and clinical thinking training, and analyzes the possible problems of artificial intelligence in teaching practice.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of postoperative hypoxemia after whole lung lavage (WLL) in patients with pneumoconiosis and to evaluate the predictive value of lung ultrasound scores. Methods A total of 757 patients with pneumoconiosis who underwent unilateral large-volume WLL were selected as the research subjects by continuous sampling method. The patients with hypoxemia after large-volume WLL were assigned to the observation group (82 cases), and those without hypoxemia were assigned to the control group (675 cases). Patients′ basic information and clinical data of the two groups were collected using a retrospective investigation method. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of hypoxemia after large-volume WLL in patients with pneumoconiosis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to assess the predictive value of ultrasound indicators. Results The combined rate of postoperative hypoxemia in the patients was 10.8% (82/757). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of hypoxemia in patients aged ≥65 years was higher than that in patients aged <65 years (P<0.05). The risk of hypoxemia was higher in patients with increased pre-extubation lung ultrasound score than those with lower pre-extubation lung ultrasound score (P<0.01). Patients with a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO₂) had a higher risk of concurrent hypoxemia than those with a lower pressure (P<0.01), while patients with lower arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) had a higher risk of concurrent hypoxemia than those with higher PaO₂ (P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that lung ultrasound scores were negatively correlated with PaO₂ and positively correlated with PaCO₂ (both P<0.01). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.855, the 95% confidence interval was 0.828 to 0.879, the diagnostic sensitivity was 84.2%, and the specificity was 75.1%. Conclusion Age, pre-extubation lung ultrasound score, and PaCO₂ are risk factors for hypoxemia after WLL in patients with pneumoconiosis, while PaO₂ is a protective factor. Pre-extubation lung ultrasound scoring demonstrates good accuracy in predicting postoperative hypoxemia among pneumoconiosis patients after WLL.

Objective To explore the immediate impact of acute vision changes in hemiplegic patients on their gait.Methods Thirty visually normal hemiplegic patients were recruited.Plane mirrors(0°),concave lenses(+150°,+450°)were selected to simulate normal vision,moderate myopia,and high myopia scenarios for straight line walking tests.The Qualisys three-dimensional(3D)motion capture system and Kistler 3D force platform were employed to collect kinematic and dynamic parameters of the patients,and the differences in related indicators before and after visual intervention were compared.Results Visual intervention affected the step length,walking speed,and joint angles of hemiplegic patients.Especially after acute vision changes,there was a significant difference in the stride length and ankle joint angles on the patient's affected side.Under high myopia,the step length and step length symmetry were better than those under moderate myopia,but at the expense of gait speed.Visual intervention led to asymmetric trends in step the length symmetry and joint angle symmetry.There were very significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry between normal vision and high myopia.Conclusions Acute vision changes can affect the gait of hemiplegic patients,especially in individuals with high myopia presenting both a notable decrease in walking speed and an increased ankle range of motion,and an increase in walking speed with moderate myopia.Meanwhile,the symmetry of the COP decreases,indicating that acute vision changes lead to a higher risk of falls for patients.Reasonable vision assessment and corresponding intervention measures are expected to improve walking ability and life quality of the patients.

Objective To explore the impact of vision impairment(VI)on the gait of hemiplegic patients,assess their walking ability and fall risks,and provide a basis for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients were enrolled and stratified by the severity of visual acuity impairment into three groups(unimpaired,mildly impaired,and severely impaired).The gait data of patients under uncorrected vision were collected using the Qualisys motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,and the balance ability of patients was assessed simultaneously.Subsequently,the gait and assessment data were statistically analyzed to compare inter-group differences.Results Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in step length,symmetry,and walking speed were observed in hemiplegic patients of the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group.As VI increased,gait abnormalities became more pronounced,with a longer double-limb support phase,a longer swing phase of the affected limb,and a shorter single-limb support phase of the affected limb in the gait cycle.Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry were found between the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group,with gait abnormalities intensifying.The Berg balance scale(BBS)scores showed that there was a significant difference between the visually unimpaired group and severe visual impairment group,indicating that the group with visual impairment had poorer balance ability.Conclusions VI has a significant negative impact on the gait and walking ability of hemiplegic patients.This study emphasizes the importance of focusing on the impact of VI in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients,with regular vision assessments and personalized interventions being conducted,which are of great significance in enhancing patients' walking quality.

Objective To explore the impact of vision impairment(VI)on the gait of hemiplegic patients,assess their walking ability and fall risks,and provide a basis for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients were enrolled and stratified by the severity of visual acuity impairment into three groups(unimpaired,mildly impaired,and severely impaired).The gait data of patients under uncorrected vision were collected using the Qualisys motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,and the balance ability of patients was assessed simultaneously.Subsequently,the gait and assessment data were statistically analyzed to compare inter-group differences.Results Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in step length,symmetry,and walking speed were observed in hemiplegic patients of the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group.As VI increased,gait abnormalities became more pronounced,with a longer double-limb support phase,a longer swing phase of the affected limb,and a shorter single-limb support phase of the affected limb in the gait cycle.Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry were found between the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group,with gait abnormalities intensifying.The Berg balance scale(BBS)scores showed that there was a significant difference between the visually unimpaired group and severe visual impairment group,indicating that the group with visual impairment had poorer balance ability.Conclusions VI has a significant negative impact on the gait and walking ability of hemiplegic patients.This study emphasizes the importance of focusing on the impact of VI in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients,with regular vision assessments and personalized interventions being conducted,which are of great significance in enhancing patients' walking quality.

Objective To explore the immediate impact of acute vision changes in hemiplegic patients on their gait.Methods Thirty visually normal hemiplegic patients were recruited.Plane mirrors(0°),concave lenses(+150°,+450°)were selected to simulate normal vision,moderate myopia,and high myopia scenarios for straight line walking tests.The Qualisys three-dimensional(3D)motion capture system and Kistler 3D force platform were employed to collect kinematic and dynamic parameters of the patients,and the differences in related indicators before and after visual intervention were compared.Results Visual intervention affected the step length,walking speed,and joint angles of hemiplegic patients.Especially after acute vision changes,there was a significant difference in the stride length and ankle joint angles on the patient's affected side.Under high myopia,the step length and step length symmetry were better than those under moderate myopia,but at the expense of gait speed.Visual intervention led to asymmetric trends in step the length symmetry and joint angle symmetry.There were very significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry between normal vision and high myopia.Conclusions Acute vision changes can affect the gait of hemiplegic patients,especially in individuals with high myopia presenting both a notable decrease in walking speed and an increased ankle range of motion,and an increase in walking speed with moderate myopia.Meanwhile,the symmetry of the COP decreases,indicating that acute vision changes lead to a higher risk of falls for patients.Reasonable vision assessment and corresponding intervention measures are expected to improve walking ability and life quality of the patients.

This article focuses on the application of artificial intelligence in clinical hematology laboratory teaching. By analyzing the current situation of clinical hematology test teaching and combining the advantages of artificial intelligence technology, this paper explores its application prospects in clinical hematology laboratory teaching from multiple perspectives, such as case library construction, atlas resource library construction, virtual simulation training, auxiliary teaching, and clinical thinking training, and analyzes the possible problems of artificial intelligence in teaching practice.