Objective: To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) and the situation of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) among hypertension patients in rural areas of Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide a basis for enhancing blood pressure management in this population. Methods: From June to October 2021, hypertension patients under management in Luodian Town and Luojing Town of rural areas of Shanghai Municipality were selected as survey subjects using a multistage random sampling method. Demographic information, KAP related to hypertension, and HBPM status were collected through questionnaire surveys. Patients were categorized into short disease duration (≤5 years), medium disease duration (6-10 years), and long disease duration (≥11 years) groups. KAP and HBPM status across different disease duration groups were analyzed statistically. Results: A total of 2 894 hypertensive patients were surveyed, including 1 317 (45.51%) males and 1 577 (54.49%) females. The median age was 69.00 (interquartile range, 10.00) years. There were 610 cases with short disease duration, accounting for 21.08%; 629 cases with medium duration, accounting for 21.73%; and 1 655 cases with long duration, accounting for 57.19%. The awareness of "hypertension control measures" was relatively high (97.89%), while awareness of "hypertension complications" was relatively low (71.70%). The adherence rate of "not perceiving difficulty in remembering to take medication on time and in correct doses" was relatively low (78.89%), and the proportion of participants who "walked ≥10 minutes per session at least once in the past 7 days" was relatively high (80.48%). A total of 1 209 cases (41.78%) engaged in HBPM, including 233 cases with short disease duration (19.27%), 252 cases with medium disease duration (20.84%), and 724 cases with long disease duration (59.88%). Compared with long disease duration hypertension patients, those with short disease duration had a alower awareness of "principles of pharmacological treatment for hypertension", a lower adherence rate of "medication should not be stopped after blood pressure control", and a lower proportion of providing their blood pressure measurement results to doctors (all P<0.017). However, they had higher proportions of alcohol consumption and daily salt intake >6 g/d (both P<0.017). Conclusions Short disease duration hypertension patients exhibit poorer performance in hypertension-related KAP and HBPM compared to long disease duration patients in rural areas of Shanghai Municipality. It is recommended to implement tailored health education based on disease duration, promote HBPM, and enhance blood pressure control rate.

Objective:To investigate the doses received by radiation workers from external and internal exposures during the production of 125I seed source, and to provide scientific basis for accurate evaluation of the annual doses of radiation workers. Methods:The production site and radiation workers of a 125I seed source production enterprise were determined as the survey objects. An AT1121 X/γ dosimeter was used to measure the ambient dose equivalent rate on the operation site such as welding and cleaning of the seed source, and the dose received by workers from external exposure was estimated. LiF (Mg, Cu, P) TLD dosimeters were used to measure the external doses to workers in a specific period. The doses obtained by the two method were compared and analyzed. The RG-50 air sampler and TC-30 iodine box were used to collect the workplace air, The activity concentration of 125I in the air was measured by using of the BE5030 high-purity germanium gamma spectrometer to estimate the internal dose to workers. The evaluation of doses was performed in accordance with the national standards GBZ 128-2019 and GBZ 129-2016. Results:The estimated annual dose to the worker′ hands is 24.5 mSv/year. The estimated maximum dose was 2.61 mSv/year. The maximum value of individual dose monitored was 2.42 mSv/year, basically consistent with the measured value on the basis of considering the actual work rotation. The maximum estimate of committed effective dose from internal exposure was 1.55 mSv, by a factor of up to 17 times the estimated external dose at the corresponding post.Conclusions:The radiation dose to the radiation workers’ hands is relatively high in the production of 125I seed source, so the protective measures for hands should be effectively strengthened. Meanwhile, the internal dose to the workers in the production process of 125I seed source should not be negelected. The ventilation of the site should be strengthened, the air flow direction should be planned, and the 125I activity concentration in the air should be regularly monitored.

BACKGROUND:Finite element modeling,as an important engineering analysis technique,has been widely used in various fields of bioengineering research.However,there is little literature on what material properties should be selected for each anatomical structure of the knee joint finite element modeling at different ages for different research purposes.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the material properties of knee joint finite element models at different ages based on previous knee joint finite element studies.METHODS:The search terms were"knee,finite element,material selection,ligament injury,osteoarthritis,elderly,children,young people"in Chinese and English.Articles were searched on CNKI and PubMed,with a timeframe of 1950 to 2024.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,108 articles were finally included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Children's knee bone density will increase with age,reaching peaks in adulthood.From middle-aged to the age,the elastic modulus of knee joint femur,tibia,fibula,and patella will decrease with age,and then return to the elastic modulus of childhood.The elastic modulus of children and adult cartilage is basically the same,and the elastic modulus of the elderly increases.With the increase of age,the elastic modulus of the knee ligament will decrease to a certain extent,but there is no significant difference in the elastic modulus of the knee ligament of young people and the elderly.With the increase of age,the loss of mechanical integrity of the knee meniscus will damage the biomechanical function of the tissue and disturb the various anisotropic biomechanical responses that are effectively carried and transmitted by the tissue.Knee joint finite element modeling can be used to deeply understand the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joints,develop new implanted materials,predict knee joint diseases,improve surgical technology,and guide patients to rehabilitate exercise.

BACKGROUND:Knee finite element modelling can provide insight into knee mechanics,but its complex image segmentation is more difficult for researchers.With the development of deep learning techniques,deep learning techniques have been widely used in knee joint finite element modelling.OBJECTIVE:To replace the manual segmentation step in finite element modelling of the knee joint by using 3D Swin UNETR in combination with a semi-automatic segmentation technique for statistical shape models.METHODS:Manual(artificial)knee joint finite element model was developed based on MR and semi-automatic knee joint finite element model was developed based on 3D Swin UNETR+statistical shape model segmentation.The same loads and boundary conditions were applied to both models.Validation was performed by calculating the Dice similarity coefficient,mean distance,and comparing the peak equivalent stresses,maximum principal stresses,and maximum shear stresses of the two models.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The Dice similarity coefficients of the manual and semi-automatic segmented femur and tibia were more than 98％,and the average distances were less than or equal to(0.35±0.08)mm.(2)With the longitudinal load of 750 N and 10 Nm internal overturning moment applied to the femur tip of both manual and semi-automatic finite element models,the peak equivalent stress,maximum principal stress,and maximum shear stresses of meniscus in manual finite element model were 14.12,18.54,and 7.35 MPa;peak equivalent force,maximum principal stress,and maximum shear stress of femoral cartilage were 2.22,2.15,and 1.18 MPa;peak equivalent force,maximum principal stress,and maximum shear stress of tibial cartilage were 2.50,1.91,and 1.41 MPa;semi-automatic finite element model of meniscus:peak equivalent force,maximum principal stress,and maximum shear stress were 14.93,18.53,and 7.75 MPa.The peak equivalent force,maximum principal stress,and maximum shear stress of femoral cartilage were 2.26,2.18,and 1.20 MPa;the peak equivalent stress,maximum principal stress,and maximum shear stress of tibial cartilage were 2.60,1.91,and 1.46 MPa.The peak equivalent stress,maximum principal stress,and maximum shear stress of manual and semi-automatic finite element models were basically consistent,with no significant difference(P＞0.05).(3)The semi-automatic segmentation technique proposed in this study can replace manual segmentation in creating accurate finite element models of the knee joint.

Objective To explore the immediate impact of acute vision changes in hemiplegic patients on their gait.Methods Thirty visually normal hemiplegic patients were recruited.Plane mirrors(0°),concave lenses(+150°,+450°)were selected to simulate normal vision,moderate myopia,and high myopia scenarios for straight line walking tests.The Qualisys three-dimensional(3D)motion capture system and Kistler 3D force platform were employed to collect kinematic and dynamic parameters of the patients,and the differences in related indicators before and after visual intervention were compared.Results Visual intervention affected the step length,walking speed,and joint angles of hemiplegic patients.Especially after acute vision changes,there was a significant difference in the stride length and ankle joint angles on the patient's affected side.Under high myopia,the step length and step length symmetry were better than those under moderate myopia,but at the expense of gait speed.Visual intervention led to asymmetric trends in step the length symmetry and joint angle symmetry.There were very significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry between normal vision and high myopia.Conclusions Acute vision changes can affect the gait of hemiplegic patients,especially in individuals with high myopia presenting both a notable decrease in walking speed and an increased ankle range of motion,and an increase in walking speed with moderate myopia.Meanwhile,the symmetry of the COP decreases,indicating that acute vision changes lead to a higher risk of falls for patients.Reasonable vision assessment and corresponding intervention measures are expected to improve walking ability and life quality of the patients.

Objective To explore the impact of vision impairment(VI)on the gait of hemiplegic patients,assess their walking ability and fall risks,and provide a basis for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients were enrolled and stratified by the severity of visual acuity impairment into three groups(unimpaired,mildly impaired,and severely impaired).The gait data of patients under uncorrected vision were collected using the Qualisys motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,and the balance ability of patients was assessed simultaneously.Subsequently,the gait and assessment data were statistically analyzed to compare inter-group differences.Results Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in step length,symmetry,and walking speed were observed in hemiplegic patients of the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group.As VI increased,gait abnormalities became more pronounced,with a longer double-limb support phase,a longer swing phase of the affected limb,and a shorter single-limb support phase of the affected limb in the gait cycle.Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry were found between the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group,with gait abnormalities intensifying.The Berg balance scale(BBS)scores showed that there was a significant difference between the visually unimpaired group and severe visual impairment group,indicating that the group with visual impairment had poorer balance ability.Conclusions VI has a significant negative impact on the gait and walking ability of hemiplegic patients.This study emphasizes the importance of focusing on the impact of VI in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients,with regular vision assessments and personalized interventions being conducted,which are of great significance in enhancing patients' walking quality.

The clinical detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PAF)remains challenging due to its transient and stochastic characteristics,and existing dynamic mode decomposition methods have limitations in modal redundancy reduction and feature extraction when processing single-channel noisy electrocardiogram(ECG)signals.Therefore,a signal analysis method based on high-order dynamic mode decomposition is proposed.It captures high-order correlations within ECG signals through tensor decomposition techniques and decomposes complex signals into physically interpretable dynamic modes.A stability evaluation framework for signal subsystem is established based on modal interaction relationships.By incorporating quantitative indicators including proportion of modes reflecting system instability,modal distribution entropy,and eigenvalue spectrum divergence,a feature discrimination model for PAF is developed.Experimental validation using the MIT-BIH atrial fibrillation database reveals statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in stability-related features between PAF episodes and normal sinus rhythms.The classification model based on support vector machine achieves an average recognition accuracy of 96.15%.These results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively analyze nonlinear dynamic characteristics in noisy single-lead ECG signals,thereby establishing a novel quantitative analytical framework for early detection and accurate diagnosis of PAF.

BACKGROUND:Finite element modeling,as an important engineering analysis technique,has been widely used in various fields of bioengineering research.However,there is little literature on what material properties should be selected for each anatomical structure of the knee joint finite element modeling at different ages for different research purposes.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the material properties of knee joint finite element models at different ages based on previous knee joint finite element studies.METHODS:The search terms were"knee,finite element,material selection,ligament injury,osteoarthritis,elderly,children,young people"in Chinese and English.Articles were searched on CNKI and PubMed,with a timeframe of 1950 to 2024.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,108 articles were finally included for summary.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Children's knee bone density will increase with age,reaching peaks in adulthood.From middle-aged to the age,the elastic modulus of knee joint femur,tibia,fibula,and patella will decrease with age,and then return to the elastic modulus of childhood.The elastic modulus of children and adult cartilage is basically the same,and the elastic modulus of the elderly increases.With the increase of age,the elastic modulus of the knee ligament will decrease to a certain extent,but there is no significant difference in the elastic modulus of the knee ligament of young people and the elderly.With the increase of age,the loss of mechanical integrity of the knee meniscus will damage the biomechanical function of the tissue and disturb the various anisotropic biomechanical responses that are effectively carried and transmitted by the tissue.Knee joint finite element modeling can be used to deeply understand the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joints,develop new implanted materials,predict knee joint diseases,improve surgical technology,and guide patients to rehabilitate exercise.

Objective To explore the impact of vision impairment(VI)on the gait of hemiplegic patients,assess their walking ability and fall risks,and provide a basis for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients were enrolled and stratified by the severity of visual acuity impairment into three groups(unimpaired,mildly impaired,and severely impaired).The gait data of patients under uncorrected vision were collected using the Qualisys motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,and the balance ability of patients was assessed simultaneously.Subsequently,the gait and assessment data were statistically analyzed to compare inter-group differences.Results Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in step length,symmetry,and walking speed were observed in hemiplegic patients of the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group.As VI increased,gait abnormalities became more pronounced,with a longer double-limb support phase,a longer swing phase of the affected limb,and a shorter single-limb support phase of the affected limb in the gait cycle.Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry were found between the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group,with gait abnormalities intensifying.The Berg balance scale(BBS)scores showed that there was a significant difference between the visually unimpaired group and severe visual impairment group,indicating that the group with visual impairment had poorer balance ability.Conclusions VI has a significant negative impact on the gait and walking ability of hemiplegic patients.This study emphasizes the importance of focusing on the impact of VI in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients,with regular vision assessments and personalized interventions being conducted,which are of great significance in enhancing patients' walking quality.

Objective:To investigate the doses received by radiation workers from external and internal exposures during the production of 125I seed source, and to provide scientific basis for accurate evaluation of the annual doses of radiation workers. Methods:The production site and radiation workers of a 125I seed source production enterprise were determined as the survey objects. An AT1121 X/γ dosimeter was used to measure the ambient dose equivalent rate on the operation site such as welding and cleaning of the seed source, and the dose received by workers from external exposure was estimated. LiF (Mg, Cu, P) TLD dosimeters were used to measure the external doses to workers in a specific period. The doses obtained by the two method were compared and analyzed. The RG-50 air sampler and TC-30 iodine box were used to collect the workplace air, The activity concentration of 125I in the air was measured by using of the BE5030 high-purity germanium gamma spectrometer to estimate the internal dose to workers. The evaluation of doses was performed in accordance with the national standards GBZ 128-2019 and GBZ 129-2016. Results:The estimated annual dose to the worker′ hands is 24.5 mSv/year. The estimated maximum dose was 2.61 mSv/year. The maximum value of individual dose monitored was 2.42 mSv/year, basically consistent with the measured value on the basis of considering the actual work rotation. The maximum estimate of committed effective dose from internal exposure was 1.55 mSv, by a factor of up to 17 times the estimated external dose at the corresponding post.Conclusions:The radiation dose to the radiation workers’ hands is relatively high in the production of 125I seed source, so the protective measures for hands should be effectively strengthened. Meanwhile, the internal dose to the workers in the production process of 125I seed source should not be negelected. The ventilation of the site should be strengthened, the air flow direction should be planned, and the 125I activity concentration in the air should be regularly monitored.