Objective:To investigate the effects of Zhuanggu Zhitong Capsules on JNK signaling molecules and their phosphorylated proteins in postmenopausal osteoporosis model female mice.Methods:The rats were divided into sham-operation group, blank group, model group, positive drug group, and Zhuanggu Zhitong Capsules group according to the random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. The model group, the positive drug group and the Zhuanggu Zhitong Capsules group were prepared by bilateral ovarian detomy to prepare a female mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The positive drug group was given 0.9 mg/kg of alendronate sodium, the Zhuanggu Zhitong Capsules group was given was Zhuanggu Zhitong Capsules 1.944 g/kg for gavage, and the blank group, sham-operation group, and model group were given the same volume of normal saline for gavage, once a day for a total of 13 weeks. Rat vaginal exfoliated cells were stained with Wright's staining; serum Omentin-1 and 25(OH)D 3 levels were determined by ELISA; renal tissue and femoral structure were observed by HE staining; JNK and p-JNK protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining; JNK mRNA levels were detected by PCR. Results:Compared with the model group, the serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and Omentin-1 in the Zhuanggu Zhitong Capsules group and the positive drug group increased ( P<0.01), the mean gray values of JNK and p-JNK protein in bone and kidney tissues decreased ( P<0.01), and the mRNA levels of JNK in bone and kidney tissues decreased ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Zhuanggu Zhitong Capsules can effectively improve the bone microstructure of postmenopausal osteoporotic rats, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of JNK signaling pathway.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep interruption(SI)cycles on emotional behavior in ICR mice,and to establish a mouse model of comorbid anxiety and depression induced by SI.Methods Seventy-two male ICR mice(4～5 weeks old)were divided randomly into a blank group and a model group.Mice in the model group were subjected to SI stress modeling for 1,2,and 3 weeks,respectively.After modeling,emotional behaviors were evaluated using open-field,elevated plus maze,light-dark box,marble-burying,and forced-swimming tests.Serum corticosterone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Mice in the model group buried significantly more marbles after 1 week of SI stress,compared with the blank group(P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of stress,mice in the model group also showed a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05)and a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.01)compared with the control group.After 3 weeks of stress,mice in the model group showed a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05),and a significant increase in immobility time in the forced-swim test(P＜0.01).Conclusions ICR mice exhibited significant anxiety-related behaviors after 2 weeks of SI modeling and significant anxiety-and depressive-related behavioral changes after 3 weeks.Three weeks of SI stress can be used to establish a model of comorbid anxiety and depression.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep interruption(SI)cycles on emotional behavior in ICR mice,and to establish a mouse model of comorbid anxiety and depression induced by SI.Methods Seventy-two male ICR mice(4～5 weeks old)were divided randomly into a blank group and a model group.Mice in the model group were subjected to SI stress modeling for 1,2,and 3 weeks,respectively.After modeling,emotional behaviors were evaluated using open-field,elevated plus maze,light-dark box,marble-burying,and forced-swimming tests.Serum corticosterone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Mice in the model group buried significantly more marbles after 1 week of SI stress,compared with the blank group(P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of stress,mice in the model group also showed a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05)and a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.01)compared with the control group.After 3 weeks of stress,mice in the model group showed a significant increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in the number of crossings in the light-dark box(P＜0.05),and a significant increase in immobility time in the forced-swim test(P＜0.01).Conclusions ICR mice exhibited significant anxiety-related behaviors after 2 weeks of SI modeling and significant anxiety-and depressive-related behavioral changes after 3 weeks.Three weeks of SI stress can be used to establish a model of comorbid anxiety and depression.

This article systematically studied the moxibustion methods embedded in the 15 medical books of the Mawangdui medical literature. Starting from the origin of the medical moxibustion culture in Mawangdui， this paper comprehensively analyzed the records of moxibustion. By analyzing the Classic of Moxibustion to Eleven Foot-arm Channels （《足臂十一脉灸经》） and Classic of Moxibustion to Eleven Yin-yang Channels （《阴阳十一脉灸经》） as well as Formulas for Fifty-two Diseases （《五十二病方》）， which have relatively rich records of moxibustion， it is found that moxibustion involves more than 170 diseases and syndromes， covering 12 categories such as limb diseases related to meridians and collaterals， lung system diseases， and heart and brain diseases. In summary， the distinctive characte-ristics of moxibustion in Mawangdui medical books include primitive simplicity， combination of witch culture and medical practices， philosophical deduction， centripetal circulation， diverse moxibustion materials， extensive cove-rage of diseases and syndromes， taboos in moxibustion， and the integration of prevention and treatment. The ideas and applications of moxibustion mainly manifest in preventing diseases before they occur and preventing changes in existing diseases， distinguishing and treating each disease based on different causes， and combining treatment based on meridians， collaterals and comprehensive diseases.

In the process of modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),it is an urgent issue to consider how to strengthen the confidence of TCM culture,maintain composure without being"backfired",and maintain relative independence without being"diluted".Integrating Zhang Zhongjing's life and academic thoughts into the thousands of years of development of TCM,we are excavate and examine it from the perspective of Medical Literature Collaboration,and find that it has accumulated profound spiritual strength.Systematically condensed the connotation of Zhongjing Spirit,specifically including the medical spirit of putting people first and putting life first.The medical spirit of perseverance and the courage to climb new heights.Inherit the medical spirit of essence,integrity and innovation;The medical spirit of objectivity and scientificity.The rigorous medical style and cautious clinical spirit.The contemporary value of Zhongjing Spirit is significant,which is a distinctive way to promote cultural confidence and self-improvement,and to create the brilliance of Chinese culture.It is an important embodiment of adhering to the people as the center and promoting Chinese path to modernization.Key measures to inherit Zhong Jing's academic ideas and promote innovation in TCM.It is an inevitable requirement to explore the value of TCM and promote the development of healthy industries.Zhang Zhongjing's scholarship and spirit is an important core and pillar of TCM,an important support in the process of modernization of TCM,and a strong driving force for the development of TCM.It is worth constantly digging and inheriting.

In the process of modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),it is an urgent issue to consider how to strengthen the confidence of TCM culture,maintain composure without being"backfired",and maintain relative independence without being"diluted".Integrating Zhang Zhongjing's life and academic thoughts into the thousands of years of development of TCM,we are excavate and examine it from the perspective of Medical Literature Collaboration,and find that it has accumulated profound spiritual strength.Systematically condensed the connotation of Zhongjing Spirit,specifically including the medical spirit of putting people first and putting life first.The medical spirit of perseverance and the courage to climb new heights.Inherit the medical spirit of essence,integrity and innovation;The medical spirit of objectivity and scientificity.The rigorous medical style and cautious clinical spirit.The contemporary value of Zhongjing Spirit is significant,which is a distinctive way to promote cultural confidence and self-improvement,and to create the brilliance of Chinese culture.It is an important embodiment of adhering to the people as the center and promoting Chinese path to modernization.Key measures to inherit Zhong Jing's academic ideas and promote innovation in TCM.It is an inevitable requirement to explore the value of TCM and promote the development of healthy industries.Zhang Zhongjing's scholarship and spirit is an important core and pillar of TCM,an important support in the process of modernization of TCM,and a strong driving force for the development of TCM.It is worth constantly digging and inheriting.

OBJECTIVE Microgravity exerts several negative effects on the learning and memory of astro-nauts during space flight.Rg1 and Rb1,the key steroidal components of ginseng,have shown potent neuroprotec-tive effects with a high safety profile.The object of the current study is to investigate the influence of Rg1 and Rb1 on simulated microgravity-induced memory and learning dysfunction in the hindlimb suspension(HLS)rat model.METHODS The HLS rats were orally administered Rg1(30 and 60 μmol·kg-1)or Rb1(30 and 60 μmol·kg-1)for four weeks.The Morris water maze test(MWM)and reward operating conditioning reflex test(ROCR)were conducted to evaluate spatial and associative learning and memory.After the behavior tests,the serum and the prefrontal cortex(PFC)were dissected to measure the mechanism.RESULTS Rg1 and Rb1 treatment amelio-rated the cognitive deficits of HLS-exposure rats in MWM and ROCR,reduced reactive oxygen species generation and increased antioxidant enzyme activity.Rg1 and Rb1 also assisted in the recovery of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ(NADH dehydrogenase)activities and Mfn2,and decrea-sed Drp-1 expression.Furthermore,Rg1 and Rb1 reduced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the expression of cleaved-cas-pase 3,cytochrome c,increased the levels of SYN,PSD95 and activated BDNF-TrkB/PI3K-Akt pathway in the PFC.CONCLUSION Rg1 and Rb1 treatment attenuated cog-nitive deficits induced by HLS,mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction,attenuated oxidative stress,inhibited apopto-sis,and increased the synaptic plasticity,which was partly mediated by the modulation of the BDNF-TrkB/PI3K-Akt signaling.

Male infertility is a significant cause of psychosocial and marital distress in approximately 50% of couples who are unable to conceive, with male factors being the underlying cause. Guijiajiao (Colla Carapacis et Plastri, CCP) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine commonly used to treat male infertility. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of CCP on male infertility. An infertile male rat model was established using cyclophosphamide (CTX), and CCP was administered for both treatment and prevention. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was also performed to explore the role of gut microbiota in the CCP-mediated prevention of male infertility in rats. Sperm motility and concentration were determined using a semi-automatic sperm classification analyzer. Subsequently, histopathological analysis using HE staining was performed to examine the changes in the small intestine and testis. Moreover, the serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and testosterone were measured by ELISA. In addition, immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect CD3 expression in the small intestine, while RT-qPCR was employed to assess the expressions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10) in the small intestine and epididymis. Finally, gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. CCP improved sperm motility, number, and concentration in CTX-induced infertile male rats. CCP increased the serum testosterone level, inhibited the immune cell infiltration of the intestinal lamina propria, and promoted the aggregation of CD3⁺ T cells in CTX-induced male infertility rats. CCP also inhibited the expressions of MCP-1, CXCL-10, and IL-1β in the epididymis of male infertility rats. At the genus level, CTX led to a reduction in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Clostridia_UCG.014, and Romboutsia in the intestinal tract of rats. In contrast, CCP decreased the abundance of Ruminococcus and increased the abundance of Romboutsia in infertile male rats. Additionally, FMT experiments proved that the gut microbiota of CCP-treated rats facilitated testicular tissue recovery and spermatogenesis while also reducing the serum LPS level in infertile male rats. CCP improves the spermatogenic ability of infertile male rats by restoring gut microbiota diversity and inhibiting epididymal inflammation.
Humans ; Rats ; Male ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Semen ; Sperm Motility ; Infertility, Male/prevention & control* ; Testosterone

The theory of Zang Xiang is the core of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and its content mostly comes from the comparison of images.Among them,the liver Zang of"main drainage"and"main blood storage"involves many systems such as nerve,digestion,circulation,hematopoiesis,reproduction and so on.It is difficult to find the corresponding anatomical organs or tissues in western medicine.The author analyzes and believes that the collection of the functional system of the liver system of traditional Chinese medicine,compares the physiological function and pathological changes of the liver system with the histamine receptor distributed in multiple systems of the whole body,as well as the main symptoms and adverse reactions of the drugs regulating the histamine receptor,and believes that the functional system composed of histamine receptors may carry the important functions of the liver system of traditional Chinese medicine.

The essence-qi-spirit theory is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine， whose steady state is the material and functional basis for the balance of yin and yang in the body， making the essence， qi and spirit integrated， and body and spirit harmonized. Based on this theory， it is proposed that essence and qi depletion， spirit dissipation and qi dispersion， disharmony between yin and yang is the main pathogenesis of sleep disorders. Therefore， the method of regulating and harmonzing yin and yang by essence gathering， qi nourishing and spirit storing can be used to treat sleep disorder. The biological clock system of the circadian rhythm of sleep is regulated by the molecular oscillation that is generated by the transcription of the biological clock gene， and is a clock gradually formed by orga-nisms constantly adapting to the laws of nature. As the material basis， power， and embodiment of sound and peaceful sleep， essence， qi and spirit can perceive and transmit natural signals， whose functions are similar to what is recognized by modern science that oscillation amplifies the rhythm signal， and synchronously regulates the expression signal of the biological clock gene， thereby forming a biological clock system with “input-oscillation-output” as the feedback cycle. It is believed that the regulation method of yin and yang by essence gathering， qi nourishing and spirit storing may comprehensively regulate the physiological activities through brain/ muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 （BMAL1）/circadian locomotor output cycles kaput （CLOCK）-period protein （PER）/ cryptochrome （CRY） transcriptional feedback loop， thereby adapting to the natural environment changes， playing an active role in the treatment of sleep disorders， and provideing a new idea for traditional Chinese medicine to reshape the molecular regulation system of the endogenous biological clock to prevent and treat sleep disorders.