Background Occupational pneumoconiosis is the most common occupational disease in Qinghai Province and China. From the perspective of public health, it is important to assess the disease burden using disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and economic losses. Objective To evaluate the disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinghai Province, and to provide a basis for the formulation and implementation of relevant prevention and control strategies. Methods Based on the registered data, a database of occupational pneumoconiosis cases confirmed and reported in Qinghai Province was established. The survival status and death dateof occupational pneumoconiosis patients from 2015 to 2019 were confirmed by on-site visit, telephone survey, matching search of Death Information Registration and Management System, and consulting other departments. The life loss due to occupational pneumoconiosis from 2015 to 2019 was assessed using DALY as an indicator and data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019) study. Inpatients with officially diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis from a hospital in Qinghai Province in 2019 were selected as study subjects, the direct economic loss was evaluated with hospitalization expenses, and the indirect economic loss due to occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinghai Province in 2019 was calculated by human capital approach. Results From 2015 to 2019, 505 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were reported in Qinghai Province, and there were 348 death cases. Prevalent cases and years lost due to disability (YLD) due to occupational pneumoconiosis were increased, while DALY and years of life lost (YLL) due to occupational pneumoconiosis decreased firstly and then increased. In each year, there were 87% or more of the DALY, YLL, or YLD attributed to silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis. In 2019, the occupational pneumoconiosis-associated DALY was 2173.55 person years. The total hospitalization expense incurred by 42 inpatients with occupational pneumoconiosis was 1256345.19 yuan. The total hospitalization expense and average daily cost of the inpatients with stageⅡand Ⅲ pneumoconiosis were higher than that of the inpatients with stageⅠ (P<0.05), and the hospitalization expense was higher in the ≥60 years age group than in the <60 years age group (P<0.05). In 2019, the indirect economic burden incurred by occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinghai Province was 44108581.65 yuan, and accounted for 0.15‰ of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the province. Conclusion The disease burden associated with occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinghai Province are outstanding. Silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis are the key contributors. Targeted intervention measures including dust hazard control, enterprise management, follow-up and rehabilitation management of pneumoconiosis should be taken to prevent and control the occurrence and progression of pneumoconiosis and alleviate disease burden of pneumoconiosis.

Objective: To investigate the genetic characteristics of VP1 coding region of enterovirus Coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16) and etiological features of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in 2017 in Xining city. Methods: The pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from HFMD patients, and detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For CV-A16 positive samples, virus isolation was performed. Then RNA was extracted, and then VP1 coding region was amplified by RT-PCR. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with other genotypes and sub-genotypes strains of EV-A71. Results: It was shown that 70 strains of CV-A16 were isolated from 2017 to 2018 in Xining city. In 2017, 10 strains were isolated and divided into two different lineages by phylogenetic analysis, 3 strains of B1a and 7 stains of B1b. In 2018, 60 stains were isolated, which were all belong to B1b. Conclusions B1a and B1b of CV-A16 are prevalent in Xining city from 2017 to 2018, in which B1b is the prominent isolates.

Based on the results of previous data mining,the mechanism of high frequency use of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of high altitude polycythemia(HAPC) was analyzed in this study by network pharmacology. The author obtained the high frequency use data on Tibetan medicine Terminalia chebula,Aucklandia lappa,Crocus sativus and Myristica fragrans for the treatment of HAPC by data mining in the previous period. The first five main active ingredients of each high frequency Tibetan medicine were screened out by reviewing comprehensive literature and TCMSP database. The potential targets of each medicine were screened by PharmMapper and Drug Bank database,and then the targets were imported into MAS 3. 0 database to obtain the corresponding path information. The KEGG database was used for path annotation and GO function enrichment analysis. Finally,Cystoscope 3. 4. 0 software was used to construct " compound-target-path" network for four high-frequency Tibetan medicines. Among them,the target points of four herbs related to HAPC were 16(T. chebula),20(A. lappa),20(C. sativus),and 15(M. fragrans). The common target points included BHMT,F2,ADH5,AKR1 C2,GSK3 B,INSR and PDE4 B,involving pathways related to T. chebula(17),A. lappa(17),C. sativus(24) and M. fragrans(14),and the common pathway was metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. The results showed that high-frequency Tibetan medicine had common pathways and targets in treating HAPC,such as T. chebula,A. lappa,C. sativus and M. fragrans.The medicines could reduce hemoglobin and enhance immunity by mediating cell proliferation and oxidative stress,exerting anti-inflammatory effects and participating in regulating blood vessels,showing therapeutic effects for HAPC. In this study,the multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of Tibetan medicine in preventing and treating HAPC was analyzed from the information level,providing a useful reference for further study of Tibetan medicine in preventing and treating plateau diseases from the multi-dimensional perspective.
Data Mining ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Polycythemia

OBJECTIVE: To comprehend the status of knowledge-attitude-practice( KAP) and its effect on blood lead in workers exposed to lead.METHODS: Three hundred and fifty-one first-line lead exposed workers in the smelting industry were chosen as study subjects by cluster sampling method.Blood lead levels in peripheral venous blood were detected.Questionnaire survey was conducted by self-compiled Questionnaire of Knowledge-attitude-practice on Occupational Health in Lead Workers.RESULTS: Among the study subjects,145 workers had abnormal blood lead level( ≥600 μg/L),the abnormal rate was 41.3%.The correct scoring rate in occupational knowledge,attitude,and practice were 25.1%,45.3% and 15.7%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the four risk factors of high blood lead level were wearing no personal protective equipment,not bathing and changing clothes before returning home,not gargling and washing hands before meals,smoking and eating in workplace.CONCLUSION: Poor occupational behaviors can increase the risk of high blood lead level in lead exposed workers.

Objective To investigate the acceptability and related factors of an "on-demand"pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV transmission among MSM in Shenyang.Methods MSM recruited by non-probability sampling method and questionnaire survey conducted by investigators to collect information on social and behavioral characteristics,awareness of PrEP,Truvada and the acceptability of two different PrEP-based trials.Multivariate logistic regression was employed for statistical analysis.Results Among the 292 respondents,34.2％ had heard of PrEP and 58.2％ (170/292) reported were interested in participating a PrEP trial-"on-demand" use or 48.3％ (141/292) interested on "daily" use (x2=5.785,P=0.02).Factors independently associated with those "on-demand" would include:having more than 2 male sexual partners during the past 6 month (aOR=1.7,95％CI:1.1-2.7),concerning on the positive effect of PrEP (vs.side effects) (aOR=6.4,95％CI:2.2-18.9),having an HIV-infected sexual partners (aOR=8.1,95％ CI:1.0-63.3) and self-reported high risk for HIV (aOR=2.6,95％CI:1.2-6.0).The last two factors were only associated with the "on-demand" group.Conclusions "On-demand" PrEP (as opposed to daily) seemed a more feasible prevention strategy on HIV and particularly in those having high risk behavior of HIV.For those who could not follow the daily medication or having HIV risk perception,"On-demand" basis PrEP trial should be recommended for them to follow.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between occupational stress and working ability of workers in a petroleum processing enterprise in a high altitude area. Methods: A total of 728 workers in a petroleum processing enterprise at an altitude of 2850 m were subjected to a survey using Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) , Work Ability Index (WAI) Scale, Occupational Role Questionnaire (ORQ) , Personal Strain Questionnaire (PSQ) , and Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) from May 2014 to August 2016. Results: Of the 728 workers, 55 (7.6%) had a poor working ability, moderate in 262 (35.9%) , and good in 411 (56.5%). There were significant differences in WAI between the workers with different types of work, sexes, ages, and working years (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in WAI between different occupational stress groups (P<0.05). WAI was negatively correlated with ORQ score and PSQ score (r_s=-0.387, P<0.05; r_s=-0.467, P<0.05) and positively correlated with PRQ score (r_s=0.343, P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that high ORQ score and PSQ score were the inhibitory factors for high WAI (B=-0.058; B=-0.082) and high PRQ score was a contributing factor for high WAI (B=0.029) . Conclusion Occupational stress is an influencing factor for the working ability of workers in the petroleum processing enterprise in the high altitude area. Hypoxia in high altitude area may further reduce the working ability. In order to reduce occupational stress and improve work ability, it should be considered to strengthen skills training, improve the working environment, and pay attention to mental health.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome( MS) and occupational stress among workers in high altitude area. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 940 workers as research subjects who were engaged in petroleum smelting,thermal power generation and financial management et al. in high altitude area. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised for occupational stress, The occupational health examination was performed to measure waist circumference,blood pressure,blood sugar and blood lipids. RESULTS: The abnormal rates in obesity,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein,blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were 28. 3%,16. 3%,14. 3%,13. 3% and 6. 5%, respectively. The detection rate of MS was 5. 0%( 47/940). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of elevated MS decreased with the increased of occupational stress level( P < 0. 05),and the risk of elevated MS increased with the increased of occupational stress reaction severity( P < 0. 05),after adjusting the confounding factors of gender and labor nature. CONCLUSION: The higher occupational stress reaction of the workers in high altitude area,the higher the risk of MS.

Objective: To explore the relationship between septal myocardial metabolism and left ventricular mechanical synchronization in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and left bundle branch block (LBBB) by gated 18F-FDG myocardial metabolic imaging.
Methods: A total of 20 consecutive patients diagnosed for DCM with LBBB from 2010-10 to 2013-05 were enrolled, there were 11 male and 9 female at the mean age of (54±11) years. All patients received gated 18F-FDG myocardial metabolic PET imaging. TrueD software was used to determine the maximal standardized 18F-FDG uptake value (S-SUVmax) and the average standardized uptake value (S-SUVavg). QGS software was applied to conduct left ventricular phase analysis and to detect the cardiac function, left ventricular bandwidth (BW), standard deviation of bandwidth (SD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LVESV and LVEF. The relationship between 18F-FDG uptake in septal myocardium with the indexes of phase analysis and the indexes of cardiac function was analyzed.
Results: S-SUVmax and S-SUVavg were respectively negatively related to BW (r=-0.44, P<0.05 and r=-0.48, P<0.05);they were also respectively negatively related to SD (r=-0.57, P<0.01 and r=-0.51, P<0.05). While S-SUVmax and S-SUVavg were not really related to LVEDV, LVESV and LVEF, all P>0.05.
Conclusion: In patients of DCM with LBBB, reduced septal myocardial metabolism was closely related to left ventricular mechanical synchronization, gated 18F-FDG myocardial metabolic PET imaging may simultaneously detect both functions, which was important for prognostic evaluation and therapeutic monitoring in clinical practice;phase analysis.

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy and safety of anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin(ATG-F) combined with cyclosporin A(CsA) on patients with severe aplastic anemia (SSA), so as to provide support for clinical work.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2015, 78 patients with SAA admitted in our hospital were divided into 2 groups: ATG-F+CsA group(40 cases) and ATG-F group(38 cases). After treatment for 6 months, the effective rate, side reaction rate and time of effect initiation were compared between 2 groups. The follow-up results were compared between 2 groups.

RESULTSThe effective rate and side reaction rate in ATG-F+CsA group were 100.00% and 32.50% respectively, those in ATG-F group were 94.74% and 44.74% respectively and without statistical significant difference(P>0.05). In ATG-F+CsA group, the time of effect initiation in cured patients, remission and obvious inprovement were (44.9±15.4) d, (68.8±15.9) d and (85.4±17.6) d; in ATG-F group, patients with those were (59.6±11.5) d, (94.7±17.8) d and (119.8±21.4) d respectively, the difference showed statistical significance(P<0.05). The follow-up results were not statistically significantly different between 2 groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONATG-F combined with CsA can shorten the time of effect initiation, and demonstrates reliable safety.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic efficacy of rituximab combined with methotrexate on patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.

METHODSFifty eight patients with central nervous system lymphoma treated in our hospital from February 2008 to September 2011 years were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. The control group was treated with methotrexate combined with whole brain radiotherapy; the observation group was treated by rituximab combined with methotrexate. The curative efficacy, adverse effects, life quality, and the 1 and 3 year survival rate after 2 cycles of treatment were compared between 2 groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of observation group was 82.76%, which significantly higher than 58.62% of the control group (P < 0.05). In observation group, the incidences of anemia, liver damage, gastrointestinal side effect and oral ulcer were significantly lower than that in control group, respectively (P < 0.05). The physiological function, physical function, health status, social and emotional function in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), 1 and 3 years survival rates in the observation group were 86.21% and 62.07%, significantly higher than 58.62% and 31.03% in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTargeted therapy combined with chemotherapy for the primary central nervous system lymphoma can improve the patients' outcomes, reduce adverse effects, and improve the quality of life and survival rate.

Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; drug therapy ; Methotrexate ; therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Rituximab ; therapeutic use ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome