Objective: To investigate the association between mobile phone addiction and career maturity among senior high school students, and to examine the mediating role of learning motivation problems and the moderating effect of grade level, so as to provide evidence for targeted interventions to promote career development. Methods: From August to November 2025, a total of 1 591 students from grade 10 to grade 12 were selected from two senior high schools in Haibei Prefecture,Qinghai Province, using cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Middle School Students Motivation Scale and Career Maturity Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among variables. Hierarchical linear regression was used to explore the association between mobile phone addiction and career maturity. The PROCESS macro (version 5.0 ) was used to test mediation and moderation effects. Results: Mobile phone addiction was negatively correlated with career maturity ( r =-0.21) and positively correlated with learning motivation problems ( r =0.12), while learning motivation problems were negatively correlated with career maturity ( r =-0.23) (all P <0.01). Mobile phone addiction was negatively associated with career maturity（ β =-0.21，95% CI =-0.27 to -0.15）, and learning motivation problems partially mediated the association (indirect effect= -0.03, 95% CI =-0.04 to -0.01)(both P <0.05). The interaction between mobile phone addiction and grade significantly predicted career maturity ( β =0.07, P <0.05). Simple slope analysis showed that the effect of mobile phone addiction on career maturity was strongest among first year senior high school students ( β =-0.26), followed by second year students ( β =-0.19), and was weaker among third year students ( β =-0.12)(all P <0.05). Conclusions Mobile phone addiction is negatively associated with career maturity among senior high school students. Learning motivation problems partially mediate the association, and the association between mobile phone addiction and career maturity is stronger among first and second year students than among third year students.

Nuclear radiation exposure events and tumor radiotherapy are highly susceptible to a range of psychological, physiological and other health problems, which can seriously affect patients' quality of life. It has been shown that 87.5 % of tumor patients are exposed to varying degrees of radiation injury during radiotherapy. The treatment of radiation injury (RI) in modern medicine is limited to drug therapy, cell therapy, etc. Among them, the most chemical drugs cause many adverse reactions including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, etc., and there are very few drugs dedicated to the treatment of RI. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a rich natural medicinal resource, which has a wide range of pharmacological activities, multiple targets of action and minimal toxic side effects. Many studies have demonstrated that TCM and its compound preparations have enormous potential in the treatment of radiation induced comprehensive diseases. However, TCM is limited in clinical application due to its slow onset of action, complex active ingredients, and low bioavailability. Therefore, the article reviews the application, molecular mechanisms, and new dosage forms of TCM in the prevention and treatment of RI. On this basis, we will focus on discussing the development advantages and application prospects of the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine to achieve highly efficient treatment of RI. This review aims to provide scientific and effective drug delivery strategies and basic theoretical support for the clinical effective treatment of RI with TCM, and further promote the innovative development of TCM.

Objective To establish a model of radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis in mice, and study the effect of TGF-β/SMAD pathway on radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis in mice and the protective effect of pirfenidone capsules (PFD) on radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, irradiation group, and drug intervention groups (low-dose PFD + irradiation group and high-dose PFD + irradiation group). After radiation exposure, the control group and the irradiation group were given sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by gavage, while the low-dose PFD + irradiation group and the high-dose PFD + irradiation group were given PFD at 150 and 300 mg/kg daily by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks, respectively. The body weights of mice were measured and recorded weekly. The pathological changes of heart tissues in mice were observed by H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining. The expression levels of TGF-β, SMAD2, and SMAD3 mRNAs in mouse heart tissues were detected by RT-PCR. The expression levels of TGF-β, SMAD2, and SMAD3 proteins in mouse heart tissues were detected by Western blot. The expression levels of CK and CK-MB in mouse heart tissues were detected by blood biochemical tests. Results H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining showed severe myocardial fibrosis in the irradiation group compared with the control group. Compared with the irradiation group, the two groups with drug intervention showed reduced heart disease and myocardial fibrosis. RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression levels of TGF-β, SMAD2, and SMAD3 were up-regulated in the irradiation group compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05). The expression levels of TGF-β, SMAD2, and SMAD3 were down-regulated in the two groups treated with PFD compared with the irradiation group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of CK and CK-MB in mouse heart tissues were down-regulated in the two groups treated with PFD compared to irradiation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Radiation has long-term effects on normal heart tissue, causing myocardial damage and promoting myocardial fibrosis. The up-regulation of TGF-β/SMAD pathway is related to the formation of radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis. PFD can mitigate the progression of myocardial fibrosis and protect heart tissue by down-regulating TGF-β/SMAD pathway.

Objective To screen the risk factors and risk prediction model for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in Xining area. Methods Five hundred and eighteen patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease who attended the Qinghai Specialized Hospital for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cerebrovascular Diseases from May 2018 to September 2022 were selected as the observation group, and another 421 patients with non-coronary heart disease were set as control group. The general information of patients were collected. The risk factors affecting the development of coronary heart disease were screened using Logistic regression analysis, and a risk prediction model was constructed, then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to validate the predictive value of risk model. Results The gender ratio and smoking history yielded no statistical difference between two groups (P>0.05), but statistical difference was found in age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes history, hypertension history, smoking history and family history between two groups (P<0.05). Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and uric acid (UA) were all higher than the control group, and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was lower than the control group, with statistical difference (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis denoted that age, BMI, diabetes history, hypertension history, smoking history, family history, TC, LDL, and UA were risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis yielded an AUC of 0.890 for the risk model, with a sensitivity and specificity of 72.03% and 91.14%, respectively. Conclusion Patient's age, BMI, and the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking, family history, abnormal blood lipid profiles, and abnormal blood uric acid are all risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease, and the risk model constructed on the basis of the above risk factors has a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, which is of great value in accurately evaluating the risk of coronary heart disease.

Objective: To explore the effects of high-altitude hypoxia on thyroid hormone(TH) synthesis by quasi-targeted metabolomics technology. Methods: Twenty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into Control group and Hypoxia group. An acute hypoxia injury model was established in SD rats by simulating hypoxia stress in a hypobaric oxygen chamber at an altitude of 6 km for 48 hours. The body weight, arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2) and blood oxygen saturation(SaO2) were detected. KEGG enrichment analysis was performed after the metabolites in the blood of two groups were detected by quasi-targeted metabolomics technology. The expression levels of sodium iodide symporter(NIS), thyroid peroxidase(TPO) and thyroglobulin(TG) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot in TH synthesis pathway. The content of serum thyroxine(T4) and the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of toll-like receptors-4(TLR-4), interleukin-6(IL-6), nuclear factor-κB/p65(NF-κB/p65) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA. The expression levels of Pro apoptotic protein Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax) and inhibitor of apoptosis protein B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2(Bcl-2) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot in rats thyroid tissue. Results: Compared with the Control group, the body weight, PaO2and SaO2of rats in the Hypoxia group significantly decreased(P<0.01). The differential metabolites in arterial serum of hypoxia group rats were significantly enriched in the TH synthesis pathway, and the content of the pathway end product T4decreased significantly(P<0.01). In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of NIS, TPO, TG in rats thyroid tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05). The ELISA validation results showed that the changes of T4content were completely consistent with the above results. Compared with the Control group, the enzyme activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the serum of rats in the hypoxia group decreased, while the content of MDA increased(P<0.01); the mRNA, protein expression levels and contents of TLR-4, IL-6, NF-κ B/p65, TNF-α significantly increased(P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax in thyroid tissue significantly increased, Bcl-2 significantly decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion Hypoxia stress at high altitude leads to apoptosis of thyroid follicular epithelial cells by promoting oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which effects thyroid function and ultimately reduces thyroid hormone synthesis.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan against osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats through the classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. MethodForty-eight 3-month-old SD female rats were randomized into model group （equivalent volume of normal saline）， sham operation group （equivalent volume of normal saline）， estradiol group （0.1 mg·kg^-1 estradiol valerate）， and high-， medium-， low-dose Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan groups （800， 400， 200 mg·kg^-1， respectively）. For the modeling， some adipose tissue near the ovaries was removed in the sham operation group， and ovaries were excised in other groups. Administration （ig， once a day） started two weeks after the operation and lasted 12 weeks. After sampling， based on hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， the morphological changes of the right femur and lumbar spine of the rats were observed. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to detect the serum levels of rat tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b （TRAP5b）， collagen type Ⅰ C-terminal peptide （CTX-Ⅰ）， bone alkaline phosphatase （BALP）， amino-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen （PINP）， and bone Gla-protein （BGP）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to examine the mRNA expression of β-catenin and Runt-related transcription factor 2 （Runx2） in femur， and Western blot to detect the protein expression of β-catenin， Runx2， and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 （Lrp-5）. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed disordered and sparse bone trabecula with fewer connections， decrease in serum levels of BALP， BGP， and PINP （P<0.01）， increase in levels of CTX-Ⅰ and TRAP5b （P<0.01）， reduction in mRNA expression of β-catenin and Runx2 in femoral tissue （P<0.01） and protein expression of Lrp-5， β-catenin， and Runx2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， estradiol and each dose of Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan increased the volume of bone trabecula， made thebone trabecula closely arranged， reduced the loss of the trabecular meshwork， raised the serum levels of BALP and BGP （P<0.01）， and lowered TRAP5b level （P<0.01）. PINP level was significantly increased in the high-dose Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan group and estradiol group （P<0.01） and CTX-Ⅰ level was significantly decreased in the high-dose Erwenwuwei Guijiuwan group and the estradiol group （P<0.01） compared with those in the model group. The mRNA expression of β-catenin in femoral tissue and protein expression of Lrp-5 and β-catenin in estradiol group and three Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the levels of Runx2 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the high-dose Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan group and the estradiol group （P<0.01） compared with those in the model group. ConclusionTibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan is effective for the osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats， which may be related to the classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It affects bone metabolism by up-regulating the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in the signaling pathway.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy characterized by simple operation and few postoperative complications have gradually become the two most commonly used surgical methods in clinical practice.A series of complications often occur after bariatric surgery,including gallstone disease,anemia,malnutrition,gastroesophageal reflux disease,kidney stones,and birth defects in offspring of women of childbearing age.There are controversies regarding the causes and countermeasures of these complications.This article mainly reviews the risk factors and countermeasures for the complications after bariatric surgery.
Humans ; Female ; Bariatric Surgery/methods* ; Gastric Bypass/methods* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/surgery* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Risk Factors ; Gastrectomy/methods* ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies

Quantity is the key factor to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medicines. It is very important to study and determine the traditional measuring units and their quantity values of Tibetan medicine. Based on the literature records of Tibetan medicine and combined with modern experimental verification and investigation research, this study determined the reference, name, and conversion rate of traditional measuring units of Tibetan medicine. Meanwhile, through large sample sampling and repeated quantification of refe-rence of basic units, its weight and volume were clarified. The modern SI volume and weight unit values corresponding to the traditional volume and weight units of Tibetan medicine were deduced, and the correctness, reliability, and practicability of these determination results were demonstrated. This study also put forward some specific suggestions and reference values for formulating the standards of measuring units of weight and volume of Tibetan medicine. It is of great significance in guiding the processing, production, and clinical treatment of Tibetan medicine, and promoting the standardization and standardized development of Tibetan medicine.
Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Reproducibility of Results

Xiao Xumingtang in The Catalogue of Famous Ancient Classics （The First Batch） issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine is derived from the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency （Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang） written by SUN Si-miao in the Tang dynasty. The present study systematically explored the origin， development， historical evolution， and clinical application of Xiao Xumingtang. As revealed by the results， Xiao Xumingtang as well as its analogues are primary prescriptions indicated for apoplexy before the Tang and Song dynasties and serve as the benchmark for the treatment of apoplexy. After the Song dynasty， due to the changes in the understanding of the pathogenesis of apoplexy and the limitations of the understanding of Xiao Xumingtang， its clinical application to apoplexy gradually decreased. In modern times， it has been re-recognized and applied， during which its clinical applications have undergone great changes. Its clinical applications are extensive， involving a variety of diseases related to the brain and nervous systems， such as stroke and its sequelae， peripheral facial paralysis， rheumatoid arthritis， hypertension， and other diseases related to the motor nervous system. Its primary indications are stroke and its sequelae， followed by peripheral facial paralysis. Other new indications are gradually found. This study is expected to provide references for the clinical application of Xiao Xumingtang and the transformation of new drugs.

Objective: To explore the protective effects of folic acid on retinas and its anti-oxidative stress mechanism in diabetic mice. Methods: Thirty-two 16-week-old SPF degree male db/db mice were randomized into model group and folic acid group, and 16 matched C57BL/KsJ mice were used as controls.Folic acid was used to the mice by oral gavage once per day with the dose of 71 μg/kg (2 ml) for 60 days in the folic acid group, and the same volume of normal saline solution was used in the model group and control group in the same way.The activities, mental state, body weight, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of the mice were recorded during experiment.At the end of the intervention, the mice were sacrificed and the retinas and blood sample were obtained.The histopathology of the retinas was examined with hematoxylin- eosin staining; serum homocysteine (Hcy) was detected by ELISA assay; the relative expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA were detected in the retinas by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR; the relative expressions of B lymphoma 2 protein (bcl-2), bcl-2 related X protein (bax), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and 4-Hydroxynonine (4-HNE) proteins were assayed by Western blot assay; superoxide dismutase (SOD), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the retinas were detected by biochemical kits, and immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of NADPH oxidation 4 (NOX4) in the retinas.The use and care of the experimental animals adhered to the ARVO Statement by the American Association for Vision and Ophthalmology Research and this study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Qinghai University (QHDX 2018-35). Results: Over the experimental period, The FPG was normal and body weight was gradually increased in the mice of control group.The FPG>16.7 mmol/L and the mice appeared obese.In the folic acid group, both body mass and FPG of the mice were gradually reduced.At the end of drug administration, serum Hcy concentration of the mice was (27.18±3.18)μmol/L in the model group, which was significantly higher than (8.28±2.18)μmol/L in the control group and (13.73±2.54)μmol/L in the folic acid group (all at P<0.05). The retinal structure was intact in the control group, and the retinas were thinning with more capillaries and inflammatory cells in the model group, the thickness of the retinas was increased and the capillaries and inflammatory cells were decreased in the folic acid group.The relative expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in the retinas were significantly higher in the model group than those in the control group, and those in the folic acid group were reduced in comparison with the model group (all at P<0.05). The relative expression of bcl-2 protein in the retinas of folic acid group was lower than that in the control group and higher than that in the model group, and the relative expressions of bax, 3-NT and 4-HNE proteins in the retinas of the folic acid group were significantly higher than those in the control group and lower than those in the model group (all at P<0.05 ). The T-SOD activity in the folic acid group was significantly stronger than that in the control group and weaker than that in the model group, and the concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA in the retinas of the folic acid group were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control group and elevated in comparison with those of the model group (all at P<0.05). The expressing intensity of NOX4 protein in the retinas of the folic acid group was significantly weaker than that of the model group. Conclusions Folic acid appears aprotective effect on retinal tissue in diabetic mice by reducing serum Hcy, inhibiting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.