Magnetic stimulation has made significant strides in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, current magnetic stimulation techniques lack the precision to accurately modulate specific nuclei and cannot realize deep brain magnetic stimulation. To address this, we utilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as mediators to achieve precise targeting and penetration. We investigated the effects of magnetic fields with varying frequencies on neuronal activity and compared the activation effects on neurons using a 10-Hz precise magneto-stimulation system (pMSS) with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in mice. Oxytocin levels, dendritic morphology and density, and mouse behavior were measured before and after pMSS intervention. Our findings suggest that pMSS can activate oxytocinergic neurons, leading to upregulation of oxytocin secretion and neurite outgrowth. As a result, sociability was rapidly improved after a one-week pMSS treatment regimen. These results demonstrate a promising magneto-stimulation method for regulating neuronal activity in deep brain nuclei and provide a promising therapeutic approach for autism spectrum disorder.
Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods* ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Mice ; Oxytocin/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology*

Objective To explore the mechanism by which electroacupuncture improves ocular surface inflammation in dry eye mice.Methods 30 SPF-grade healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a sham electroacupuncture group,a western medicine group and an electroacupuncture group,with 6 mice in each group.Mice in the blank group and other four groups were subcutaneously injected 200 μL of sterile physiological saline and 200 μL of scopolamine hydrobromide(0.5 mg dissolved in 0.2 mL of sterile physiological saline)at 8:00,11:00,14:00,and 17:00 every day for 35 consecutive days,respectively.From the 22nd day,mice in the sham electroacupunc-ture group were given blunt scalp acupuncture intervention at bilateral Jingming and Taiyang points,without subcutaneous penetration.In the western medicine group,fluorometholone eye drops were applied to both eyes of the mice at 8:00,13:00,and 18:00 daily,with 1 drop each time.Mice in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture in-tervention,with the same acupoint location and acupuncture time as the sham electroacupuncture group.The electroacu-puncture frequency was 2 Hz/20 Hz,the waves were sparse-dense and the intensity was 1 mA,once a day for 15 min.All groups were intervened for 14 days.The corneal fluorescein(FL)staining scores of mice in each group were detected be-fore modeling,after modeling,and after intervention.The corneal tissue morphology was observed under a light micro-scope.Immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)and receptor for advanced glyca-tion end products(RAGE)in the cornea,respectively.Results The FL scores of mice in model,sham electroacupunc-ture,western medicine,and electroacupuncture groups all significantly increased after modeling and intervention,com-pared with those before modeling(all P＜0.01).The FL scores of mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups significantly decreased after intervention,compared with those after modeling(both P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,electroacupuncture and western medicine groups showed a significant drop in FL score after intervention(both P＜0.01).HE staining showed that after intervention,mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups had a basically normal number of corneal epithelial layers,no obvious shedding of epithelial cells,and neatly arranged and slightly swollen collagen fibers in the stromal layer.The relative protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(allP＜0.01).The rela-tive protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture mitigates corneal epithelial injury,reduces the expression of HMGB1 in the cor-neal tissue,inhibits the binding of HMGB1 and RAGE,and ultimately alleviates ocular surface inflammation responses of dry eye mice.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which electroacupuncture improves ocular surface inflammation in dry eye mice.Methods 30 SPF-grade healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a sham electroacupuncture group,a western medicine group and an electroacupuncture group,with 6 mice in each group.Mice in the blank group and other four groups were subcutaneously injected 200 μL of sterile physiological saline and 200 μL of scopolamine hydrobromide(0.5 mg dissolved in 0.2 mL of sterile physiological saline)at 8:00,11:00,14:00,and 17:00 every day for 35 consecutive days,respectively.From the 22nd day,mice in the sham electroacupunc-ture group were given blunt scalp acupuncture intervention at bilateral Jingming and Taiyang points,without subcutaneous penetration.In the western medicine group,fluorometholone eye drops were applied to both eyes of the mice at 8:00,13:00,and 18:00 daily,with 1 drop each time.Mice in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture in-tervention,with the same acupoint location and acupuncture time as the sham electroacupuncture group.The electroacu-puncture frequency was 2 Hz/20 Hz,the waves were sparse-dense and the intensity was 1 mA,once a day for 15 min.All groups were intervened for 14 days.The corneal fluorescein(FL)staining scores of mice in each group were detected be-fore modeling,after modeling,and after intervention.The corneal tissue morphology was observed under a light micro-scope.Immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)and receptor for advanced glyca-tion end products(RAGE)in the cornea,respectively.Results The FL scores of mice in model,sham electroacupunc-ture,western medicine,and electroacupuncture groups all significantly increased after modeling and intervention,com-pared with those before modeling(all P＜0.01).The FL scores of mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups significantly decreased after intervention,compared with those after modeling(both P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,electroacupuncture and western medicine groups showed a significant drop in FL score after intervention(both P＜0.01).HE staining showed that after intervention,mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups had a basically normal number of corneal epithelial layers,no obvious shedding of epithelial cells,and neatly arranged and slightly swollen collagen fibers in the stromal layer.The relative protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(allP＜0.01).The rela-tive protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture mitigates corneal epithelial injury,reduces the expression of HMGB1 in the cor-neal tissue,inhibits the binding of HMGB1 and RAGE,and ultimately alleviates ocular surface inflammation responses of dry eye mice.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the intervention effect and potential mechanism of breviscapine on hepatic fibrosis （HF） in rats based on the transforming growth factor-β（1 TGF-β1）/Smad2/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1（ERK1） and Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1（Keap1）/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） pathways. METHODS Totally 60 rats were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， breviscapine low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （5.4， 10.8， 21.6 mg/kg）， and colchicine group （positive control， 0.45 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group， half male and half female. Except for the normal control group， HF model of the other groups was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Subsequently， each drug group was given corresponding medicine by gavage once a day for 28 days. The liver appearance of rats in each group was observed and their liver coefficients were calculated. The levels of alanineaminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）in serum， those of ALT， AST， superoxide dismutase （SOD），malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH- Px） in liver tissue were detected. The liver tissue inflammatory and fibrotic changes were observed. The protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1， Smad2， ERK1， Nrf2， Keap1 and HO-in liver tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group， the model group showed large areas of white nodular lesions in the liver， obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition. The body weight， the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue， the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly lowered in the model group （P＜0.05）； the liver coefficient， the percentage of Masson staining positive area， ALT and AST levels of serum and liver tissue， MDA level of liver tissue， the protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1， Smad2， ERK1 and Keap1 were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the liver lesions of rats in each drug group were improved， and the above quantitative indexes were generally reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Breviscapine has a good intervention effect on HF rats， which may be related to inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/ERK1 pathway for anti-fibrosis and regulating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.

Adventitia ; Atherosclerosis/genetics* ; Cell Communication ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia/genetics* ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

Objective: To study the characteristics and correlation of sex hormone levels, blood lipids, and visceral fat area in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Methods: A total of 258 cases of postmenopausal T2DM were recruited, including 46 cases of menopause for 1-5 years (group A), 49 cases of menopause for 6-10 years (group B), and 163 cases with menopause more than 10 years (C group). The related clinical information of patients was recorded. Results: Compared among the three groups, there were statistical differences in total cholesterol(F=3.287, P=0.039) and testosterone(Chi-Square=8.324, P=0.016). No significant difference in FSH, LH, estradiol, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area(P>0.05) among three groups was observed. After correction of confounding factors, FSH was independently positively related with for total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein respectively (P=0.006, P=0.009). LH was independently positively related with total cholesterol(P=0.003) and low-density lipoprotein respectively(P=0.003). Estradiol was independently negatively related with total cholesterol(P=0.014) and low-density lipoprotein(P=0.020), respectively. Testosterone was correlated independently with visceral fat area(P=0.008); FSH, LH, estradiol, and testosterone were not correlated to triglyceride and subcutaneous fat area(P>0.05). Conclusion (1)In T2DM patients with the increase of postmenopausal time, the total cholesterol increases first, and then decreases; testosterone decreases first, and then increases. (2)In T2DM patients, the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein increase with the increase of FSH and LH, increase with the decrease of estradiol, and the area of visceral fat increases with the testosterone together.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levosimendan applied in patients with chronic heart failure combined with acute ST -elevation myocardium after direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Using the random number table method,95 patients with heart failure combined with acute ST -elevation myocardium after direct PCI were randomly divided into two groups:the general treatment group and the levosimendan group.The levels of serum NT -proBNP,LVSD,LVEF before and after 24h,one week treatment were examined.After the experiment,clinical assessment was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of levosimendan.Results The resuits of NT -proBNP,LVEF and LVSD in the general group before treatment were (5 908.1 ±33.2)ng/L, (36.7 ±4.3)% and (6.1 ±0.6)cm,while those were (3 478.5 ±19.3)ng/L,(45.0 ±6.3)%,(5.9 ±0.3)cm, (3 375.2 ±32.1)ng/L,(48.3 ±5.4)% and (5.8 ±1.1)cm after 24h and 1 week treatment.The level of serum NT-proBNP decreased,while the LVEF increased in general treatment group after 24h treatment(t =3.86,4.11,P =0.021,0.015).The same results happened after 1 week treatment(compared with before treatment,t =4.13,5.06, P =0.016,0.013,compared with 24 hours after treatment,t =3.96,4.77,P =0.021,0.015).But the level of the LVSD had no differences before and after 24h,1 week treatment(P >0.05).The results of NT -proBNP,LVEF and LVSD in the levosimendan group before treatment were (3 340.5 ±19.2)ng/L,(43.3 ±3.9)%,(5.3 ±0.7)cm, (2 938.3 ±12.8)ng/L,(52.7 ±8.2)% and (4.6 ±0.2)cm after 24h and 1 week treatment.The levels of serum NT -proBNP,LVSD decreased,while the LVEF increased in the levosimendan group after 24h,1 week treatment(t =6.07,6.49,5.73,P =0.010,0.008,0.011.t =6.55,7.05,5.33,P =0.009,0.007,0.012).Compared with the general treatment group,the levels of serum NT -proBNP,LVEF showed no differences(all P >0.05),but the level of the LVSD decreased after 24h treatment(t =4.84,P =0.015)in the levosimendan group.The levels of serum NT -proBNP,LVSD decreased,while the LVEF increased in the levosimendan group after 1 week treatment compared with the general treatment group(t =6.60,7.01,5.40,P =0.007,0.007,0.011 ).After one week treatment,the effective and beneficial rates of the levosimendan group were 66.6% and 95.6%,while those were 59.6% and 89.5% in the general treatment group.The therapeutic effects of levosimendan group were more effective than the general treatment group after 1 week treatment(χ2 =9.72,15.63,P =0.015,0.008),but had no statistical differ-ences between the two groups after 24h treatment(P >0.05).There was no statistical differences between the two groups in the rate of adverse reactions.Conclusion Levosimendan has very favorable efficacy and safety for patients with chronic heart failure combined with acute ST -elevation myocardium infarction after direct PCI.

Objective To investigate the abnormal expression of proto-oncogene YES-associated protein (YAP) in gastric cancer tissues in the elderly and its correlation with poor prognosis.Methods Clinical data of 80 elderly patients with gastric cancer treated in our hospital from March 2011 to October 2014 were statistically analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of YAP was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma than in adjacent tissues [71.3％ (57/80) vs.13.8％ (11/80),P＜0.05].The positive expression of YAP were significantly associated gastric tumor size,tumor stage,invasion depth and lymph node metastasis (all P＜0.05),but had no correlation with tumor differentiation (P＞0.05).The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with YAP-positive expression than in patients with YAP-negative expression (P ＜ 0.05),but the differences in 1-year,3-year survival rates were not significant between the two groups (all P＞0.05)The YAP expression,tumor stage,lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer in patients (all P＜0.05).Conclusions YAP-positive expression rate is significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues in the elderly,which indicates poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Objective To study effect of parecoxib on sufentanil dosage and its analgesic effect in patients with laparoscopic radical resection of rectal carcinoma under combined anesthesia.Methods 120 cases patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and prepared to laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer were selected in Kailuan General Hospital, and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 60 cases in each group, experimental group induced anesthesia with 40mg parecoxib sodium intravenous injection, while the control group were treated with normal saline, the postoperative dosage of sufentanil, analgesia pump using frequency and other indicators were detected at 6,12,24 and 48 h, and analgesic effect were observed.Results Compared with control group, in experimental group, postoperative dosage of sufentanil was less ( P <0.05 ) , analgesia pump pressing times and effective pressing numbers were fewer (P<0.05), VAS pain score was lower (P<0.05) and Ramsay score was lower (P<0.05) at each time point.Conclusion Parecoxib could reduce the dosage of sufentanil after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, and enhance the analgesic effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of 3％ and 7.5％ hypertonic saline (HS) on hemorrhagic shock patients in Emergency Department.Methods From December 2008 to February 2012,patients older than 15 years with severe trauma and systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤70 mmHg or 70 to 90 mmHg with heart rate≥ 108 per minute were divided into three groups randomly (random number).Group A:patients treated with 3％ hypertonic saline (HS) 300 mL + lactated Ringer' s solutions (LRS).Group B:patients treated with 7.5％ HS 300 mL + LRS.Group C:patients treated with LRS.The mean arterial pressure (MAP),blood pressure (BP),heart rate (HR) were recorded before infusion and at 10,30,45,60 minutes successively after infusion.Incidence of complications and mortality rates were compared between groups.Results Atotal of 148 patients were enrolled in this study.Compared with LRS grouop,MAP was restored more promptly and maintained persistently in 3％ HS group and 7.5％ HS group,and the total volume of fluid infused was decreased to almost 50％ of LRS in the first 1 hour.No significant differences in MAP levels were observed between group A and B except 30 minutes after infusion.Single bolus of 7.5％ HS infusion resulted in increased of HR to mean 127 beats per minute at 10 minutesafter fluid resuscitation.Higher incidence of arrhythmia and transient hypotension occurred in 7.5％ HS group.There were no statistical differences of changes of electrolytic indices,mortality rates,incidences of ARDS and MODS among three groups.Conclusions Resuscitation with 3％ HS provide similar benefits and lower risk of complications compared with 7.5％ HS and LRS.This study demonstrates the practicability and safety of 3％ HS for fluid resuscitation of patients with hypovolemic shock.