Buffaloes ; Cells, Cultured ; In Vitro Techniques ; Primary Cell Culture ; Stem Cells ; Tretinoin

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics prevalence of respiratory adenovirus infections in children, and to provide reference for diagnosis, monitoring and timely treatment. Methods: A total of 775 clinical specimens were collected from Shanghai Children′s Medical Center during November 2016 to November 2017, and 84 cases of adenovirus infections were detected by FilmArray. Results: Among 775 samples, 84 samples(10.8%) were adenovirus positive.The epidemic peak of adenovirus infection was winter, spring and summer, especially in winter(20.8%), and the highest detection rate was in January(32.2%). The age ranged from 6 months to 2 years(47.7%). The common clinical manifestations are fever(91.7%), cough(96.4%), wheezing(48.8%), and shortness of breath(14.2%). A total of 15 cases(17.9%) had underlying diseases, the most of them were congenital heart diseases(9 cases, 10.7%). A total of 53 cases(63.1%) were mixed infection, and 21 cases(25.0%) were complicated with human rhinovirus/enterovirus.There were 5 cases of upper respiratory tract infection, 3 cases of bronchitis and 76 cases of pneumonia, including 55 cases of mild pneumonia and 21 cases of severe pneumonia.The average length of hospital stay was 8.3 days.The length of hospital stay, cases of wheezing and severe cases in the mixed infection group were significantly higher than those in the single infection group(P<0.05). Hospitalization days, wheezing symptoms, extrapulmonary symptoms, basic diseases and mixed infections in severe group were significantly higher than those in mild group(P<0.05). Conclusion Adenovirus infection occurs in children aged 6 months to 2 years, with a high incidence in winter, spring and summer.The peak month is January.The main clinical manifestations are high fever, cough and wheezing.Children with underlying diseases, wheezing symptoms, extrapulmonary symptoms and mixed infections are more likely to develop severe diseases.FilmArray detection system can quickly and accurately detect pathogens, provide a good basis for early diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of clinicians.

Objective: To establish a practical framework for critical ultrasonography to provide a basis for clinical practice. Methods: With reference to domestic and foreign literature, expert interviews and research groups developed a preliminary draft of the practice framework for critical ultrasonography, and conducted two rounds of consultation using the Delphi method. Results: A practical framework for critical ultrasonography was developed, including 5 primary indicators and 20 secondary indicators. In the two rounds of expert consultation, the expert′s positive coefficient was 100% and the authoritative coefficient was 0.836. Conclusions Expert opinion has good coordination and high authority, which can provide clinical basis for ICU nurses to carry out ultrasound examination.

AIM:To investigate the effects of cordycepin on the motor and cognition in Parkinson disease mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP at a dose of 30 mg/kg daily for consecutive 8 d to establish the model of Parkinson disease.HE staining was used to observe the cell number in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) from the mice.Western blot was used to detect the protein level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in substantia nigra (SN).The effects of cordycepin on the motor, emotional change and cognitive behavior of the Parkinson disease mice were examined by open-field test (OFT) , spontaneous alternating behavior (SAB) and water maze test (WMT) , respectively.RESULTS:Cordycepin significantly reduced the apoptosis of cells in SNpc and reversed the decrease in the expression of TH in SN induced by MPTP (P<0.05).Furthermore, cordycepin was able to improve the average speed in OFT (P<0.05) , and increased the total number of arm entry and the accuracy in SAB (P<0.05) , but had no obvious effect on the latency in WMT.CONCLU-SION:Cordycepin is capable of attenuating the impairments of motor and explorative ability in the early stage of Parkinson disease mice, but does not alter the cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To evaluate life quality of Graves orbitopathy (GO) patients using Graves orbitopathy quality-of-life questionnaire (GO-QOL) and explore the influence factors of the quality of life of GO patients.Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University including 145 newly diagnosed GO patients.All the patient answered the GO-QOL and underwent ophthalmic and endocrine assessments.The main outcome measures were the scores on GO-QOL 2 subscales:visual functioning and appearance.Based on the classification in the guideline of European Group on Graves Orbitopathy (EUGOGO),the patients were divided into two groups:mild and moderate to severe groups.Then the scales between these two groups were compared and influencing factors were analyzed.Finally,the floor and ceiling effects were assessed.Results The GO-QOL scores for the subscales of visual functioning and appearance were 70.91±27.83 and 61.29±26.37 respectively in 145 GO patients.Visual functioning and appearance were lower in moderate to severe group (62.71 ±28.77 and 57.52 ± 26.49,respectively) than in mild group (85.58 ± 18.77 and 68.02 ±24.99,respectively).The GO-QOL scores for the visual functioning subscale were significantly correlated with age (P =0.002),clinical active score (P =0.011) and the degree of diplopia (P =0.00,R2=0.373).The GO-QOL scores for the appearance were significantly correlated with sex (P =0.05) and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (P =0.001,R2 =0.231).No significant ceiling or floor effects were observed for either subscale of the GO-QOL.Conclusions With the aggravation of the disease,the quality of life of GO patients is getting worse and worse.The main influencing factors of the quality of life of GO patients include age,gender,diplopia,clinical active score and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels.Close attention needs to be paid to the quality of life of GO patients.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety between whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and WBRT combined with temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases.Methods According to the retrieval strategy,the Chinese and English literatures before February 2018 were retrieved from EMbase,Cochrane,PubMed,Wanfang database,Chongqing VIP and CNKI,The target literatures were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,The quality of the included studies and extracted data was independently assessed by 3 researchers,The RevMan 5,3 and STATA 12,0 software was used for statistical analysis,The objective remission rate (ORR),the total survival period (OS),the progression-free survival (PFS),and the side effects of chemotherapy were evaluated.Results In total,17 trials consisting of 1128 patients were included,The results of Meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with the WBRT group,the ORR was significantly higher (OR=2.54;95％CI:1.93-3.36;P＜0.001),the PFS was significantly longer (MS R=1.329;95％CI:1.143-1.545;P＜0,001),and the incidence of hematological toxicity (OR=3.44;95％CI:1.63-7.26;P＜ 0.05) and the gastric intestinal reaction (OR=1.69;95％CI:1.24-2.31;P＜0.05) was significantly higher in the WBRT+TMZ group,The heterogeneities were within the acceptable range with statistical significance,The results of OS were invalid due to relatively large heterogeneity,The incidence of headache did not significantly differ between two groups (OR=1.05;95％CI:0.72-1.55;P=0,79).Conclusions Compared with WBRT alone,WBRT combined with TMZ is beneficial to improve the short-term efficacy,whereas the incidence of hematological toxicity and gastrointestinal reaction is higher,The occurrence of headache does not significantly differ between two groups,The benefit of long-term survival remains uncertain.

Objective To investigate the inhibition effect of liraglutide (lira) on high glucose-induced adhesion of endothelial cells to monocyte.Methods Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by high glucose (20 mmol/L) were incubated with different concentrations of liraglutide (0,0.3,3,30 nmol/L) for different time.THP-1 cells were pre-labeled with Calcein-AM and then incubated with HUVECs for 1 h,M199 medium were used for washing the nonadherent cells for 3 times,and the adhesion of HUVECs to THP-1 cells were measured by Fluorence microplate reader;real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),respectively.Western blot was used to measure the content of IκBα,p-IκBα and the distribution of p65 in plasma and nuclear.GST-IκBα was introduced as substrate to test the activity of IκB-kinase (IKK).Results The adhesion of HUVECs to THP-1 (P ＜ 0.01),the mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01),the phosphorylation of κBα (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01),the translocation of p65 subunit from plasma to nuclear and the activity of IKK (P ＜ 0.01) in HUVECs were all elevated by stimulation with 20 mmol/L glucose,and the content of IκBα was decreased accordingly (P ＜0.01).Pre-incubation with lira could reverse the above effect of high concentration of glucose.Conclusions Lira could reduce VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression through IKK/NF-κB pathways in 20 mmol/L glucose-induced HUVECs,which finally suppress THP-1-HUVECs adhesion.

Recombinant bacterial vector vaccines have been widely used as carriers for the delivery of protective antigens and nucleic acid vaccines to prevent certain infectious diseases because of their ability to induce mucosal immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immunity. However, protective antigens and nucleic acids recombined into bacterial vector vaccines are difficult to be released into host cells because of the presence of bacterial cell wall. Vaccine strains that are residual in animals or livestock products may also cause environmental contamination and spread of the vaccine strains. The effective solution for these problems is to construct an auto-lysis system that can regulate the vaccine strains to grow normally in vitro while lysis in vivo. The lysis systems that have been applied in germs mainly include: the lysis system based on regulated delayed peptidoglycan synthesis, the lysis system based on the regulation of bacteriophage lysis protein and the lysis system based on the toxin-antitoxin system. In addition, a potential lysis system based on bacterial Type Ⅵ Secretion System (T6SS) is also expected to be a new method for the construction of auto-lysis strains. This review will focus on the regulatory mechanisms of these bacterial lysis systems.
Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial ; Bacterial Vaccines ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Vaccines, DNA

Cancer is one of the most important diseases threatening human health. Frequently-used traditional cancer treatment methods, like radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, have serious toxic side effects and limitations. The widely-used drug delivery carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles, etc.) have also possessed many issues such as drug leakage and incomplete loading in the late clinical stage. Currently, using tumor-targeting vectors to deliver anti-tumor drugs or small molecules is one of the promising strategies for mediating safe and effective tumor therapy. In recent years, bacterial-derived non-replicating minicells, which are nanoscale non-nucleated cells produced during abnormal bacterial division, have got more and more attention. With a diameter of 200-400 nm, minicells have a large drug loading capacity. Meanwhile, the surface of minicells are able to be modified to load the assembly of antibodies/ligands that bind to tumor cell surface specific antigens or receptors, which can significantly improve tumor targeting of minicells. This tumor-targeting nanomaterials of minicells not only are used to deliver anti-tumor chemotherapeutic drugs, functional nucleic acids or plasmids encoding functional small molecules to mammalian cells, but also greatly increase drug loading and reduce drug penetration. Thus, the use of minicells combining with chemical therapy could help reduce the toxicity and maximize the effectiveness of the drug in the body. This paper summarizes the research and development of production purification, drug loading, tumor cells targeting, and internalization process of minicells, as well as its use in the delivery of anti-tumor drugs, to provide some information for the development and utilization of minicell carriers.
Animals ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; Neoplasms ; Plasmids

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence, clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 2(IDH2) mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML). METHODS: The bone marrow samples of 223 patients with newly diagnosed AML confirmed by MICM typing from January 2015 to October 2018 were collected. The mutation of exon 4 of IDH2 gene was detected by direct sequancing of PCR product; the incidence and types of IDH2 gene mutation in AML patients were analyzed; the clinical characteristics of AML patients with IDH2 gene mutation were analyzed and the therapeutic efficacy for these patients was evaluated. RESULTS: In a cohort of 223 AML patients, mutations were detected in 23(10.31％) patients, among them, 15 with R140Q mutations(65.22%) , 6 with R172K mutations(26.09%) and 2 with R140W mutations(8.70%). The median age in IDH2 mutated group was older than that in non.mutated group(P=0.008). The platelet level at initial diagnosis in IDH2 mutated group was higher than that in non.mutated group(P=0.010). There was no significant statistical difference between IDH2 mutated group and non.mutated group in FAB subtypes of AML(P>0.05). But the rate of IDH2 mutation in M4 and M5 was higher. The rate of IDH2 mutations was higher in AML with normal karyotype and in AML with NPM1 mutations. R140Q mutations associated with NPM1 mutations(χ=8.481，P=0.004), but R172K mutations not associated with NPM1 mutation(P>0.05). IDH2 mutated patients had a lower complete remission rate than non.mutated patients(57.14% vs 80.46%, χ=5.927，P=0.015). The complete remission rate of R140Q mutated patients was not significantly statistically different from non.mutated patients. The complete remission rate of R172K mutated patients was very significantly lower than non.mutated patients(χ=7.734，P=0.005). In the patients without NPM1 mutation, the 2 years overall survival in IDH2 mutated group was lower than in non.mutated group(36.36% vs 66.40%,χ=3.958，P=0.047), the 2 years overall survival of R172K mutated group was significantly lower than non.mutated group(although P>0.05). In all patients, the 2 years overall survival between IDH2 mutated group and non.mutated group was not statistically different(50% vs 66.88%,P>0.05), the 2 years overall survival of R172K mutated group was significantly lower than non.mutated group(although P>0.05). In the patients with normal karyotype or with mutated NPM1, the 2 years overall survival between IDH2 mutated group and non.mutated group was not statistically different(P>0.05). CONCLUSION IDH2 gene mutations are more common in AML patients at older age, higher platelets level and normal karyotype. The rate of IDH2 mutation in M4 and M5 is higher. IDH2 gene mutations associate with NPMl gene mutations, but R172K mutations not associates with NPM1mutation. IDH2 gene mutations associate with prognosis of AML patients, R140Q mutations have no effect on prognosis of patients, but R172K mutations may be the molecular markers for poor prognosis in AML patients.
Genotype ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Mutation ; Prognosis