The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with 15 national ministries and commissions, has formulated the Implementation Plan on Establishing a Carbon Footprint Management System, and it is urgent for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out research on carbon footprint accounting methods of related products. Based on the life cycle assessment(LCA) theory, taking mulberry leaf extract produced by a certain enterprise as an example, this study analyzed the carbon footprint of TCM extracts during the life cycle. The results show that for every 1 kg of product produced, the carbon emissions from the stages of raw material acquisition, transportation, and extract production are-20.569, 1.205, and 173.577 kgCO_2eq(CO_2 equivalent), respectively. The carbon footprint of the product is 154.213 kgCO_2eq·kg~(-1). In addition, the carbon emission is the highest in the production stage, in which the consumption of ethanol solvents makes the greatest contribution to the carbon footprint, accounting for 25.71%, more than one-fourth of the total carbon footprint. The second contribution was from the treatment process of TCM residues, accounting for 19.67%, closely followed by wastewater treatment(17.71%), the consumption of hot steam(17.43%), and drinking water(16.90%). The consumption of electric power and packaging materials has a smaller carbon emission of 2.58%. In particular, the carbon emission caused by the consumption of packaging materials is only 0.04%, which is negligible. The results of the study are expected to provide a reference for TCM enterprises to carry out research on the carbon footprint of products, offer ideas for collaborative innovation in reducing pollution and carbon emissions throughout the entire industry chain of TCM, and develop new quality productivity of modern TCM industry based on green and low-carbon manufacturing.
Morus/chemistry* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Carbon Footprint ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/analysis* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UPM, aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 µm) is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Previous studies have found that Shenlian (SL) extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties and has a promising protective effect at all stages of the atherosclerotic disease process. In this study, we aimed to investigated whether SL improves UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis. METHODS: We established a mouse model of MI+UPM. Echocardiographic measurement, measurement of myocardialinfarct size, biochemical analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histopathological analysis, Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL), Western blotting (WB), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and so on were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of SL in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: SL treatment can attenuate UPM-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and decreasing cardiac infarction area. SL significantly reduced the levels of myocardial enzymes and attenuated UPM-induced morphological alterations. Moreover, SL significantly reduced expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. UPM further increased the infiltration of macrophages in myocardial tissue, whereas SL intervention reversed this phenomenon. UPM also triggered myocardial apoptosis, which was markedly attenuated by SL treatment. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that SL prevented cell damage caused by exposure to UPM combined with hypoxia by reducing the expression of the inflammatory factor NF-κB and inhibiting apoptosis in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION Overall, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SL attenuated UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis. The mechanisms were related to the downregulation of macrophages infiltrating heart tissues.
Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Mice ; Male ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myocardial Ischemia/drug therapy* ; Cell Line

OBJECTIVE: Recombination events are common and serve as the primary driving force of diverse human adenovirus (HAdV), particularly in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs). Therefore, continual monitoring of these events is essential for effective viral surveillance and control. METHODS: Respiratory specimens were collected from children with ARIs between January 2022 and December 2023. The penton base, hexon, and fiber genes were amplified from HAdV-positive specimens and sequenced to determine the virus type. In cases with inconsistent typing results, genes were cloned into the pGEM-T vector to detect recombination events. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed to characterize the recombinant HAdV genomes. RESULTS: Among 6,771 specimens, 277 (4.09%, 277/6,771) were positvie for HAdV, of which 157 (56.68%, 157/277) were successfully typed, with HAdV-B3 being the dominant type (91.08%, 143/157), and 14 (5.05%, 14/277) exhibited inconsistent typing results, six of which belonged to species B. The penton base genes of these six specimens were classified as HAdV-B7, whereas their hexon and fiber genes were classified as HAdV-B3, resulting in a recombinant genotype designated P7H3F3, which closely resembled HAdV-B114. Additionally, a partial gene encoding L1 52/55 kD was identified, which originated from HAdV-B16. CONCLUSION A novel recombinant, P7H3F3, was identified, containing sequences derived from HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7, which is similar to HAdV-B114, along with additional sequences from HAdV-B16.
Humans ; Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification* ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology* ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Recombination, Genetic ; Male ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Infant ; Female ; Phylogeny ; Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology* ; Acute Disease ; Genome, Viral

Objective To investigate the impact of sleep modes on the risk for diseases of the body systems.Methods Based on a subset of UK Biobank dataset comprising 87 617 participants,3 sleep dimensions including 6 sleep indicators were obtained through a wrist-worn accelerometer,that is sleep duration and onset,sleep rhythm(relative amplitude and stability),and sleep quality(sleep efficiency and number of awakenings).Latent profile analysis(LPA)was applied to identify and classify distinct sleep modes.Then their longitudinal medical records were the association between different sleep modes and the risk for 467 diseases.Results LPA identified 5 subgroups of unique sleep modes in the participants.Among the 5 subgroups,the subgroup 4 had relatively optimal levels in above sleep indicators.Compared to the subgroup 4,the other 4 subgroups exhibited variations in different sleep dimensions,with at least one indicator demonstrating an unfavorable trend.These subgroups also revealed differences in racial composition,shift work and social deprivation index.Moreover,there were notable differences in the risk of various system diseases among the subgroups(P<0.05).When compared to the subgroup 4,the other 4 subgroups exhibited an elevated risk for certain diseases(comprising a total of 126 diseases),with the diseases of the circulatory system,digestive system and musculoskeletal system most common.Among the 5 subgroups,the subgroup 2(shorter sleep duration and later sleep onset)and the subgroup 5(rhythm disorder)had the highest counts of associated risks,amounting to 85 and 91 types,respectively,but there was certain difference in their systematic composition.Conclusion There are different sleep modes within the participants,and the modes are potentially associated with an increased risk for diseases of body systems.Comprehensive interventions targeting overall sleep modes rather than single sleep indicator may yield obvious health benefits.

The activation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway is an important mechanism for cells to resist oxidative stress.Under oxidative stress,Keap1 is affected by post-translational modification(PTM)such as glutathione,alky-lation and S-sulfhydrylation,which weakens its binding to Nrf2,leading to Nrf2 accumulation,nuclear translocation and the expression and transcription of downstream detoxification and antioxidant defense proteins.The PTM of Keap1 is involved in the regulation of a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer,Parkin-son's disease and atherosclerosis.For example,alkylation inhibits abdominal aortic aneurysm formation,methylation promotes innate resistance of breast cancer,and S-sulfhydrylation improves atherosclerosis,which pro-vides a theoretical basis for finding new drug targets and biomarkers.

Objective To study the sedative and hypnotic effects of Yening Capsules and investigate its bioactive mechanism in mice.Methods The mice were randomly divided into control group,estazolam group(0.8 mg/kg),low,medium and high-dose Yening Capsules groups(400,600 and 800 mg/kg).The locomotor activity,latency to persistent sleep,sleep duration and sleep rate were determined respectively in mice via the open field test and injection of pentobarbital sodium in subthreshold and suprathreshold doses.The content of GABA,5-HT,DA and NE in brain tissue of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared with the control group,Yening Capsules medium and high dose group(P<0.05,P<0.01)significantly decreased the locomotor activity of mice.The sleep latency in Yening Capsules medium and high dose group were significantly shorten(P<0.05,P<0.05)and the sleep duration(P<0.05,P<0.01)were extended.The sleep rate of Yening Capsules medium and high dose groups(P<0.05,P<0.01)was significantly increased.Compared with the control group,high dose of Yening Capsules can significantly increase GABA(P<0.05),5-HT(P<0.05),DA(P<0.05),NE(P<0.01)in mouse brain tissue.Conclusion Yening Capsules had obvious sedative and hypnotic effects,and its mechanism may be related to the increasement of GABA,5-HT,DA and NE level in brain tissue of mice.

Objective:Based on the cost-effectiveness,it aimed to assess the health benefits amd economic value of screening,di-agnosis,treatment,and optimal delicacy management of liver disease in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients.Methods:A Deci-sion tree-Markov model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of HCC screening and long-term surveillance versus no screening in population at risk from the health care system perspective.Results:It is found that HCC screening was a cost-effective approach compared to no screening(Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio[ICER]:17 790 yuan/QALY).Scenario analyses suggested that initiating HCC screening at the age of 40,as recommended by clinical guidelines,and implementing long-term surveillance based on risk stratification were more cost-effective.Conclusions:For the implementation of HCC screening programs,attention should be paid to improving participation and compliance among the population at risk,incorporating advanced screening methods,improving management efficiency with digital tools,and introducing innovative payment methods to reduce economic burden.

It is generally accepted that Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are primarily found in the genitourinary tract and rarely enter the tissues and bloodstream. In recent years，cases of extra-genitourinary system infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum have been increasing with a trend of multi-drug resistance，while detection and diagnosis are difficult，leading to treatment delay clinically. This article reviews the latest research progress on the pathogenic characteristics，laboratory diagnosis，infection types，and treatment options of extra-genitourinary system infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum，in order to provide reference for etiological diagnosis and treatment of the infection.