OBJECTIVE To form an expert consensus addressing clinical issues regarding the use of parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors （DTIs） in special populations. METHODS Led by the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital（the Affiliated Hospital of UESTC）， a multidisciplinary working group was formed comprising experts from multiple fields， including clinical pharmacy， cardiac surgery， obstetrics， pediatrics and evidence-based medicine. Through literature review and the Delphi method， clinical questions regarding the efficacy and safety of parenteral DTIs used in special populations were identified. A structured design was adopted using the “Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome” （PICO） framework；systematic searches were conducted in CJFD， PubMed， Embase and other databases. Relevant evidence from randomized controlled trials，cohort studies and systematic reviews were included and synthesized. Evidence quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment，Development and Evaluation （GRADE） approach， and recommendations were formulated through three rounds of Delphi surveys and expert consensus meetings. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS Seven clinical questions were ultimately selected （with a consensus rate exceeding 90%）， resulting in the formulation of seven recommendations on the use of parenteral DTIs in special populations， including children， pregnant women， patients with hepatic or renal impairment， patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis， and individuals with thrombophilia. These recommendations clarify the preferred agents， dosing ranges， monitoring parameters， and safety management strategies for parenteral DTIs in these special populations. This expert consensus， which is formulated based on the best available evidence， provides evidence-based guidance for standardized and individualized use of parenteral DTIs in special populations.

The national famous TCM doctor, Professor LUO Quan considers that the key pathogeny of chronic heart failure (CHF) is deficiency of yang qi, blood blocking and liquid stagnation, and should be treated with the method of tonifying qi and warming yang, activating blood and expelling stasis and inducing diuresis to alleviate edema. Qiangxin Prescription was created based on the above treatments, with obvious efficacy. This article conducted a preliminary analysis on the essence of medication of Qiangxin Prescription, took some example of Professor LUO Quan's experiences in using this prescription, with a purpose to be helpful to the treatment of syndrome differentiation and treatment of CHF.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Herba Houttuyniae Injection in treating senile pneumonia and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Sixty-five patients were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated with conventional western therapy (CWT), while the treatment group was treated with CWT plus Herba Houttuyniae Injection. The changes of serum cytokines, IL-2 and TNF-?, before and after treatment were observed. Results the total effective rate of treatment group is 94.3%, while that of the control group is 83.3%. The difference of the total effective rate between the two groups was significant(P