Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients with fatty pancreas (FP).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 116 patients with PC who underwent surgery at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2013 to January 2022 were collected. There were 85 males and 31 females, aged 60(54,65)years. Observation indicators: (1) clinicopathological characteristics of PC patients with FP; (2) influencing factors for FP in PC patients; (3) prognosis of PC patients with FP. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the Pearson chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regression model. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curve and calculate survival rate, and Cox proportional hazard model was used for survival analysis.Results:(1) Clinicopathological characteristics of PC patients with FP. Of the 116 PC patients, there were 43 cases with FP and 73 cases without FP. Cases with tumor location at pancreatic head were 36 in PC patients with FP and 46 in PC patients without FP. Cases with tumor location at pancreatic body or tail were 7 in PC patients with FP and 27 in PC patients without FP. Cases with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1.04 mmol/L were 14 in PC patients with FP and 34 in PC patients without FP. Cases with dyslipidemia were 33 in PC patients with FP and 36 in PC patients without FP. There were significant differences in tumor location, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma lipid between PC patients with and without FP ( χ2=5.600, 4.588, 5.165, P<0.05). (2) Influencing factors for FP in PC patients. Results of multivariate analysis showed that no correlation was found between tumor location, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma lipid and FP in PC patients ( P>0.05). (3) Prognosis of PC patients with FP. Eighty of the 116 PC patients were followed up for 30.8(15.1,57.5)months, with the median overall survival time of 24.0 months. Among them, 54 patients with FP had a median overall survival time of 19.5 months, 26 patients without FP had a median overall survival time of 24.6 months, showing no significant difference in survival between them ( hazard ratio=1.031, P>0.05). Conclusions:There are differ-ences in tumor location, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma lipid between PC patients with and without FP, but no correlation is found between the above indicators and FP in PC patients. There is no significant difference in prognosis between patients with and without FP.

Aim To study the therapeutic effect of al-licin on senna-induced diarrhea in mice and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods Forty-eight C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups:control,model,loperamide positive control group(2 mg·kg-1),allicin low-dose group(6 mg·kg-1),allicin medium-dose group(12 mg·kg-1)and allicin high-dose group(18 mg·kg-1).Except for the con-trol group,the diarrhea model was induced in the other groups by intragastric administration of senna leaf ex-tract.After drug administration,several diarrhea indi-ces were measured:the rate of loose stools,diarrhea index,accumulated frequency of loose stools at differ-ent time points within 5 hours,and small intestine pro-pelling rate.Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were de-tected by ELISA.Serum NO content was determined u-sing the Griess method.The activities of SOD and CAT,as well as MDA content in the ileum and colon,were measured.The pathological changes and the ex-pression of mRNA related to intestinal barrier proteins in the ileum and colon were evaluated using HE stai-ning and RT-qPCR.Results Allicin improved diar-rhea symptoms in mice induced by senna leaf.It re-duced the rate of loose stools,diarrhea index,cumula-tive number of loose stools in five hours,and the intes-tinal propulsion rate.Allicin also protected the intesti-nal mucosa,decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels,and lowered MDA content in the intestines.It in-creased serum NO levels and enhanced SOD and CAT activities in the intestines.Additionally,allicin upreg-ulated the mRNA expression of AQP1,AQP4,and ZO-1 in intestinal tissues.Conclusions Allicin has a significant therapeutic effect on senna-induced diarrhea in mice.The underlying molecular mechanisms may involve anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,in-creased NO content,and upregulation of mRNA ex-pression of aquaporins and tight-junction proteins.

Objective:To evaluate the anti-reflux effect of digestive tract reconstruction using esophageal-tubular gastric asymmetric anastomosis after radical resection of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer.Methods:The main steps were as follows:(1)oblique incision of the lower esophagus;(2)curved incision of the tubular anterior gastric wall;(3)the lower end of the esophagus was anastomosed to the tubular gastric incision with a 90-degree torsion; (4)The anterior wall of the anastomosis was reinforced with a transverse-inverted suture,the posterior wall with a folded suture,and the corners of the gastric stump were buried with sutures.The anastomosis operation time,postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were recorded;the reconstructed structure and anti-reflux effect of the anastomosis were observed by digestive tract radiography,gastroscopy and follow-up investigation.Results:The Department of Gastrointestinal and Thoracic Surgery of Huaian First People's Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, treated 5 patients of esophagogastric junction cancer and 20 esophageal cancer cases between August 2022 and November 2024, including 19 men and 6 women, with a mean age of (66.7±7.4) years. The mean anastomosis time was (35.4±5.9) minutes, the intraoperative blood loss was (117.6±33.4) ml and the mean postoperative hospital stay was(16.6±5.2) days, with no complications such as anastomotic leakage and bleeding. Postoperative digestive tract radiography (Trendelenburg position)showed that all the patients had no contrast reflux,gastroscopy showed no signs of reflux esophagitis and bile reflux gastritis, the anastomosis showed an inverted whiskers valve-like structure. The median follow-up time was (16.8±6.3) months, and all patients had no reflux symptoms such as acid reflux and belching,and no acid suppressive medication was needed.Conclusion:The esophageal-tubular gastric asymmetric anastomosis is a safe and effective antireflux reconstruction technique.

With the increase of patients with end-stage renal disease and the increasing complexity of dialysis machines,the traditional fixed cycle empirical preventive maintenance model has revealed its disadvantages,such as wasted resources and frequent failures.This paper focuses on the optimization of the dialysis machine's proactive maintenance plan based on risk as-sessment,analyzing its cutting-edge working principles,and involving advanced technologies such as semi-permeable membranes and intelligent magnetic levitation drives.It also explores composite failures,such as nanoscale biological contamination,and provides solutions.It innovatively proposes to build a multi-dimensional integrated risk assessment system,collect heterogeneous data from multiple sources,establish a risk factor library,and develop a dynamic adaptive risk model.Based on this,a proactive maintenance strategy is designed to break the fixed cycle and use an intelligent platform to flexibly schedule maintenance accord-ing to the risk level.By integrating pre-diagnosis and self-healing technologies,it can predict and automatically repair minor fail-ures in advance using microsensors.This promotes the intelligence of the dialysis machine-related industry,but future efforts are still needed to cultivate cutting-edge technologies to protect kidney health.

Purpose To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of gastric amphicrine carcinoma(AC).Methods Clinical data of 12 patients with gastric AC were collected,and their clinical pathological character-istics and histological morphology were observed.Immunohistochemical staining,special staining,and electron micros-copy techniques were used to analyze their immune phenotype and ultrastructure.Molecular pathology was used to de-tect microsatellite status.Relevant literature was reviewed.Results Ten cases of gastric AC were located at the junc-tion of the esophagus and stomach/cardia,1 case at the gastric angle,and 1 case in the gastric antrum.The average maximum diameter of tumors was 4.25 cm.There were different proportions of tumor cells with signet-ring like charac-teristics in all cases.Four cases had neuroendocrine carcinoma components,and another 4 had adenocarcinoma.Elev-en cases had nerve invasion and vascular cancer thrombus.Eleven cases invaded the serosal layer/submucosal layer,and 1 case invaded the submucosal layer.Ten cases had lymph node metastasis.All 12 cases showed diffuse expression of CKpan and Syn,with 3 cases showed diffuse expression of CgA and 7 cases showed diffuse expression of CD56.The average proliferation index of Ki67 was 78.9％.Special staining showed clear intracellular mucus.Electron microscopy examination revealed electron dense particles and mucus particles within the tumor cells.A total of 10 patients were fol-lowed up,of which 7 survived,and 3 patients died from multiple systemic metastases at 0,24,and 30 months postop-eratively.Conclusion Gastric AC was more common in the junction of the esophagus and stomach/cardia,and histol-ogy shows a higher invasiveness.Their clear diagnosis depends on histological morphology,immunohistochemistry,and special staining.

To prepare monoclonal antibody to the N protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified N protein of the PRRSV-2 strain expressed by prokaryotic expression system.Mouse splenocytes were fused with myeloma cells using hybridoma technique,hybridoma cells were identified by indirect ELISA method and indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and positive hybridoma cells were screened for subclones using the limited dilution method.The results showed that a monoclonal antibody cell line 4A7 was successfully obtained,and the results of Western blot and IFA indicated that the monoclonal antibody could accurately recognize the N proteins of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV.Mean-while,the N protein gene was truncated and expressed by prokaryotic expression system,and the amino acid sequence of the B-cell antigenic epitope recognized by 4A7 was screened as 51EKPHF55 using Western blot.Comparison of epitope amino acids in the N protein gene sequences of different strains revealed that the antigenic epitope 51EKPHF55 recognized by the monoclonal antibody 4A7 has no amino acid difference in the sequences of three subtypes among the PRRSV-1 strains and nine lineages among the PRRSV-2 strains,indicating a high degree of conservation.The results of the study provide a foundation the development of PRRSV diagnostic kits and novel vaccines.

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has a certain effect on spinal cord injury,but there are still some problems such as low survival rate and poor efficiency of cell transplantation caused by local oxidative stress environment.OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effect of mangiferin on oxidative stress of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at passage 3 were added to mangiferin and incubated for 2 hours according to the gradient of concentration (0,20,40,80,and 160 μmol/L).A serum-free medium containing 400 μmol/L H2O2 was added,and a gradient concentration of mangiferin was added again and cultured for 12 and 24 hours.Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured as normal control group.Cell survival was detected by MTT assay in each group.The superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde,and catalase in the culture medium were detected in accordance with the instruction of the kit.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with normal control group,cell viability in the H2O2 group was significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly decreased (P<0.01),while the level of malondialdehyde was significantly increased (P<0.01).Compared with H2O2 group,the survival rate of cells was significantly increased (P<0.01),and the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased (P<0.01),while the level of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the mangiferin group.Mangiferin showed concentration-dependent antioxidant stress protective activity above 20 μmol/L,and no cytotoxicity below 160 μmol/L.These findings indicate that antioxidant mangiferin can increase the antioxidant activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and provide a new preconditioning strategy for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.

Objective To compare the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides,cyclophosphamide,and cisplatin on the establishment of a mouse model of diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).Methods Mice were randomly divided into the following treatment groups:control(Ctrl),Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides(TWP),cyclophosphamide(CTX),and cisplatin(DDP).Mice in the TWP group received a 50 mg/kg suspension of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides by gavage for 14 days,mice in the CTX group received a 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide suspension by intraperitoneal injection for 14 days,and mice in the DDP group received a 1.5 mg/kg cisplatin solution by intraperitoneal injection for 14 days.The body weight,uterine index,and ovarian index were recorded,the estrous cycle was monitored using the vaginal smear method,and the levels of anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),and luteinizing hormone(LH)were detected using ELISA.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect ovarian follicle development.The rates of oocyte maturation and fertility were analyzed.Results The three treatment groups of mice all showed the following:significantly decreased body weight and ovarian index(P＜0.05);apparent disorder of the estrous cycle;significantly decreased levels of AMH and E2(P＜0.05);decreased and increased rates of developing follicles and atretic follicles,respectively(P＜0.05);and significantly decreased rates of oocyte maturation,pregnancy,and live birth(P＜0.05).Conclusions DOR mouse models were successfully constructed using Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides,cyclophosphamide,or cisplatin,as evidenced by decreased body weight and ovarian index,disordered estrous cycle and hormones,and DOR function,resulting in reduced rates of oocyte maturation,pregnancy,and total number of live births.These DOR effects were most appropriate in the cyclophosphamide group.

Objective:To evaluate the anti-reflux effect of digestive tract reconstruction using esophageal-tubular gastric asymmetric anastomosis after radical resection of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer.Methods:The main steps were as follows:(1)oblique incision of the lower esophagus;(2)curved incision of the tubular anterior gastric wall;(3)the lower end of the esophagus was anastomosed to the tubular gastric incision with a 90-degree torsion; (4)The anterior wall of the anastomosis was reinforced with a transverse-inverted suture,the posterior wall with a folded suture,and the corners of the gastric stump were buried with sutures.The anastomosis operation time,postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were recorded;the reconstructed structure and anti-reflux effect of the anastomosis were observed by digestive tract radiography,gastroscopy and follow-up investigation.Results:The Department of Gastrointestinal and Thoracic Surgery of Huaian First People's Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, treated 5 patients of esophagogastric junction cancer and 20 esophageal cancer cases between August 2022 and November 2024, including 19 men and 6 women, with a mean age of (66.7±7.4) years. The mean anastomosis time was (35.4±5.9) minutes, the intraoperative blood loss was (117.6±33.4) ml and the mean postoperative hospital stay was(16.6±5.2) days, with no complications such as anastomotic leakage and bleeding. Postoperative digestive tract radiography (Trendelenburg position)showed that all the patients had no contrast reflux,gastroscopy showed no signs of reflux esophagitis and bile reflux gastritis, the anastomosis showed an inverted whiskers valve-like structure. The median follow-up time was (16.8±6.3) months, and all patients had no reflux symptoms such as acid reflux and belching,and no acid suppressive medication was needed.Conclusion:The esophageal-tubular gastric asymmetric anastomosis is a safe and effective antireflux reconstruction technique.

Mitochondrial autophagy is a unique mechanism that selectively clears dysfunctional or excess mitochondria,closely related to Alzheimer's disease(AD),which is characterized by aggregated neurotoxic proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria.Numerous recent studies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine can have significant therapeutic effects against AD,and its advantages including multi-target,multi-pathway,and multi-action mechanisms have become an important component of AD research.Chinese medicine formulas and monomeric active ingredients,such as Jiannaoyizhi Fang,Danggui Shaoyao Tang,alkaloids,and flavonoids,can regulate mitochondrial autophagy-related signaling pathways and targets,inhibit neuronal mitochondrial autophagy defects,and play a neuroprotective role.This review elaborates on the basic process of mitochondrial autophagy and its related signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AD,and considers the latest research progress on the use of traditional Chinese medicine to improve AD by regulating mitochondrial autophagy,to provide ideas and references for future basic research and clinical treatment.