Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on the proliferation,invasion and cell cycle of gallbladder cancer cells by regulating the C-C chemokine ligand 2(CCL2)-C-C chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)pathway.Methods GBC-SD cells were devided into the control group,the low concentration dexmedetomidine group(2 μmol/L),the high concentration dexmedetomidine group(4 μmol/L)and the high concentration dexmedetomidine+CCL2 group(4 μmol/L dexmedetomidine and 10 μg/L CCL2 protein).The clone formation experiment and Edu experiment were performed to measure cell proliferation.Transwell experiment was performed to measure cell invasion and migration.Flow cytometry was performed to measure cell cycle and apoptosis.Western blot assay was used to measure the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease-3(Caspase-3),CCL2 and CCR2 proteins.The nude mouse transplant tumor experiment was used to determine the growth of gallbladder cancer transplant tumors.Results After treatment with low and high concentrations of dexmedetomidine,the number of cell clone formed,the positive rate of Edu,the numbers of invasions and migrations,the expression levels of PCNA,CyclinD1,MMP-2,MMP-9,CCL2 and CCR2 proteins,the proportions of G2/M and S phase cells decreased,the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells,apoptosis rate and expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins increased,and the effect of high-concentration dexmedetomidine was more significant(P＜0.05).The inhibitory effects of dexmedetomidine on the proliferation,invasion,migration and cell cycle of gallbladder cancer cells,as well as its promoting effect on cell apoptosis could be reversed by CCL2 protein(P＜0.05).In vivo experiments showed that dexmedetomidine could reduce tumor mass,tumor volume of nude mice and expression levels of CCL2 and CCR2 proteins(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells,and blocks the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase by suppressing the CCL2-CCR2 pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on the proliferation,invasion and cell cycle of gallbladder cancer cells by regulating the C-C chemokine ligand 2(CCL2)-C-C chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)pathway.Methods GBC-SD cells were devided into the control group,the low concentration dexmedetomidine group(2 μmol/L),the high concentration dexmedetomidine group(4 μmol/L)and the high concentration dexmedetomidine+CCL2 group(4 μmol/L dexmedetomidine and 10 μg/L CCL2 protein).The clone formation experiment and Edu experiment were performed to measure cell proliferation.Transwell experiment was performed to measure cell invasion and migration.Flow cytometry was performed to measure cell cycle and apoptosis.Western blot assay was used to measure the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease-3(Caspase-3),CCL2 and CCR2 proteins.The nude mouse transplant tumor experiment was used to determine the growth of gallbladder cancer transplant tumors.Results After treatment with low and high concentrations of dexmedetomidine,the number of cell clone formed,the positive rate of Edu,the numbers of invasions and migrations,the expression levels of PCNA,CyclinD1,MMP-2,MMP-9,CCL2 and CCR2 proteins,the proportions of G2/M and S phase cells decreased,the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells,apoptosis rate and expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins increased,and the effect of high-concentration dexmedetomidine was more significant(P＜0.05).The inhibitory effects of dexmedetomidine on the proliferation,invasion,migration and cell cycle of gallbladder cancer cells,as well as its promoting effect on cell apoptosis could be reversed by CCL2 protein(P＜0.05).In vivo experiments showed that dexmedetomidine could reduce tumor mass,tumor volume of nude mice and expression levels of CCL2 and CCR2 proteins(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells,and blocks the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase by suppressing the CCL2-CCR2 pathway.

Recurrent ulcerative colitis is a difficult point in clinical treatment.Its TCM property is deficiency in nature and excess in superficiality.Deficiency of spleen yang for a long time will affect the kidney;if Taiyang and Shaoyin meridians are attacked for a long time,Jueyin will be involved.San yin diseases will occur,and yang qi will be severely injured;dampness and heat,turbid poison,cold coagulation,food stagnation and other pathogenic factors invade and attack from outside to inside,lie down in the intestinal collaterals,remove heat by stasis,fumigate the lipid membrane and form internal ulcers.Deficiency of healthy qi,weakness and sores are the origin of the disease,stagnation of intestinal collaterals is the superficiality of the disease,and"stasis"as the main pathological factor carries out the disease from beginning to end.According to the idea of supporting sores and removing blood stasis,the self-made Xiaoyong Yukui Decoction can support sores to generate new ones,remove blood stasis and eliminate stagnation,and help regulate cold and heat,so as to strengthen the health and reduce toxin,remove blood stasis and unblock collaterals,so that the pathogenic factors can be removed and health can be restored,and the internal ulcer can heal,achieving good clinical efficacy in treating recurrent ulcerative colitis.

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil(ST)on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in rats by regulating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)/stimulator of interferon gene(STING)signaling pathway.Methods Male SD rats were induced by lipopolysaccharide to construct an ALI model.The successfully modeled rats were randomly separated into ALI group,L-ST group,H-ST group,and H-ST+DMXAA group,with 6 rats in each group.Among them,the L-ST group and H-ST group were intraperitoneally injected with 2.5 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml ST after successful modeling immediately.The H-ST+DMXAA group was given 25 mg/kg DMXAA by gavage on the basis of intraperitoneal injection of 5 μg/ml ST.Six healthy and normal temperature rats were randomly selected as the control group,and an equal amount of physiological saline was injected intraperitoneally.The reagent kit was used to detect the SOD enzyme activity and MDA content in serum;ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-10(IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF);cell staining was used to detect the total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF;the wet to dry mass ratio of lung tissue was calculated;HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissue,while Western blot was applied to detect the expression of cGAS and STING proteins in lung tissue.Results After L-ST and H-ST treatment,the SOD enzyme activity and IL-10 level increased sequentially,the MDA,TNF-α,IL-6,W/D value,total number of cells and neutrophils,cGAS,and STING protein expression decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while lung tissue injury was effectively alleviated.DMXAA reversed the influence of H-ST on the above indexes(P<0.05).Conclusion ST may inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway,reduce inflammation and oxidative stress responses,and thereby alleviates lipopolysaccharide induced ALI in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil(ST)on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in rats by regulating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)/stimulator of interferon gene(STING)signaling pathway.Methods Male SD rats were induced by lipopolysaccharide to construct an ALI model.The successfully modeled rats were randomly separated into ALI group,L-ST group,H-ST group,and H-ST+DMXAA group,with 6 rats in each group.Among them,the L-ST group and H-ST group were intraperitoneally injected with 2.5 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml ST after successful modeling immediately.The H-ST+DMXAA group was given 25 mg/kg DMXAA by gavage on the basis of intraperitoneal injection of 5 μg/ml ST.Six healthy and normal temperature rats were randomly selected as the control group,and an equal amount of physiological saline was injected intraperitoneally.The reagent kit was used to detect the SOD enzyme activity and MDA content in serum;ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-10(IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF);cell staining was used to detect the total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF;the wet to dry mass ratio of lung tissue was calculated;HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissue,while Western blot was applied to detect the expression of cGAS and STING proteins in lung tissue.Results After L-ST and H-ST treatment,the SOD enzyme activity and IL-10 level increased sequentially,the MDA,TNF-α,IL-6,W/D value,total number of cells and neutrophils,cGAS,and STING protein expression decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while lung tissue injury was effectively alleviated.DMXAA reversed the influence of H-ST on the above indexes(P<0.05).Conclusion ST may inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway,reduce inflammation and oxidative stress responses,and thereby alleviates lipopolysaccharide induced ALI in rats.

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive technique to measure heart rate at a lower cost, and it has been recently widely used in smart wearable devices. However, as PPG is easily affected by noises under high-intensity movement, the measured heart rate in sports has low precision. To tackle the problem, this paper proposed a heart rate extraction algorithm based on self-adaptive heart rate separation model. The algorithm firstly preprocessed acceleration and PPG signals, from which cadence and heart rate history were extracted respectively. A self-adaptive model was made based on the connection between the extracted information and current heart rate, and to output possible domain of the heart rate accordingly. The algorithm proposed in this article removed the interference from strong noises by narrowing the domain of real heart rate. From experimental results on the PPG dataset used in 2015 IEEE Signal Processing Cup, the average absolute error on 12 training sets was 1.12 beat per minute (bpm) (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.996; consistency error: -0.184 bpm). The average absolute error on 10 testing sets was 3.19 bpm (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.990; consistency error: 1.327 bpm). From experimental results, the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively extract heart rate information under noises and has the potential to be put in usage in smart wearable devices.
Algorithms ; Heart Rate/physiology* ; Photoplethysmography/methods* ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wearable Electronic Devices

Objective:To construct a scientific and complete competency evaluation index system for postgraduate tutors of clinical medicine.Methods:Based on literature research, group discussion and expert interviews, the research used the competency model theory, and conducted twice expert consultation by Delphi method, then the index weight was determined by mathematical analysis method and precedence diagram method. SPSS 22.0 was used for data statistical analysis.Results:According to the characteristics of the competency model and expert opinions, 4 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators, and 40 third-level indicators were finally determined, and the tutor evaluation index system was constructed.Conclusion:The system is highly scientific and reliable, which will provide a reference for the comprehensive evaluation of postgraduate tutors at medical colleges and will be of great significance for strengthening the construction of tutors and ensuring the cultivation quality of postgraduate.

Medical humanistic literacy education is important in modern medical education. In the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries, many medical schools have incorporated medical humanistic literacy education into compulsory courses and attached great importance to its value. However, the humanistic literacy education in domestic colleges has not yet formed a systematic development. This article analyzes the current status and deficiencies of domestic medical humanistic literacy education by comparing the development stages and characteristics of foreign medical humanistic literacy education. This paper puts forward reasonable suggestions on the integration of medical humanistic literacy curriculum from three aspects: medical education structure and modes, teaching methods and the importance attached to medical literacy education, aiming to provide a reference for our country's reform of medical education.

Objective To construct an scientific quality evaluation system of master academic dis-sertation in post graduates majored in professional clinical medicine, which provides the basis for measuring the level of scientific research and the quality of graduates. Method a preliminary evaluation index system of master academic dissertation in post graduates majored in professional clinical medicine was established by literature review, expert interview and panel discussion, and the given indexes were conducted on the clinical and medical education experts by a two-round Delphi methods. Result According to the character-istics of the graduate training, combined with expert opinion, 6 primary indexes, 18 secondary indexes and 42 third-level indexes were contained. With calculating the weight of all levels of indicators, the final quality evaluation system of master academic dissertation in post graduates majored in professional clinical medicine was built. Conclusion The system is a highly scientific index system and reliable, which can reflect and emphasize the master's requirements and characteristics of the training, so as to be used as a measuring stan-dard for evaluating master academic dissertation in post graduates majored in professional clinical medicine.

Objective To sum up the status and existing problems of standardized training of resident physician in China,and to promote residency standardized training.Methods With essayas retrieving items,resident + standardization training as the search term,all relevant papers published in CNKI from January 2004 to January 2014 with a title containing residency standardized training were reviewed.By means of literature analysis,the literature in 8 aspects was classified including the year of publication,status of journal,training base selection conditions,training objects and training time,content,specialist fields,management,assessment methods and shortages.Excel was used to make descriptive analysis of the results.Results After elimination,we took 152 papers as experimental group.In detail,12 literatures about training base selection conditions demonstrated that the level and type of hospital was the main criteria for training base;28 literatures about training objects and training time indicated that trainees were oriented to the pattern of 5+3,the latitude of PhD and Masters could be decreased properly; 36 literatures about training content focused on clinical skills and expertise.Only 19 literatures was concerned with specialist fields,which needed enriching.12 articles about management implemented management of supervisor responsibility system.22 literatures about the assessment method recommend that priority should be given to clinical skills examination to explore the hospital problems of resident standardization training.Conclusion The standardized training of resident physician has been carried out in China,but there are still some problems which need to be further improved.