Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of HEMO-FISS-QoL(HF-QoL) questionnaire (HF-QoL-C) in the Chinese population with hemorrhoids.Methods:From November 2021 to November 2022, a self-constructed general information questionnaire, HF-QoL-C, and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), Goligher classification, and Giordano severity of hemorrhoid symptom questionnaire (GSQ) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 760 hemorrhoid patients in the anorectal department of six hospitals. The data was analyzed for reliability and validity using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 26.0 software.Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of HF-QoL-C and its dimension ranged from 0.831 to 0.960, and the split coefficient was 0.832-0.915. Four common factors were extracted through principal component exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural validity( χ2/ df=8.152, RSMEA=0.097, CFI=0.881, IFI=0.881, NFI=0.867). HF-QoL-C was correlated with SF36 and GSQ( r=-0.694, 0.501, both P<0.01). There were differences in the total score and dimensional scores of HF-QoL-C between surgical and drug treated patients, different grades of Goligher classification for hemorrhoidal disease, and different ranges of hemorrhoid prolapse (all P<0.001). No ceiling effect was found in the total score and the scores of each dimension(0.3%-2.0%). There was a floor effect in both psychological function and sexual activity dimensions (16.7%, 35.1%). Conclusion:HF-QoL-C has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the quality of life of Chinese hemorrhoid patients.

Adult ; Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; East Asian People ; Hypertension ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Ethnicity

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese version of Ureteral Stent-Related Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) so as to provide a scientific tool for the symptom assessment of patients with indwelling ureteral stents.Methods:Following the translation principle of Brislin, the cultural adjustment of the questionnaire was completed according to the process of literal translation of the scale, back translation, expert committee discussion and pre-experiment, and the Chinese version of USSQ was formed. Inpatients with ureteral stents in the Urology Departments of 3 ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Urumqi from April 2018 to February 2019 were selected as research objects, and 485 questionnaires were collected by analyzing and testing the items and reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results:Finally, 462 valid questionnaires were collected. The analysis results of the project suggested that the two items of S1 and S2 in the Chinese version of USSQ in the field of sexual life could be deleted ( P>0.05) , however, considering the rationality of the structure of the questionnaire, S1 should be retained. Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.923, Cronbach's α coefficient of the six dimensions of urinary symptoms, physical pain, total health status, work performance, sexual life and additional problems was 0.703 to 0.918, retest reliability was 0.885, retest correlation coefficient of the six dimensions was 0.338 to 0.849 ( P<0.05) , and half reliability was 0.628. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.887. Through exploratory factor analysis, the cumulative variance contribution rate of the nine principal factors was 68.995%. In the correlation analysis, except for the correlation coefficients in the field of sexual life and other fields were from 0.014 to 0.101 ( P>0.05) , the correlation coefficients in other dimensions were from 0.406 to 0.629 ( P<0.01) . The test results of criterion validity showed that the correlation coefficients of each dimension of the questionnaire with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) , Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I-QOL) and The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) were from 0.35 to 0.49 ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:In addition to the field of sexual life, the Chinese version of USSQ has good reliability and validity in the evaluation of symptoms in other fields, which can provide a basis for the investigation and improvement of related symptoms in patients with indwelling ureteral stents in China.

Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of white matter volume in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children longitudinal.Methods From May 2011 to September 2014,37 ASD children (ASD group)and 27 developmental delays (DD) children (control group) were treated at the Child Mental Health Research Center,Nanjing Brian Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University,and the children whose age,gender and developmental quotient matched with the ASD children were scanned by structure magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) at the age of 2-3 years old and 4-5 years old respectively.Region of interest (ROI) technology was adopted to investigate the change of the cerebrum white and the sub-lobes structure white matter volume with time.Then the correlation between clinical symptoms and brain white matter volume changes was analyzed.Results Among the 2-3 years old,compared with the control group,the white matter volume of the total brain[(383 521.84 ±6 427.57) mm3 vs.(364 014.06 ±6 856.97) mm3],the left cerebral hemisphere [(191 609.35 ± 3 206.60) mm3 vs.(181 695.89 ± 3 389.54)mm3],temporal lobe [(41 860.49 ±816.38) mm3 vs.(39 444.18 ± 834.85) mm3] and the right temporal lobe [(21 312.79 ± 414.07) mm3 vs.(20 084.22 ± 412.13) mm3] were significantly larger in the ASD group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).With the analysis of covariance with age or the total brain volume as the covariate,the differences disappeared(all P ＞ 0.05).Among the 4-5 years old,compared with the control group,the white matter volumes of the total brain[(417 651.42 ± 6 443.86) mm3 vs.(394 317.27 ± 6 404.86)mm3],left cerebral hemisphere [(208 714.16 ±3 214.61) mm3 vs.(197 192.82 ±3 262.02) mm3],right cerebral hemisphere [(208937.26±3242.09) mm3 vs.(7 124.45 ±3 193.13) mm3],frontal lobe [(107 107.46±1 681.99) mm3 vs.(100 326.19 ± 1 883.24) mm3],left frontal lobe [(54 569.63 ± 846.85) mm3 vs.(51 177.25 ±979.09) mm3],right frontal lobe [(52 537.83 ± 841.99) mm3 vs.(49 148.94 ±928.31) mm3],temporal lobe [(45 189.75 ± 833.29) mm3 vs.(42 487.73 ± 786.27) mm3],left temporal lobe [(22 204.21 ±411.77) mm3 vs.(20 922.90 ± 418.46) mm3],and right temporal lobe [(22 985.54 ± 426.93) mm3 vs.(21 564.83 ± 378.78) mm3]were significantly larger in the ASD group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).With the analysis of covariance with age as the covariate,the differences still existed (all P ＜ 0.05).With the analysis of covariance with the total brain volume as the covariate,the differences disappeared (all P ＞ 0.05).For longitudinal analysis,there was a significant difference in the white matter volume between the whole brain,left cerebral hemisphere,right cerebral hemisphere,frontal lobe,left frontal lobe,fight frontal lobe,temporal lobe,left temporal lobe,right temporal lobe and the differences were statistically significant (F =5.521,5.533,5.459,5.830,5.800,5.723,4.857,4.418,5.159,all P ＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between the changes of the volume of whole brain,the white matter volume in the whole brain,bilateral cerebral hemisphere,frontal lobe,parietal lobe,right parietal lobe and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (r =0.367,0.343,0.321,0.349,0.296,0.308,0.351,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Among the 2-3 years old,the white matter volume of the brain regions have been increased significantly in ASD.Among the 4-5 years old,the increase of the white matter volume of the brain regions implicated more widely which mainly concentrated in the frontal and temporal lobe in ASD.The severity of the clinical symptoms of ASD may be associated with the white matter volume of the total brain,bilateral cerebral hemisphere,frontal lobe,parietal lobe and right parietal lobe.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell apoptosis after asphyxial cardiac arrest-resuscitation in rats. Methods A total of 60 pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 200-300 g, were divided into 3 groups (n= 20 each) by using a random number table: control group (C group), as-phyxial cardiac arrest-resuscitation group ( CA group) and dexmedetomidine pretreatment group ( Dex group). The anaesthetized rats were intubated with a 16G tracheal catheter which was connected to a rodent ventilator for mechanical ventilation. Cardiac arrest was induced by clamping the tracheal tube at the end of the exhalation until systolic blood pressure decreased to 25 mmHg lasting for 5 min, and then resuscitation was started. At 5 min before cardiac arrest, dexmedetomidine 4. 0 μg∕kg was intravenously injected in group Dex, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C and CA groups. Rats were sacri-ficed at 6 h after successful resuscitation, brain tissues were removed for determination of wet to dry weight ratio ( W∕D ratio), and hippocampal tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes (with a light microscope) and ultrastructure (with an electron microscope) and for determination of cell ap-optosis (by TUNEL), expression of CCAAT∕enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and ac-tivated transcription factors (ATF4) and X-4 box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA (by real-time polymer-ase chain reaction) and expression of CHOP, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 (by Western blot). The apoptosis rate was calculated. Results Compared with group C, W∕D ratio of brain tissues was significantly in-creased, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal tissues was decreased, the expression of XBP-1, ATF4 and CHOP mRNA was up-regulated, the expression of CHOP, Bax and caspase-3 was up-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated in CA and Dex groups (P<0. 05). Compared with group CA, W∕D ratio of brain tissues was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal tissues was decreased, the expression of XBP-1, ATF4 and CHOP mRNA was down-regulated, the expression of CHOP, Bax and caspase-3 was down-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated (P<0. 05), and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group Dex. Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomi-dine pretreatment mitigates brain injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest-resuscitation may be related to inhibi-ting cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats.

Objective To investigate the difference of Wechsler's cognitive test and its influencing factors in first-episode depression patients with and without sleep disorder.Methods 156 patients with de-pression were divided into two groups according to their sleep conditions,including sleep disorder group(n=77)and non-sleep disorder group(n=79).Wechsler Intelligence Scale(WAIS)and Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS)were used to assess the cognitive function,while Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-17) were used to assess depressive symptoms.Results (1)Sleep disorders group had lower scores on verbal IQ (95.51±16.45),performance IQ(90.94±13.87),FIQ scores(92.48±15.49)than those in the non-sleep disorder group((105.59±15.20),(96.19±13.62),(101.20±14.70)respectively),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Sleep disorder group had lower scores in immediate memory(10.47 ± 3.88),short-term memory(49.87±14.35)and memory quotient(87.90±18.25)than those in the non-sleep disorder group((11.86±3.47),(56.52±13.03),(97.27±18.76)respectively),the differences were statisti-cally significant(all P<0.05).(2)Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that education and age ex-plained 24% of variance in verbal IQ(F=21.258,P<0.01).Education,sleep disorder factors explained 12.9% of variation in performance IQ(F=9.825,P<0.01).Education,sleep disorder factors explained 22.3% of variance in total IQ(F=22.847,P<0.01).Education,age,sleep disorder factors explained 28.4%of variation in short-term memory(F=23.850,P<0.01).Education and age explained 20.4% of variation in immediate memory(F=18.10,P<0.01).Education and sleep disorder factors explained 21.9% of variation in memory quotient(F=26.162,P<0.01).Conclusion The intelligence and memory impairment in first-epi-sode depression patients with sleep disorders is more serious,and the education,sleep disorder and age are the most important factors.

A simple assay for detection of phospholipase C (PLC) activity was developed based on a fluorescence liposome probe using the Liss Rhod PE-loaded phospholipid liposomes.The liposome probe was prepared by the coassembly of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and fluorescent lipid (Liss Rhod PE).The probe showed very low background fluorescence due to fluorescence self-quenching effect of Liss Rhod PE.As the PLC enzyme selectively digested lipid, the Rhod fluorescence was recovered from its quenched state, leading to the sensitive detection of PLC.This assay provided a limit of detection (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) of 2 U/L for PLC.In the presence of PLC inhibitor, the fluorescent response of the sensor for PLC decreased, indicating that the assay could also be used for screening PLC inhibitors.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Hydromorphone combined with Propofol therapy in painless gastroscopy combined with colonoscopy examination in elder patients.Methods Sixty-one patients aged 65-80 years underwent a painless gastroscopy combined with colonoscopy examination in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2015 to January 2016.The patients were randomly divided into the Hydromorphone combined with Propofol group (Group H,n=31) and the Fentanyl combined with propofol group (Group F,n=30).Results The levels (H vs F group) of VAS at 5,15,30 min after anesthetic recovery were lower in H group thanin F group[(2.4±0.5) vs (3.4±0.6),(2.0±0.5) vs (3.2±0.6),(1.6±0.4) vs (2.6±0.7) respectively,(all P＜0.05)],and those of ramsay sedation scores at 5,15,30,45,and 60 min after anesthetic recovery were lower in H group than in F group[(2.6 ± 0.4) vs (3.3 ± 0.5),(2.3±0.5) vs (2.9±0.4),(2.1±0.3) vs (2.6±0.3),(1.9±0.3) vs (2.2±0.3),(1.8±0.3) vs (2.0±0.3) (all P＜0.05)] respectively.Additionally,the incidence rates (H vs F group) of nausea and vomit (3.2％ vs.26.7％),respiratory depression (0.0％ vs.33.3％) and restlessness (6.5％ vs.30.0％) within 60 min after anesthetic recovery were lower in the group H than in the group F (all P＜ 0.05).However,there were no statistical differences in the indexes of postoperative gastrointestinal function between two groups (all P＞0.05).Conclusions The clinical efficiency of hydromorphone combined with propofol used in painless gastroscopy combined colonoscopy examination is favourable and safe without increasing postoperative adverse reactions in elder patients.Hydromorphone combined with propofol is superior to fentanyl combined with propofol as a general intravenous anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the status of depression with anxiety symptoms, and analyze the influencing factors of anxiety symptoms from demographic data and social psychological factors. Methods Hamilton depression rat?ing scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA), Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), life event scale (LES), trait coping style questionnaire (TCSQ) and social support scale (SSS) were used to evaluate 729 patients with de?pression. According to HAMA scores, patients were divided into non anxiety symptoms group (HAMA<7) and anxiety symptoms group (HAMA>14). Social psychological factors were compared between two groups, and the influencing fac?tors of anxiety symptoms were analyzed. Results The incidence of anxiety symptoms in depression was 58.85% (429/729), and 119 cases (16.32%) were certainly without anxiety symptoms. Compared with the group without anxiety symp?toms, the anxiety symptoms group had higher scores on neuroticism, psychoticism, negative life events and negative cop?ing style (P<0.001), but lower scores on introversion and extroversion (P=0.010). Degree of depression (OR=9.255, 95%CI:4.726~18.127), neuroticism (OR=1.595, 95%CI:1.197~2.125), negative life events (OR=1.009, 95%CI:1.001~1.017) and negative coping style (OR=1.046, 95%CI:1.013~1.080) were the risk factors of anxiety symptoms (P<0.05). Conclu?sion The incidence of anxiety symptoms in patients with depression is high. Patients with higher degree of depression and typical neurotic personality experiencing more negative life events and those with tendency to adopt negative coping style are more susceptible to anxiety symptoms.

Objective To analyze the serum keratin 18 (K18) level of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) and its correlation with prognosis.Methods From December 2012 to October 2014,120 patients who visited Fuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital and diagnosed with HBV-ACLF were enrolled,and 20 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled with matched gender and age.Enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay was used for the detection of K18 (M30,M65) and the differences of M30,M65,M30/M65 and other laboratory results were analyzed among the first enrolled 40 patients with HBV-ACLF,20 CHB patients and 20 healthy controls.All HBV-ACLF patients were followed up for 3 months and divided into two groups (death group and survival group).And M30 and M65 in both groups were detected and their clinical data were collected.Continuous variables between groups were compared using t test and one-way analysis of varicmce.Categorical variables were compared using X2 test.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for prognostic analysis.Results The serum M30 in HBV-ACLF group,CHB group and healthy controls group were (2.99 ±0.29),(3.12±0.26) and (2.16 ±0.12) lg U/L,respectively (F=95.36,P＜ 0.01).The serum M65 in the three groups were (3.41 ± 0.29),(3.38+0.29) and (2.01±0.11) lg U/L,respectively (F=217.60,P＜0.01).And M30/M65 the three groups were 0.39 ± 0.11,0.55 ± 0.09 and 1.45 ± 0.34,respectively (F=202.63,P＜0.01).The white blood cell,total bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in HBV-ACLF patients were the highest,and platelet,albumin,serum sodium and prothrombin time activity were the lowest.After following up for 3 months of 120 patients with HBV-ACLF,40 of them died with fatality rate of 33.3％.The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the M30/M65 was 0.871,and that of score of model for endstage liver disease (MELD) was 0.668 (Z=3.011,P＜0.01).The M30/M65 ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the MELD score (r=-0.389,P＜0.01).Conclusions K18 (M65 and M30)are strongly associated with liver disease severity.The M30/M65 ratio may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for the patients with HBV-ACLF.