Objective: To investigate the creation of smoke-free environments in public places in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into effective implementation of the tobacco control policy. Methods: The party and government administrations at each level, medical institutions, educational places, restaurants and entertainment places, and open public places were enrolled. The creation of smoke-free environments was investigated in these places through undercover investigation with field observations and concealed photography by a third-party professional investigation company from November to December, 2022. The building of smoke-free environments (totally 60 scores) and no smoking indoors (totally 40 scores) were evaluated according to the Criteria for Scoring of Smoke-free Organizations in Hangzhou City. Results: Totally 909 places were investigated, and the comprehensive score of smoke-free environment building was (82.83±14.13) points. There were 285 party and government administrations with a comprehensive score of (84.19±12.85) points, 65 medical institutions with a comprehensive score of (90.35±6.95) points, 65 educational places with a comprehensive score of (83.43±16.81) points, 403 dining and entertainment places with a comprehensive score of (80.68±14.75) points, and 91 open public places, with a comprehensive score of (82.34±14.77) points. There were 397 places with standardized tobacco control tips at entrances (43.67%), 308 places with tobacco control signs posted as required (33.88%), 707 places that set outdoor smoking areas correctly (77.78%), 68 places with smoking paraphernalia (7.48%), 28 places with tobacco sales (3.08%). There were 732 places without signs of indoor smoking (80.53%), 850 places without indoor smoking (93.51%) and 24 places without dissuading from smoking (2.64%). Conclusion The indoor no-smoking is overall satisfactory in public places in Hangzhou City; however, standardizing no-smoking tips at entrances, standardizing the posting of no-smoking signs and assignment of tobacco control materials remain to be improved.

Objective : To investigate the establishment of smoke-free environments in medical and healthcare institutions in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the evidence for improving the implementation of the tobacco control policy in medical and healthcare institutions. Methods: Health administrative sectors and public health institutions at provincial, city and county levels, secondary and tertiary medical institutions, and community health service/township health centers in Zhejiang Province were enrolled. The status of institutional establishment of smoke-free environments was investigated through concealed photography and consulting medical service guides by the assigned the third-party professional investigation company in 2021. The layout of smoke-free environments and indoor smoking were assessed according to the Criteria for Scoring Smoking-free Medical and Healthcare Institutions. Results: Totally 547 medical and healthcare institutions were enrolled in this undercover investigation, including 102 health administrative sectors, 209 public health institutions, 146 secondary and tertiary medical institutions, and 90 community health service/township health centers. The gross mean scores of establishment of smoke-free environments were 83.41±12.19 among all medical and healthcare institutions, 82.02±10.73, 85.56±9.70 and 83.18±12.59 among province-, city- and county-level medical and healthcare institutions, respectively, and the gross mean scores of establishment of smoke-free environments were 82.60±12.27, 85.79±10.74, 80.89±13.85, 82.27±11.62 scores among health administrative sectors, public health institutions, secondary and tertiary medical institutions and community health service/township health centers, respectively. There were 315 institutions with no smoking signs at entrances (57.59%), 255 institutions posting no smoking signs ( 46.62% ), 245 institutions assigning two and more types of health education materials for tobacco control ( 44.79% ), 110 institutions with outdoor smoking areas ( 51.16% ), 66 secondary and tertiary medical institutions with smoking cessation clinics ( 45.20% ) and 354 institutions with carpet smoking bans in indoor places ( 64.72% ). Conclusions The overall establishment of smoke-free environments is satisfactory among medical and healthcare institutions in Zhejiang Province. Nevertheless, improving the coverage of no smoking signs and health education of tobacco control, promoting the standardized construction of smoking cessation clinics and establishing a long-action tobacco control mechanism are still needed.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a tobacco control intervention for college students under the advocate-promoting model, and to provide evidence for methods to improve smoking control and health decisions. Methods: Four colleges were selected from the list of colleges that participated in a survey of college student tobacco use in Zhejiang Province in 2015, and we conducted a tobacco control intervention with them under the advocate-promoting model for two years. A total of 1 007 students were selected using a random sampling method and surveyed before intervention, and 991 students were selected using a random sampling method and surveyed after the intervention. A chi-square test was used to compare the differences between tobacco use, second-hand smoke exposure, and tobacco knowledge among students before and after the intervention. Results: After the tobacco control intervention, the attempted smoking rate among students in the four colleges dropped from 34.36% to 22.30%, the current smoking rate dropped from 12.12% to 7.87%, the second-hand smoke exposure rate decreased from 75.47% to 70.53%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=37.73, 9.99, 6.18, P<0.05). After intervention, the proportion of students who had seen tobacco advertisements in the past 30 days decreased from 60.38% to 54.4%, the proportion of students who "saw smoking scenes in video media" decreased from 25.02% to 19.58%, and the proportion of students who "learned smoking control knowledge in class" increased from 14.20% to 18.16%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=7.08, 8.55, 5.79, P<0.05). Conclusion The advocate-promoting model of "advocacy alliance" can help colleges to establish a smoke-free campus environment and improve college students’ tobacco knowledge and reduce their attempted and current smoking rates.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a text message for smoking cessation among _{male smokers before their wives}' _pregnancy, and to provide evidence for smoking cessation strategies. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in four cities of Zhejiang province from April to October 2016. A total of 552 male smokers were assessed using data from structured questionnaires at baseline and were followed up at 1 and 6 months. A total of 307 participants were provided a text message _{(SMS) for smoking cessation intervention, along with wives}' _{involvement in husbands}' _quitting programs. The intervention group was compared with the control group without intervention. Outcomes were self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates at 1-month and 6-months follow up. Results: In the intervention group, the proportion of participants who self-reported to be healthy reduced from 26.4% to 15.3% at 1-month follow-up and increased to 21.8% at 6-month follow-up; in the control group, it was reduced from 19.2% to 11.4% at 1-month follow-up, and increased to 20.4% at 6-month follow-up. The 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate of the intervention group at 1 and 6 months were higher than that of the control group: at 1-month follow-up, 13.0% vs. 8.2%; at 6-month follow-up, 16.3% vs. 8.2%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the intervention group considered "determination" as the most important support (61.9% at 1 month, 60.9% at 6 months); "addiction cycle" was the main barrier (47.2% at 1 month, 48.9% at 6 months), and they were less influenced by other smokers (8.1% at 1 month, 5.2% at 6 months). Conclusion SMS smoking cessation intervention, along with wife's involvement in husband's quitting programs had a positive effect on the quitting rates.

Objective To evaluate the strength of tobacco control at or below county-level governments of Zhejiang Province,to explore the strategies and measures on tobacco control,and promote a smoke-free government.Methods By multistage stratified random sampling method,12 government ageucies were selected in 4 counties.The information of tobacco control strength and smoke-free environment creation was collected by interview and field observation,and the scores were calculated by using the percentage assignment method.An intercept suuvey was carried out in four counties and there were 405 civil servants under investigation.The data were analyzed by frequency statistic and correlation analysis.Results The smoking rate of civil servants was 17.8％,and the secondhand smoking rate was 61.9％;84.7％ of civil servants adnmitted the harm of smoking and 96.8％ admitted the harm of secondhand smoking.Support for forbidding the cigarette advertisements was highest and increasing the cigarette price was the weakest.The scores of smoke-free environment creation of project counties showed that the average score was 50.60,Zhuji and Luqiao got a maximum score of 57.14,Haiyan got a minimum score of 42.86.The scores of tobacco control strength showed that the average score was 82.35,Zhuji got a maximum score of 92.16,followed by Luqiao,Jiande and Haiyan counties,82.35,80.39 and 74.51 respectively.The scores of tobacco control strength,include policy,political will,capacity,and tobacco control efforts were the highest in Zhuji county.The results of correlation analysis showed that the total score of tobacco control strength had significant association with the score of smoke-free environment creation,smoking rate of civil servants,and approval rate of anti smoking in public places (P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall situation of tobacco control strength at or below county-level governments of Zhejiang province is good,but there is a relative shortage of smoke-free environment creation.Civil servants master the knowledge related to tobacco and support tobacco control policy.We should further promote the construction of smoke-free government.More effective smoking control measures should be conducted in order to raise the strength of tobacco control and finally implement the tobacco control legislation.

Objective To understand the prevalence of tobacco use among college students in different populations by sex,age and major,and to provide evidence for smoking control and health decision.Methods A total of 4 638 college students selected in 21 colleges through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling from Zhejiang Province were surveyed by using questionnaire analysis.Indicators such as tried smoking,current smoking,and secondhand smoke exposure,etc.,were calculated by weight on age proportions from the numbers of college students in Zhejiang.Results The prevalence of tried smoking and currcut smoking among college students were 29.72％ and 10.57％,respectively.The prevalence of tried smoking was 46.52％ for men,18.25％ for women;28.57％ for undergraduate,31.53％ for junior college;the prevalence of current smoking was 18.86％ for men,3.86％ for women;8.88％ for undergraduate,13.23％ for junior college students.The snoking rate in college students increased with age,the group of ≥21 Years was the highest (37.87％,16.09％).The lowest level of smoking was medical student (21.76％,2.19％).The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure in outdoor and indoor places,and dormitory among students were 65.49％,60.33％,and 23.66％,respectively.In the past 30 days,college students have seen tobacco advertisement (47.38％),smoking scenes (60.20％),and got tobacco related gifts (10.40％),free tobacco products (8.93％);college students have seen information about tobacco control (60.50％),cigarette pack warning labels (58.45％),and learned the tobacco knowledge in class in the past 12 months (14.03％).Conclusion Current prevalence of smoking in college students in Zhejiang province remained at a high level,the rate of secondhand smoke exposure is high and in college students there was lack of tobacco control education in class.The results indicated that the policy about tobacco control in school was not enough and the task of health promotion should be taken more arduously.

Objective To explore the determinants of willingness to quit smoking among pre-pregnancy male smokers, and to provide evidence for smoking cessation strategies. Methods An intercept survey was carried out in four cities in Zhejiang, and there were 552 pre-pregnancy male smokers from 1401 newly wedded couples under investigation. Result The pre-pregnancy male smoking rate was 39.82%, and only 6.88%of pre-pregnancy male smokers were categorized as highly nicotine-dependent. The rate of recent willingness to quit smoking was 50.54%, and reasons for quitting were as follows:a planned pregnancy (62.50%), an example for children (47.70%), and objections from family members (45.22%). The tobacco knowledge among pre-pregnancy male smokers is relatively poor, only 49.64% of smokers were aware 8 points in 11 questions; 88.75% of smoker's wives supported their husband to quit smoking. The associated factors of smoking cessation include: tobacco knowledge (OR=0.38), health self-assessment well (OR=1.90), wife's willing for husband to quit smoking (OR=2.87). Conclusion Compared to ordinary people, the proportion of intention to quit smoking was higher in pre-pregnancy male smokers. To strengthen health education and make wife initiating in husband's quitting programs would be more effective.

Objective To describe the prevalence of tobacco use among teenagers in different populations by sex and grades at school,and to provide evidence for the development of smoking control and health promotion programs.Methods A total of 4 797 teenagers selected from 36 schools through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling in Zhejiang province and were surveyed by using a questionnaire with 3 886 eligible ones for analysis.Indicators as tried smoking,current smoking,and secondhand smoke exposure,etc.,were calculated by weight on age proportions from the numbers of juniors in Zhejiang province.Results Prevalence rates of tried smoking and current smoking among teenagers were 10.91％ and 2.07％,respectively.7.72％ of the juniors were susceptible to future tobacco use.The prevalence rates of tried smoking were 15.65％ for boys and 5.58％ for girls,12.13％ in rural and 9.24％ in urban areas.Students from the 9th grade showed the highest rate (15.15％) while the 7th graders appeared the lowest level of susceptibility to future tobacco use (5.22％).The highest level of current smoking was seen in the group of "weekly allowance more than 30 Yuan,from parents"(4.07％).The prevalence of secondhand exposure to smoke in outdoor and indoor places,public transport,or at home were 57.60％,54.45％,46.97％,and 43.16％,respectively,among the teenagers.3 071 juniors (77.33％) saw the smoking scenes in the past 30 days but only 1 367 juniors (28.30％) were aware of the basic knowledge on tobaccos in class,in the past 12 months.Conclusions There were juniors who tried to smoke or were current smokers.The rate of secondhand exposure to smoking was high.A large number of the juniors were lack of education on knowledge related to tobacco control,in the classroom.It was important to promote and publicize the knowledge on tobacco so as to reduce the number of teenagers who were susceptible to future tobacco use.

0bjective To investigate the serum total bilirubin level of healthy population in northwest area of China.Methods According to the guiding principle and the screening standard of C28-P3,722 individuals conforming to the screening standard from October 2011 to January 2012 were collected.Serum total bilirubin was determined with diazo reagent method(Roche)on the P module of Hitachi 7600 automatic biochemistry analyzer,and the vanadate reagent method(WAKO)on the D module of the Hitachi 7600 automatic biochemistry analyzer,respectively.The detection results were analyzed between different analysis systems,between country and city and among different age groups by SPSS13.0.The top and bottom limitations of 95% reference interval recommen-ded by the C28-P3 file were calculated by the non-parametric method.Results Serum total bilirubin detection results had no statis-tically significant differences between the two kinds of detection methods,between rural and urban populations,among all ages and genders (P >0.05).The ultimate reference interval of serum total bilirubin in the northwest area was 2.19 -29.29 μmol/L.Con-clusion The differences of serum total bilirubin reference interval exist between the healthy population in the Northwest area of China and the current reference interval used in domestic and foreign population.Establishing the reference intervals of new bio-chemical test item suitable for China′s population will provide the scientific basis for the evaluation of disease diagnosis,treatment, prognosis judgment and health assessment in the Chinese population.

Objective To investigate the application and significance of the MS/MS method and the HPLC method for the screening and diagnosis of genetic metabolic disease phenylketonuria (PKU) .Methods The MS/MS method and the HPLC method were adopted to analyze the concentrations of phenylalanine(Phe) and tyrosine(Tyr) and its ratio in the dried blood spot specimen on filter paper and the whole blood specimen in 1 860 children aged from 3 d to 11 years old .Results The linear ranges of Phe by the MS/MS method and the HPLC method were 26 .02 - 101 .11 μmol/L and 32 .04 - 132 .50 μmol/L ,which of Tyr were 41 .50 -253 .07 μmol/L and 32 .85 - 111 .50 μmol/L ,the average recovery rates of Phe were 97 .36% and 98 .43% ,which of Tyr were 96 .71% and 98 .99% ,in‐run CV of Phe were 4 .31% and 3 .97% ,which of Tyr were 4 .09% and 4 .01% ,between‐run CV of Phe were 5 .73% and 4 .58% ,which of Tyr were 6 .01% and 5 .24% ,respectively .Conclusion Both methods can sensitively and specif‐ically detect blood Phe and Tyr concentrations and meet the requirements of screening and diagnosis of PKU .