This study optimizes the extraction process and explores the antioxidant activity of Gastrodia elata polysaccharides, aiming to provide theoretical reference for the extraction, development, and application of the polysaccharides. Polysaccharides were extracted from G. elata by an ultrasonic-assisted method with deep eutectic solvents. The extraction process was optimized by single factor and response surface tests. The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS⁺ free radical scavenging rates. The optimal deep eutectic solvents were composed of choline chloride and lactic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2. The optimal extraction conditions were the ultrasonic treatment at 50 ℃ for 48 min, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:38, and a water content of 42%. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide yield reached (19.88±0.93)%. The results of antioxidant activity experiment in vitro showed that the scavenging rates of G. elata polysaccharides on DPPH and ABTS⁺ free radicals were up to (26.39±1.47)% and (30.61±0.16)%, respectively, which indicated that the polysaccharides extracted by the deep eutectic solvents had a certain antioxidant ability. The extracted polysaccharides can be further studied and developed as a potential natural antioxidant.
Polysaccharides/pharmacology* ; Gastrodia/chemistry* ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Deep Eutectic Solvents/chemistry* ; Solvents/chemistry*

Objective To evaluate the effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) for critical acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Twenty-two patients with critical ARDS were treated with ECMO after failure of conventional ventilation therapy.The PaO_2,PaCO_2,DO_2,VO_2 and hemodynamic parameters were retrospectively analysed.Result PaO_2,DO_2,VO_2 was improved significantly after ECMO.Sixteen patients survived.Conclusion Whenever other treatments fail to improve PaO_2 on critical ARDS patients,ECMO should be considered.

Objective To determine the effects of individual antibiotic and immunosuppressive regime on postoperative infection in liver transplant recipients. Method There were 31 cases of liver transplantation from March 2001 to May 2005. The recipients received individual antibiotic and immunosuppressive regime based on the drug susceptibility testing and monitoring of blood drug concentration. The incidence and pattern of infection and the mortality in these recipients were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 15 episodes of infection during recipients' staying in hospital. The common etiologies were Enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staph. epidermidis. According to the drug sensitive test, targocid/tienam and tazocin were mostly used in antibiotic regime for treatment of postoperative infection. With monitoring of blood concentration, appropriate application of immunosuppressive agents decreased the incidence of infection from 86.7% before 2003 to 48.4% after 2003 (P0.05). Conclusion Individual application of antibiotic and immunosuppressive regime leads to the suppression of infections and other complications in liver transplant recipients.