Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） refers to an infectious inflammation of the lung parenchyma （including the alveolar wall，that is，the broad pulmonary interstitium） acquired outside the hospital. Its common pathogens include streptococcus pneumoniae，respiratory viruses， mycoplasma pneumoniae， and so on. The related factors for the occurrence and development of CAP include patient characteristics （immune function，mucus production and clearance function，coagulation function，physical condition， and comorbidity） and pathogen characteristics （susceptibility，virulence，and antibiotic resistance）. The pathogenesis of CAP lies in immune deficiency，pathogen invasion，inflammatory response disorder，mucus production and clearance disorder， coagulation disorder， and so on. The pathogenesis of CAP in traditional Chinese medicine can be described as "vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis". Vital Qi deficiency （lack of immunity） is the potential pathogenesis of the disease and easy to be invaded by external pathogens （respiratory pathogens）. Toxic stasis （inflammatory disorder，mucus production and clearance disorder，and coagulation dysfunction） is the key pathogenic factor. Vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis are intermingled in a state of deficiency and excess，which suggests that the treatment of CAP lies in strengthening vital Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors. This involves strengthening vital Qi in the whole process to consolidate body resistance and nourish promordial Qi. It also involves clearing heat，eliminating phlegm，removing dampness，and dispelling stasis to dispel pathogenic toxins based on the syndrome differentiation. Its action mechanism is to regulate immune and inflammatory responses，resist pathogens，and improve mucus production and clearance， as well as coagulation disorders. Starting from the key pathogenesis of CAP，"vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis"， this paper discussed the pathogenesis of CAP and summarized the action mechanism of vital Qi strengthening for detoxification in its treatment. It is intended to complement the theoretical system by identifying "vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis" as the key pathogenesis underlying CAP and the scientific connotation of treating CAP with vital Qi strengthening for detoxification，thereby providing insights for its clinical application.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of the gastrointestinal endoscopic super minimally invasive surgery (eSMIS) and the laparoscopic minimally invasive procedure (LS) for the treatment of gastric glomus tumors(GGT).Methods:This study retrospectively included 15 patients with GGT who underwent eSMIS at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2014 to May 2024. Data on demographic characteristics, surgical indexes, efficacy evaluation indexes, postoperative medical disposition, health economics indexes and postoperative laboratory indexes were collected and analyzed, the patients were followed up for survival outcomes and the postoperative quality of life, efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared.Results:The amount of bleeding in the eSMIS group was lower than that in the LS group: 1.25 (0, 3.75) ml vs. 41.56 (10.00, 50.00) ml, and the surgical cost in the eSMIS group was lower than that in the LS group: 10 792.87 (8 424.90, 12 730.30) yuan vs. 21 773.06 (19 940.60, 24 843.10) yuan, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The surgical efficacy, postoperative laboratory indicators and medical treatment convenience between the two groups had no statistical differences ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the choice of surgical procedures for the treatment of GGT, eSMIS is superior to LS in terms of bleeding and surgical cost, and not inferior to LS in other indicators. This suggested that the treatment of GGT with eSMIS is feasible, safe and effective.

Objective This study established a qualitative and quantitative detection method for 9 new synthetic cannabinoids in e-cigarette oil using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.Methods E-cigarette oil was extracted with methanol,concentrated by nitrogen blowing under a water bath at 60℃,and separated using an Acquity UPLC? HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)column.Gradient elution was performed with ammonium acetate buffer solution(20 mmol/L)containing 0.1%formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase.Detection was carried out in the positive ion mode of the HESI ion source using DDA(FullScan+dd-MS2)mode.Quantification was performed using the external standard method based on precise precursor ion peak areas,while qualitative analysis relied on retention times and characteristic fragment ions.Results The results showed that the standard curves of all 9 synthetic cannabinoids in blank e-cigarette oil matrix exhibited good linearity with R2 values>0.999.The limits of detection ranged from 0.0001 to 0.01 μg/g,and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.0003 to 0.03 μg/g.Recovery rates at low,medium,and high spiking levels in blank e-cigarette oil matrix ranged from 75.7%to 115%,with relative deviations<8.5%.Conclusion This method features a short instrument detection time of only 10 min,relatively simple operation,low detection limits,high accuracy,and good precision,making it applicable for rapid screening and quantitative analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in e-cigarette oil.

Objective:To systematically analyze the incidence and influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods:Research on frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies was retrieved from Chinese and English databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search period was from database establishment to August 23, 2024. Two researchers screened the included studies, conducted quality assessment, and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 18 and RevMan 5.4.Results:A total of seven studies were included, encompassing 19 076 elderly hematologic malignancy patients, with a frailty incidence of 59% [95% CI (0.48, 0.69) ]. Meta-analysis revealed that age [ MD=4.31, 95% CI (3.67, 4.96) ], gender [ OR=0.88, 95% CI (0.83, 0.93) ], alcohol consumption [ OR=1.67, 95% CI (1.15, 2.44) ], self-care ability [ MD=-1.79, 95% CI (-3.17, -0.41) ], anemia [ OR=6.67, 95% CI (2.94, 15.14) ], infection [ OR=1.81, 95% CI (1.16, 2.84) ], and neuropathy [ OR=2.52, 95% CI (1.38, 4.61) ] were the influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. Conclusions:The incidence of frailty is high in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. Elderly patients with hematologic malignancies who are older, female, consume alcohol, have low self-care ability, anemia, infections, and neuropathy are prone to frailty. Healthcare providers can conduct early screening and intervention for high-risk populations of frailty based on risk factors to improve the quality of life for elderly hematologic malignancy patients.

Objective·To investigate an optimal severe periodontitis mouse model by comparing two induction methods:simple ligature and ligature combined with injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide(P.g.LPS).Methods·Fifteen C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups:a healthy control group,a simple ligature-induced periodontitis group,and a ligature combined with P.g.LPS injection-induced periodontitis group.After 14 d,the following evaluations were conducted:tooth mobility and probing depth under a stereomicroscope;alveolar bone resorption[bone volume fraction,bone mineral density,the distance from the cemento-enamel junction(CEJ)to the alveolar bone crest(ABC),and the area between CEJ and ABC]analyzed via micro computed tomography(Micro-CT)and stereomicroscopic examination.The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results·Compared with the simple ligature group,mice in the ligature with P.g.LPS injection group exhibited significantly increased tooth mobility[(2.20±0.45)vs(1.40±0.55)]and probing depth[(1.05±0.21)mm vs(0.58±0.39)mm],with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The ligature with P.g.LPS injection group also demonstrated significantly reduced bone volume fraction[(16.44%±3.35%)vs(28.97%±7.90%)]and bone mineral density[(0.42±0.04)g/cm3 vs(0.55±0.08)g/cm3],as well as increased distance from CEJ to ABC[(0.88±0.03)mm vs(0.74±0.12)mm]and area between CEJ and ABC[(0.34±0.01)mm2 vs(0.30±0.02)mm2],all with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Additionally,serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly elevated in the ligature with P.g.LPS injection group compared to the simple ligature group(both P＜0.05).Conclusion·The method of ligature combined with continuous P.g.LPS injection is more effective for constructing a severe periodontitis mouse model,making it suitable for studying the progression and treatment of severe periodontitis.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of the gastrointestinal endoscopic super minimally invasive surgery (eSMIS) and the laparoscopic minimally invasive procedure (LS) for the treatment of gastric glomus tumors(GGT).Methods:This study retrospectively included 15 patients with GGT who underwent eSMIS at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2014 to May 2024. Data on demographic characteristics, surgical indexes, efficacy evaluation indexes, postoperative medical disposition, health economics indexes and postoperative laboratory indexes were collected and analyzed, the patients were followed up for survival outcomes and the postoperative quality of life, efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared.Results:The amount of bleeding in the eSMIS group was lower than that in the LS group: 1.25 (0, 3.75) ml vs. 41.56 (10.00, 50.00) ml, and the surgical cost in the eSMIS group was lower than that in the LS group: 10 792.87 (8 424.90, 12 730.30) yuan vs. 21 773.06 (19 940.60, 24 843.10) yuan, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The surgical efficacy, postoperative laboratory indicators and medical treatment convenience between the two groups had no statistical differences ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the choice of surgical procedures for the treatment of GGT, eSMIS is superior to LS in terms of bleeding and surgical cost, and not inferior to LS in other indicators. This suggested that the treatment of GGT with eSMIS is feasible, safe and effective.

Objective:To systematically analyze the incidence and influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods:Research on frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies was retrieved from Chinese and English databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search period was from database establishment to August 23, 2024. Two researchers screened the included studies, conducted quality assessment, and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 18 and RevMan 5.4.Results:A total of seven studies were included, encompassing 19 076 elderly hematologic malignancy patients, with a frailty incidence of 59% [95% CI (0.48, 0.69) ]. Meta-analysis revealed that age [ MD=4.31, 95% CI (3.67, 4.96) ], gender [ OR=0.88, 95% CI (0.83, 0.93) ], alcohol consumption [ OR=1.67, 95% CI (1.15, 2.44) ], self-care ability [ MD=-1.79, 95% CI (-3.17, -0.41) ], anemia [ OR=6.67, 95% CI (2.94, 15.14) ], infection [ OR=1.81, 95% CI (1.16, 2.84) ], and neuropathy [ OR=2.52, 95% CI (1.38, 4.61) ] were the influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. Conclusions:The incidence of frailty is high in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. Elderly patients with hematologic malignancies who are older, female, consume alcohol, have low self-care ability, anemia, infections, and neuropathy are prone to frailty. Healthcare providers can conduct early screening and intervention for high-risk populations of frailty based on risk factors to improve the quality of life for elderly hematologic malignancy patients.

Objective This study established a qualitative and quantitative detection method for 9 new synthetic cannabinoids in e-cigarette oil using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.Methods E-cigarette oil was extracted with methanol,concentrated by nitrogen blowing under a water bath at 60℃,and separated using an Acquity UPLC? HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)column.Gradient elution was performed with ammonium acetate buffer solution(20 mmol/L)containing 0.1%formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase.Detection was carried out in the positive ion mode of the HESI ion source using DDA(FullScan+dd-MS2)mode.Quantification was performed using the external standard method based on precise precursor ion peak areas,while qualitative analysis relied on retention times and characteristic fragment ions.Results The results showed that the standard curves of all 9 synthetic cannabinoids in blank e-cigarette oil matrix exhibited good linearity with R2 values>0.999.The limits of detection ranged from 0.0001 to 0.01 μg/g,and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.0003 to 0.03 μg/g.Recovery rates at low,medium,and high spiking levels in blank e-cigarette oil matrix ranged from 75.7%to 115%,with relative deviations<8.5%.Conclusion This method features a short instrument detection time of only 10 min,relatively simple operation,low detection limits,high accuracy,and good precision,making it applicable for rapid screening and quantitative analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in e-cigarette oil.

Objective:To establish an evaluation index system for patient safety education targeted at undergraduate nursing interns.Methods:Based on the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model, a preliminary draft of the index system was developed using a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The Delphi method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process were applied to finalize the index system.Results:Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted. In the first round, 23 questionnaires were distributed, and 20 valid responses were received (effective response rate: 86.96%) . Among them, 15 experts (75.00%) provided revision suggestions. In the second round, 20 questionnaires were distributed, and 19 valid responses were received (effective response rate: 95.00%) , with two experts (10.53%) offering suggestions. The expert authority coefficients for the two rounds were 0.900 and 0.921, respectively. Kendall's coordination coefficients were 0.272 and 0.273 ( P<0.01) . The final evaluation system consisted of four first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators, and 18 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The evaluation index system constructed in this study is scientifically grounded and reliable. However, its practical utility and applicability require further validation.

Objective:To establish an evaluation index system for patient safety education targeted at undergraduate nursing interns.Methods:Based on the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model, a preliminary draft of the index system was developed using a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The Delphi method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process were applied to finalize the index system.Results:Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted. In the first round, 23 questionnaires were distributed, and 20 valid responses were received (effective response rate: 86.96%) . Among them, 15 experts (75.00%) provided revision suggestions. In the second round, 20 questionnaires were distributed, and 19 valid responses were received (effective response rate: 95.00%) , with two experts (10.53%) offering suggestions. The expert authority coefficients for the two rounds were 0.900 and 0.921, respectively. Kendall's coordination coefficients were 0.272 and 0.273 ( P<0.01) . The final evaluation system consisted of four first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators, and 18 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The evaluation index system constructed in this study is scientifically grounded and reliable. However, its practical utility and applicability require further validation.