With the emergence of deep learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks, artificial intelligence (AI) has driven transformative developments in the field of medical image analysis. Recently, large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have also started to achieve distinction in this domain. Increasing research shows the undeniable role of AI in reshaping various aspects of medical image analysis, including processes such as image enhancement, segmentation, detection in image preprocessing, and postprocessing related to medical diagnosis and prognosis in clinical settings. However, despite the significant progress in AI research, studies investigating the recent advances in AI technology in the aforementioned aspects, the changes in research hotspot trajectories, and the performance of studies in addressing key clinical challenges in this field are limited. This article provides an overview of recent advances in AI for medical image analysis and discusses the methodological profiles, advantages, disadvantages, and future trends of AI technologies.
Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Deep Learning ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods*

In the context of comprehensively advancing the Healthy China initiative,the high-quality development of public hospitals must be guided by the core principle of"people's health".It provides a systematic analysis of the historical evolution of developmental paradigms in Chinese public hospitals.By integrating the current policy requirements for their high-quality development,it proposes key pathways including the innovation of development concepts,the reconstruction of hospital connotations,the extension of service management,the optimization of the system structure,and the empowerment of digital and intelligent technologies.Through empirical case studies that demonstrate the viability of these pathways,it aims to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the high-quality development of public hospitals centered on people's health.

Hepatitis virus is the main pathogen causing liver inflammation and damage. Early detection is crucial for the effective treatment of hepatitis. The detection technology of hepatitis virus has gone through multiple stages, including immunological detection technology and nucleic acid detection technology. The emergence of emerging molecular detection technologies makes its detection more sensitive and convenient, including nanotechnology, Raman spectroscopy technology, microfluidic technology and biosensor technology. The development of these technologies has promoted the early diagnosis of hepatitis, but their clinic applications are still facing challenges. In the future, the development of hepatitis virus detection technology is expected to transform in the form of multidimensional and interdisciplinary innovation process, with its core objectives being the realization of more precise, convenient, and accessible detection methods, thereby comprehensively advancing the progress of hepatitis prevention and control efforts.

Objective : To investigate the expression and clinical significance of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) ，synovial tissue ，and fibroblastic-like synovial cells (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients． Methods : Peripheral blood samples from 25 healthy control ( HC) individuals and 25 patients diagnosed with RA were collected ，and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect KMO gene and protein expression in PBMC of RA and HC groups，and to analyze the correlation between the expression level of the KMO gene in the PBMC of the RA patients and the indexes of the laboratory tests．Meanwhile，immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect KMO expression in synovial tissue and FLS in RA and HC groups． Results : ① KMO gene and protein expression in PBMC of RA group were higher than that of HC group，and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 001) ．② The level of KMO gene expression in PBMC of RA group was positively correlated with disease activity index 28 score，blood sedimentation，and rheumatoid factor (rs = 0. 417，P = 0. 038 ; r = 0. 545，P = 0. 005 ; rs = 0. 433，P = 0. 031) ， and had no correlation with C-reactive protein and anti-cyclic citrullinated polypeptide antibody．③ KMO expres- sion in synovial tissue of RA group was higher than that of HC group，and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 01) ; KMO expression in FLS of synovial tissue of RA group was higher than that of HC group，and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0. 001) ． Conclusion KMO expression increases in PBMC ，synovial tissue and FLS of RA patients，and the level of KMO gene expression is correlated with the disease activity of RA patients，suggesting that KMO may promote the course of RA．

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a preva-lent neurodegenerative disorder,characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques,the phosphorylation of Tau proteins,and neuronal loss.As the global population ages,the incidence of AD is rising,and there is currently no effective cure.Herbal monomers have garnered interest due to their multifaceted pharmacological effects and low toxicity.This paper aims to provide a comprehen-sive overview of the mechanisms of Nrf2,NF-κB,PI3K/Akt,MAPK and other signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of AD.It also explores the modu-lation of these pathways by various TCM mono-mers,such as leptomeningine and tanshinone ⅡA,and details the research progress to date.For in-stance,Leptosine has been shown to activate Nrf2,thereby reducing oxidative stress,while Tanshinone ⅡA has been observed to inhibit the NF-κB path-way,leading to a reduction in inflammation.Not-withstanding the encouraging indications for the treatment of AD with TCM monomers,there are several challenges that must be addressed.Firstly,the precise mechanism of action remains to be ful-ly elucidated.Secondly,there are significant chal-lenges related to pharmacokinetics and bioavailabil-ity.Thirdly,the sample size of clinical studies is lim-ited and of variable quality.Fourthly,the quality control process is complex.Finally,interactions with other drugs must be taken into account.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a preva-lent neurodegenerative disorder,characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques,the phosphorylation of Tau proteins,and neuronal loss.As the global population ages,the incidence of AD is rising,and there is currently no effective cure.Herbal monomers have garnered interest due to their multifaceted pharmacological effects and low toxicity.This paper aims to provide a comprehen-sive overview of the mechanisms of Nrf2,NF-κB,PI3K/Akt,MAPK and other signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of AD.It also explores the modu-lation of these pathways by various TCM mono-mers,such as leptomeningine and tanshinone ⅡA,and details the research progress to date.For in-stance,Leptosine has been shown to activate Nrf2,thereby reducing oxidative stress,while Tanshinone ⅡA has been observed to inhibit the NF-κB path-way,leading to a reduction in inflammation.Not-withstanding the encouraging indications for the treatment of AD with TCM monomers,there are several challenges that must be addressed.Firstly,the precise mechanism of action remains to be ful-ly elucidated.Secondly,there are significant chal-lenges related to pharmacokinetics and bioavailabil-ity.Thirdly,the sample size of clinical studies is lim-ited and of variable quality.Fourthly,the quality control process is complex.Finally,interactions with other drugs must be taken into account.

In the context of comprehensively advancing the Healthy China initiative,the high-quality development of public hospitals must be guided by the core principle of"people's health".It provides a systematic analysis of the historical evolution of developmental paradigms in Chinese public hospitals.By integrating the current policy requirements for their high-quality development,it proposes key pathways including the innovation of development concepts,the reconstruction of hospital connotations,the extension of service management,the optimization of the system structure,and the empowerment of digital and intelligent technologies.Through empirical case studies that demonstrate the viability of these pathways,it aims to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the high-quality development of public hospitals centered on people's health.

Hepatitis virus is the main pathogen causing liver inflammation and damage. Early detection is crucial for the effective treatment of hepatitis. The detection technology of hepatitis virus has gone through multiple stages, including immunological detection technology and nucleic acid detection technology. The emergence of emerging molecular detection technologies makes its detection more sensitive and convenient, including nanotechnology, Raman spectroscopy technology, microfluidic technology and biosensor technology. The development of these technologies has promoted the early diagnosis of hepatitis, but their clinic applications are still facing challenges. In the future, the development of hepatitis virus detection technology is expected to transform in the form of multidimensional and interdisciplinary innovation process, with its core objectives being the realization of more precise, convenient, and accessible detection methods, thereby comprehensively advancing the progress of hepatitis prevention and control efforts.

Objective To assess ocular biometric parameters among primary and secondary school students from Naxi,Bai and Han ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.Methods The school-based study was conducted in October 2020.A total of 724 second-,third-and seventh-graders were selected from Dali and Lijiang,where Bai and Naxi ethnic groups inhabit,using a stratified cluster sampling method to receive questionnaire surveys and eye examinations.Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE),axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),corneal radius of curvature(CR),central corneal thickness(CCT),white-to-white(WTW)distance,and the AL/CR ratio were measured.Covariance analysis was used to examine the differences in SE and ocular biometric parameters in terms of ethnicity,sex and grade,while Pearson correlation was used to test the associations among the said indicators.Results There were no significant differences in daily outdoor time,screen time and sleep time among the three ethnic groups regardless of grades(all P＞0.05).The mean CCT of Naxi students was lower than that of Han and Bai students[grade 2 and grade 3:(542.48±39.76)μm vs.(553.81±31.83)μm and(559.27±32.79)μm;grade7:(538.86±34.91)μm vs.(547.41±33.55)μm and(548.26± 32.98)μm,all P＜0.05],while no significant differences were found in the other ocular biometric parameters among the three ethnic groups(all P＞0.05).Among the seventh-graders,the SE,AL and AL/CR ratio of Naxi students were signifi-cantly different from those of Han and Bai students(all P＜0.05).The AL,CR,ACD,CCT,WTW distance,and mean SE were lower in girls than in boys(all P＜0.05).Compared with grade 2 and grade 3,students of grade 7 had longer AL,deeper ACD and thinner CCT(all P＜0.05),while no significant differences were found in CR and WTW distance(all P＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the AL/CR ratio was highly correlated with SE(r=-0.78,P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Multiethnic primary and secondary school students may face similar environmental risks.Yet,disparities in ocular biometric parameters caused by ethnicity,sex and age should be noted.

Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection with an extremely high mortality rate,and it is the main risk factor for acute lung injury(ALI).However,the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of sepsis-associated ALI are not fully understood,and effective drugs are extremely limited.Therefore,it is urgent that we explore the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated ALI and attempt to discover effective intervention measures to improve the prognosis of sepsis-associated ALI patients.In recent years,ferroptosis has been considered closely related to the pathological and physiological processes of sepsis-associated ALI,and inhibiting related cell ferroptosis can effectively slow down the occurrence and development of the disease.In this paper,therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis in related cells are reviewed to provide a reference for future research on ferroptosis in sepsis-associated ALI and provide a new perspective on potential treatments.