Arsenic (organoarsenic) compound is one of the oldest drugs used by humans to treat various diseases. From its initial application in treating various skin diseases to the 1970s when arsenic trioxide (ATO) was proven to be able to significantly relieve acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds gradually occupied an important position in the history of medical development. This article reviews the pharmaceutical research progress of inorganic arsenic compounds and organic arsine compounds, covering anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral and antibiotic aspects. It further explores the potential for developing new arsenic (organoarsenic) drugs with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, aiming to provide new research directions and ideas for the application of arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds in disease treatment.

Arsenic (organoarsenic) compound is one of the oldest drugs used by humans to treat various diseases. From its initial application in treating various skin diseases to the 1970s when arsenic trioxide (ATO) was proven to be able to significantly relieve acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds gradually occupied an important position in the history of medical development. This article reviews the pharmaceutical research progress of inorganic arsenic compounds and organic arsine compounds, covering anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral and antibiotic aspects. It further explores the potential for developing new arsenic (organoarsenic) drugs with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, aiming to provide new research directions and ideas for the application of arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds in disease treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive therapy for aortic arch pathology after ascending aortic replacement.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2016 to 2024. After multidisciplinary discussion, these included patients were evaluated to be at high risk for traditional open surgery. Various minimally invasive repair techniques were employed, including Ⅳb hybrid technique, physician-modified endograft and novel unibody endograft. The study outcomes were technical success, in-hospital and follow-up mortality, stroke, endoleak, and the patency of the supra-aortic vessels.Results:A total of 40 patients(32 males and 8 females) with a median age of 60 years old were included in this study. The technique success rate was 100%, with no deaths or strokes reported. The patency of the supra-aortic vessels was 100%. 10 patients underwent Type Ⅳb hybrid surgery without any endoleaks occurring. Among the 22 patients who received physician-modified endograft, endoleaks were observed in 2 cases. One of these type Ⅰc endoleaks persisted and underwent reintervention. One patient underwent femoral artery replacement due to vascular injury. For the 8 patients who received novel unibody endograft, one case required reintervention due to persistent type Ⅰc endoleaks.Conclusion:With the development of different endovascular techniques and novel branched endograft, patients with aortic arch pathology who are at high risk for redo open surgery can achieve favorable outcomes with various minimal invasive techniques. However, long-term and large-sample follow-up studies are needed for further evaluation.

Objective:To evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive therapy for aortic arch pathology after ascending aortic replacement.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2016 to 2024. After multidisciplinary discussion, these included patients were evaluated to be at high risk for traditional open surgery. Various minimally invasive repair techniques were employed, including Ⅳb hybrid technique, physician-modified endograft and novel unibody endograft. The study outcomes were technical success, in-hospital and follow-up mortality, stroke, endoleak, and the patency of the supra-aortic vessels.Results:A total of 40 patients(32 males and 8 females) with a median age of 60 years old were included in this study. The technique success rate was 100%, with no deaths or strokes reported. The patency of the supra-aortic vessels was 100%. 10 patients underwent Type Ⅳb hybrid surgery without any endoleaks occurring. Among the 22 patients who received physician-modified endograft, endoleaks were observed in 2 cases. One of these type Ⅰc endoleaks persisted and underwent reintervention. One patient underwent femoral artery replacement due to vascular injury. For the 8 patients who received novel unibody endograft, one case required reintervention due to persistent type Ⅰc endoleaks.Conclusion:With the development of different endovascular techniques and novel branched endograft, patients with aortic arch pathology who are at high risk for redo open surgery can achieve favorable outcomes with various minimal invasive techniques. However, long-term and large-sample follow-up studies are needed for further evaluation.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the relationship between maternal arsenic exposure and neonatal mortality (NM) and infant mortality (IM).Methods:Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database to include case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies on the relationship between maternal arsenic exposure and NM, IM published domestically and internationally. The search period was from database establishment to June 4, 2023. Data analysis was conducted using Stata MP 16.0 software, and heterogeneity tests were performed using I2 statistics and Q-test. Fixed effect model (no significant heterogeneity, I2≤50%, P≥0.100) or random effect model (significant heterogeneity, I2 > 50%, P < 0.100) was selected according to heterogeneity among study results for meta-analysis. The OR value (95% CI) was used as the effect value, and subgroup analysis was performed based on different exposure index, arsenic exposure levels in drinking water and study types. At the same time, the dose-response relationship between maternal arsenic exposure and NM, IM was analyzed using generalized least square method. Results:Finally, 9 English literature articles (including 3 053 women and 74 172 maternal and infant pairs) were included, including 6 articles on NM outcomes and 8 articles on IM outcomes. After heterogeneity testing, there was significant heterogeneity in NM ( I2 = 75.20%, P = 0.001) and IM ( I2 = 62.50%, P = 0.009) among all studies. Random effect model was used for meta-analysis, and the combined OR values (95% CI) of NM and IM were 1.38 (1.11 - 1.73) and 1.51 (1.21 - 1.89), respectively. According to the exposure index grouping, in the NM outcome, all studies used drinking water arsenic as the exposure index, and the combined OR value (95% CI) of drinking water arsenic was 1.38 (1.11 - 1.73). In the IM outcome, the combined OR values (95% CI) for urinary arsenic and drinking water arsenic were 3.42 (1.38 - 8.47) and 1.44 (1.16 - 1.79), respectively. According to the grouping of arsenic exposure levels in drinking water, the combined OR values (95% CI) for high and low exposure levels ( > 50 and > 10 - 50 μg/L) in NM and IM outcomes were 1.18 (0.97 - 1.44), 1.54 (1.41 - 1.67), and 1.22 (1.03 - 1.43), 1.55 (1.18 - 2.03), respectively. According to the study types grouping, the combined OR values (95% CI) for retrospective, prospective, and cross-sectional studies in NM and IM outcomes were 1.54 (1.41 - 1.67), 1.11 (0.96 - 1.28), 1.90 (1.01 - 3.55), and 1.55 (1.18 - 2.03), 2.01 (0.82 - 4.94), 1.58 (0.87 - 2.88), respectively. The dose-response relationship analysis showed that the dose-response relationship between maternal arsenic exposure and IM exhibited a non-linear trend (χ 2 = 5.75, P = 0.017). Conclusion:Maternal arsenic exposure is correlated with NM and IM, and there is a non-linear dose-response relationship with IM.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement with Perceval sutureless aortic bioprosthesis in upper ministernotomy or right anterior thoracotomy. Methods From March to November 2022, the patients with simple aortic valve disease were enrolled in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University. After preoperative evaluation, Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis was successfully used to perform aortic valve replacement through the upper ministernotomy or right anterior thoracotomy. The perioperative clinical data and ultrasonic measurement data of all patients were recorded. Results A total of 5 patients with simple aortic valve disease were included, including 3 females and 2 males, with a mean age of 71.2 years. Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis was successfully implanted in 5 patients, with a success rate of 100%. There were 3 patients receiving upper ministernotomy and 2 patients receiving right anterior thoracotomy. Two patients underwent ascending aortic plasty at the same time. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 61.0 min, and aortic cross-clamping time was 32.2 min. All patients were discharged successfully without perivalvular leakage, atrioventricular block or stroke. Conclusion The implantation method of Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis is simple, which can effectively reduce the perioperative risk by shortening the overall operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamping time. At the same time, its clinical application has promoted the development and popularization of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement, which together with Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis effectively combinates surgical effect and minimally invasive treatment, and has a good clinical application prospect because of its reliable safety and effectiveness.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of two-stage retrograde hybrid repair for acute aortic dissection involving the aortic arch complicated with distal malperfusion syndrome. Methods From May 2019 to December 2022, the patients presented with acute aortic dissection involving the aortic arch complicated with distal malperfusion syndrome treated in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University were enrolled. After preoperative evaluation, all patients underwent priority emergency interventional surgery to improve distal malperfusion, and then underwent two-stage hybrid surgery to repair proximal aortic lesions. The perioperative clinical and imaging data were retrospectively analyzed. Results Five patients were collected, including 4 males and 1 female, with a median age of 58 years. The main manifestations were lower limb ischemia and renal insufficiency in 3 patients, and poor intestinal perfusion in 2 patients. All patients were given priority to interventional surgery to implant graft stents or bare stents and necessary branch artery intervention, and then successfully performed two-stage hybrid surgery, including type Ⅰhybrid surgery for 2 patients, type Ⅱ hybrid surgery for 1 patient and type Ⅲ hybrid surgery for the other 2 patients, with a success rate of 100.0%. All patients were discharged successfully, and the function of the organs with poor perfusion returned to normal. Only 1 patient recovered to grade 4 muscle strength of the diseased lower limbs upon discharge. No adverse events such as amputation, exploratory laparotomy and intestinal resection or long-term hemodialysis occurred. Conclusion The application of two-stage retrograde hybrid repair in the surgical treatment of acute aortic dissection involving the aortic arch complicated with distal malperfusion syndrome is safe and effective, and is helpful to improve the perioperative survival rate, and clinical outcomes of such patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of adjuvant arthritis(AA)on renal function and the expression of organic anion transporter 3(OAT3)in rats.Methods The AA model was established via intradermal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant into the right hind toe of the rats.Blood and urine were collected at fixed time points to observe the dynamic changes of renal injury indicators.The kidney injury was observed by HE staining.Immuno-histochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of OAT3 protein and inflammatory factors interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in renal cortex.Results Compared with the normal group,the arthritis index score,the secondary paw swelling,the number of joint swell-ing,and the whole body score of AA rats significantly increased(P＜0.05).The X-ray results showed that the AA model rats had soft tissue edema and bone deformity.Biochemical indicators showed that the renal injury indicators of AA rats were significantly abnormal.The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that the ex-pression level of OAT3 in renal cortex of AA rats significantly decreased,while the expression levels of inflammato-ry factors IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1 β significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion The renal injury of AA rats may be related to the decreased expression level of OAT3 and the increased expression level of inflammatory factors in kidney.

T cell receptors(TCR)immune repertoire is sum of all TCR in body,and diversity of TCR immune repertoire is closely related to HIV recognition and immune escape.High-throughput immune repertoire sequencing technology is able to detect and analyze all sequences of TCR immune repertoire,truly reflect genetic information of all TCR,and comprehensively reveal complexity and diversity of TCR immune repertoire.Analysis of changes in TCR immune group database of HIV patients through high-throughput sequencing technology can monitor their diagnosis and treatment,disease progression and prognosis,and can also contribute to vaccine development,latent reservoir clearance and clinical efficacy evaluation,so as to provide a theoretical basis for enriching prevention and treatment ideas and targets of HIV/AIDS.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the relationship between maternal arsenic exposure and neonatal mortality (NM) and infant mortality (IM).Methods:Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database to include case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies on the relationship between maternal arsenic exposure and NM, IM published domestically and internationally. The search period was from database establishment to June 4, 2023. Data analysis was conducted using Stata MP 16.0 software, and heterogeneity tests were performed using I2 statistics and Q-test. Fixed effect model (no significant heterogeneity, I2≤50%, P≥0.100) or random effect model (significant heterogeneity, I2 > 50%, P < 0.100) was selected according to heterogeneity among study results for meta-analysis. The OR value (95% CI) was used as the effect value, and subgroup analysis was performed based on different exposure index, arsenic exposure levels in drinking water and study types. At the same time, the dose-response relationship between maternal arsenic exposure and NM, IM was analyzed using generalized least square method. Results:Finally, 9 English literature articles (including 3 053 women and 74 172 maternal and infant pairs) were included, including 6 articles on NM outcomes and 8 articles on IM outcomes. After heterogeneity testing, there was significant heterogeneity in NM ( I2 = 75.20%, P = 0.001) and IM ( I2 = 62.50%, P = 0.009) among all studies. Random effect model was used for meta-analysis, and the combined OR values (95% CI) of NM and IM were 1.38 (1.11 - 1.73) and 1.51 (1.21 - 1.89), respectively. According to the exposure index grouping, in the NM outcome, all studies used drinking water arsenic as the exposure index, and the combined OR value (95% CI) of drinking water arsenic was 1.38 (1.11 - 1.73). In the IM outcome, the combined OR values (95% CI) for urinary arsenic and drinking water arsenic were 3.42 (1.38 - 8.47) and 1.44 (1.16 - 1.79), respectively. According to the grouping of arsenic exposure levels in drinking water, the combined OR values (95% CI) for high and low exposure levels ( > 50 and > 10 - 50 μg/L) in NM and IM outcomes were 1.18 (0.97 - 1.44), 1.54 (1.41 - 1.67), and 1.22 (1.03 - 1.43), 1.55 (1.18 - 2.03), respectively. According to the study types grouping, the combined OR values (95% CI) for retrospective, prospective, and cross-sectional studies in NM and IM outcomes were 1.54 (1.41 - 1.67), 1.11 (0.96 - 1.28), 1.90 (1.01 - 3.55), and 1.55 (1.18 - 2.03), 2.01 (0.82 - 4.94), 1.58 (0.87 - 2.88), respectively. The dose-response relationship analysis showed that the dose-response relationship between maternal arsenic exposure and IM exhibited a non-linear trend (χ 2 = 5.75, P = 0.017). Conclusion:Maternal arsenic exposure is correlated with NM and IM, and there is a non-linear dose-response relationship with IM.