Objective To investigate the post-discharge exercise behavior and factors influencing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients undergoing lung surgery. Methods A total of 2874 patients from the large prospective, observational perioperative lung symptom study cohort (CN-PRO-Lung 3) in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Sichuan Cancer Hospital between April 7, 2021, and January 31, 2024, were selected as the survey subjects. A survey was conducted using the Investigation of Exercise Behavior after Lung Surgery questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) among patients who underwent lung surgery. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing patients’ engagement in MVPA. Results A total of 702 patients were surveyed, including 252 males and 450 females, with an average age of (52.4±10.2) years. Patients with lung cancer accounted for 85.9%. Only 36.0% of the patients had regular exercise habits, while 42.3% did not engage in any physical activity. The three main barriers for postoperative exercise were physical discomfort (pain, coughing, shortness of breath, etc, 54.7%), lack of professional guidance (41.7%), and concerns about the surgical wound (28.9%). The proportions of patients engaging in vigorous, moderate, and low-intensity physical activity were 5.7%, 28.2%, and 66.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with a personal annual income ≥50000 yuan (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.01-2.29, P=0.044), high school education or above (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.33-2.76, P<0.001), and lobectomy (OR=1.44, 95%CI 1.02-2.03, P=0.037) engaged in more MVPA. Conclusion Patients undergoing lung surgery have inadequate physical activity after discharge, particularly lacking in MVPA. Patients with higher income, higher educational levels, and lobectomy are more frequently engaged in MVPA. Measures such as symptom control, providing exercise guidance, and enhancing education on wound care may potentially improve the inadequate physical activity in lung surgery patients after discharge.

Objective Through in vitro experiments,biomechanical data of the transtibial pullout suture(TPS),tendon reconstruction(TR),and tendon reconstruction with suture augmentation(TRS)were collected,so as to evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of tendon reconstruction for repairing medial meniscus posterior root tear(MMPRT).Methods Eighteen porcine knee joint models were divided into TPS,TR,and TRS groups.Sutures were used to fix the meniscal root in TPS group.Tendons were passed through an incision at the meniscal root in TR group.Tendons were passed through an incision at the meniscal root and secured at tendon-meniscus contact area with additional sutures in TRS group.The sutures and tendons were pulled out through tibial tunnels and fixed at the anteromedial tibia.All groups underwent failure load tests,and ultimate failure load,displacement at failure load,load at clinical failure,stiffness,and failure modes of the samples were recorded.Results The maximum failure load in TPS group was significantly higher than that in TR group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between TPS group and TRS group(P＞0.05).The maximum failure load in TRS group was significantly higher than that in TR group(P＜0.05).The displacement under failure load in TR group and TRS group was significantly lower than that in TPS group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between TR group and TRS group(P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the load under clinical failure among the 3 groups(P＞0.05).The stiffness of TRS group was significantly greater than that of TPS group(P＜0.05),but no significant difference was observed between TR group and TPS group,as well as between TR group and TRS group(P＞0.05).All failures were caused by suture or tendon cutting through the meniscus.Conclusions The tendon reconstruction techniques is superior to the TPS in terms of failure displacement and stiffness,while the TRS further enhances the stability of the repair.

Atherosclerosis is an arterial lesion involving abnor-mal lipid metabolism and an inflammatory response,and is the initiating factor of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dis-eases.Glycosylated ceramides are derivatives of ceramide mole-cules with a glycosylated group attached,which not only affect the structural integrity of cell membranes,but also regulate apop-tosis,inflammation and lipid metabolism,and disorders of glyco-sylated ceramide metabolism are closely related to the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis.This review focuses on the specific functions of the glycosylated ceramide-related metabolic enzymes glucose ceramide synthetase,glucosylceramide syn-thetase,lactose ceramide synthetase,and galactosidase in athero-sclerosis,as well as their important effects on the development of atherosclerosis.Targeted therapeutic strategies for these meta-bolic enzymes,related drug development and significant potential in atherosclerosis prevention and treatment are also reviewed.

Objectives:To investigate the predictive value of epicardial fat volume(EFV)and atrioventricular groove fat thickness(AVGT)—morphological biomarkers of epicardial adipose tissue—for major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods:This study enrolled 216 DCM patients.EFV and AVGT were obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMR).Patients were divided into event-free group(n=142)and event group(n=74)based on MACE occurrence during follow-up.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to determine optimal cutoff values.Survival differences were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis,Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors,and restricted cubic spline(RCS)models were used to evaluate dose-response relationships.Results:AVGT and EFV were significantly higher in the event group than in event-free group(both P<0.05).ROC analysis identified optimal MACE-predicting cutoffs as follows:AVGT≥7.74 mm(area under the curve[AUC]=0.57)and EFV≥78.6 ml(AUC=0.62).Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly lower MACE-free survival rates in patients with AVGT≥7.74 mm and EFV≥78.6 ml(both P<0.05).Cox regression analysis confirmed that AVGT(HR=2.18,95%CI:1.34-3.54)and EFV(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.11-2.96)were independent MACE risk factors(both P<0.05)in this patient cohort.RCS models demonstrated the significant linear associations between EFV/AVGT and MACE risk(bothoverall P<0.05).Conclusions:EFV and AVGT,the non-invasive imaging biomarkers quantifying and characterizing fat distribution,are independently correlated with elevated MACE risk in DCM patients.These metrics serve as potential prognostic indicators,enriching risk stratification indicators for early identification of high-risk patients and guiding personalized medication strategies.

Objective Through in vitro experiments,biomechanical data of the transtibial pullout suture(TPS),tendon reconstruction(TR),and tendon reconstruction with suture augmentation(TRS)were collected,so as to evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of tendon reconstruction for repairing medial meniscus posterior root tear(MMPRT).Methods Eighteen porcine knee joint models were divided into TPS,TR,and TRS groups.Sutures were used to fix the meniscal root in TPS group.Tendons were passed through an incision at the meniscal root in TR group.Tendons were passed through an incision at the meniscal root and secured at tendon-meniscus contact area with additional sutures in TRS group.The sutures and tendons were pulled out through tibial tunnels and fixed at the anteromedial tibia.All groups underwent failure load tests,and ultimate failure load,displacement at failure load,load at clinical failure,stiffness,and failure modes of the samples were recorded.Results The maximum failure load in TPS group was significantly higher than that in TR group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between TPS group and TRS group(P＞0.05).The maximum failure load in TRS group was significantly higher than that in TR group(P＜0.05).The displacement under failure load in TR group and TRS group was significantly lower than that in TPS group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between TR group and TRS group(P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the load under clinical failure among the 3 groups(P＞0.05).The stiffness of TRS group was significantly greater than that of TPS group(P＜0.05),but no significant difference was observed between TR group and TPS group,as well as between TR group and TRS group(P＞0.05).All failures were caused by suture or tendon cutting through the meniscus.Conclusions The tendon reconstruction techniques is superior to the TPS in terms of failure displacement and stiffness,while the TRS further enhances the stability of the repair.

Atherosclerosis is an arterial lesion involving abnor-mal lipid metabolism and an inflammatory response,and is the initiating factor of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dis-eases.Glycosylated ceramides are derivatives of ceramide mole-cules with a glycosylated group attached,which not only affect the structural integrity of cell membranes,but also regulate apop-tosis,inflammation and lipid metabolism,and disorders of glyco-sylated ceramide metabolism are closely related to the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis.This review focuses on the specific functions of the glycosylated ceramide-related metabolic enzymes glucose ceramide synthetase,glucosylceramide syn-thetase,lactose ceramide synthetase,and galactosidase in athero-sclerosis,as well as their important effects on the development of atherosclerosis.Targeted therapeutic strategies for these meta-bolic enzymes,related drug development and significant potential in atherosclerosis prevention and treatment are also reviewed.

Objectives:To investigate the predictive value of epicardial fat volume(EFV)and atrioventricular groove fat thickness(AVGT)—morphological biomarkers of epicardial adipose tissue—for major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods:This study enrolled 216 DCM patients.EFV and AVGT were obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMR).Patients were divided into event-free group(n=142)and event group(n=74)based on MACE occurrence during follow-up.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to determine optimal cutoff values.Survival differences were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis,Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors,and restricted cubic spline(RCS)models were used to evaluate dose-response relationships.Results:AVGT and EFV were significantly higher in the event group than in event-free group(both P<0.05).ROC analysis identified optimal MACE-predicting cutoffs as follows:AVGT≥7.74 mm(area under the curve[AUC]=0.57)and EFV≥78.6 ml(AUC=0.62).Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly lower MACE-free survival rates in patients with AVGT≥7.74 mm and EFV≥78.6 ml(both P<0.05).Cox regression analysis confirmed that AVGT(HR=2.18,95%CI:1.34-3.54)and EFV(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.11-2.96)were independent MACE risk factors(both P<0.05)in this patient cohort.RCS models demonstrated the significant linear associations between EFV/AVGT and MACE risk(bothoverall P<0.05).Conclusions:EFV and AVGT,the non-invasive imaging biomarkers quantifying and characterizing fat distribution,are independently correlated with elevated MACE risk in DCM patients.These metrics serve as potential prognostic indicators,enriching risk stratification indicators for early identification of high-risk patients and guiding personalized medication strategies.

Objective:To screen differentially expressed genes in the retinas of mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) through transcriptome sequencing.Methods:Twenty 8-week-old SPF grade male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into EAU group and control group by random number table method, with 10 mice in each group.In the EAU group, an emulsion of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein 1-20 and complete Freund adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into the inner side of the hind limbs and intravenously into the tail vein of the mice, and pertussis toxin was injected intraperitoneally to establish the EAU model.In the control group, mice were subcutaneously injected with the corresponding volume of phosphate buffer solution.On the 21st day after model establishment, the anterior segment inflammation of the mouse eyes was examined using a slit-lamp microscope.Retinal blood vessels were observed by fundus photography and clinical inflammation was scored.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological changes in the retinal tissues of the two groups.Retinal tissues were collected from two groups of mice.RNA was extracted and cDNA libraries were constructed for transcriptome sequencing.The clusterProfiler package in R programming language was used to screen for differentially expressed genes in EAU, and to conduct GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.The expression of core differentially expressed genes in the retinal tissues was then verified using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The breeding and use of experimental animals were in compliance with the relevant regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University (No.LLSC20221208).Results:On the 21st day after model establishment, the clinical score of the EAU group was 2.83±0.94, significantly higher than 1.89±0.93 of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.290, P<0.05). The retinal blood vessels of mice in the EAU group showed tortuosity and dilation.Histopathological examination revealed a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrations in the retina, indicating successful establishment of the EAU mouse model.Transcriptome sequencing of the mouse retinal tissues identified a total of 32 473 genes, and 154 differentially expressed genes were screened out.Among them, 79 genes were up-regulated with Gm38574, Tmem81, Ptpn7 being top three and 75 genes were down-regulated with Gm19802, Fga, Cyp3a11 being top three.GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mostly related to immune response and cytokine action.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the Toll-like pathway and cytokine signaling pathway.Compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of Gm38574, Tmem81, and Ptpn7 in the retinal tissues of the EAU group were up-regulated, while the expression levels of Gm19802, Fga, and Cyp3a11 were down-regulated, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=9.755, 5.358, 6.289, 4.312, 6.577, 6.118; all P<0.05). Conclusions:There are significant differences in the key genes Gm38574, Tmem81, Ptpn7, Gm19802, Fga, and Cyp3a11 in the retinal tissues of EAU mice, mainly corelated with the cytokine interaction pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of copper-doped barium titanate(BaCuTiO4)piezoelectric materials combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)to activate their piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic effect for treating implant-associated infections.Methods BaCuTiO4 coatings were synthesized on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a hydrothermal method,and their surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.The piezoelectric characteristics of the coatings were analyzed using a piezoresponse force microscope.An in vitro biofilm model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was used,with barium titanate(BaTiO3)coatings serving as the control group.Under LIPUS intervention(1.0 W/cm2,1 MHz,10 min),the bacterial viability was assessed using colony counting to evaluate the antibacterial performance of the BaCuTiO4 coatings.Confocal microscopy was used to observe biofilm viability in different groups,assessing the biofilm removal capability of the coatings.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in each group was detected using Rhodamine b as a probe to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of the coatings in generating ROS.Results Copper doping significantly reduced the piezoelectric coefficient of the coating(from 17.7 pm/V to 7.8 pm/V),bringing its piezoelectric performance closer to the requirements of natural bone tissues.Under LIPUS activation,the BaCuTiO4 coatings increased the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species by 67.5％and effectively disrupted and removed biofilms formed by MRSA,achieving an antibacterial rate of 90.5％.Conclusions The BaCuTiO4 coatings achieve efficient antibacterial and biofilm-clearing functions through a piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic mechanism.Their piezoelectric properties are well-matched with natural bone tissues,promoting implant osseointegration.

Objective:To screen differentially expressed genes in the retinas of mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) through transcriptome sequencing.Methods:Twenty 8-week-old SPF grade male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into EAU group and control group by random number table method, with 10 mice in each group.In the EAU group, an emulsion of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein 1-20 and complete Freund adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into the inner side of the hind limbs and intravenously into the tail vein of the mice, and pertussis toxin was injected intraperitoneally to establish the EAU model.In the control group, mice were subcutaneously injected with the corresponding volume of phosphate buffer solution.On the 21st day after model establishment, the anterior segment inflammation of the mouse eyes was examined using a slit-lamp microscope.Retinal blood vessels were observed by fundus photography and clinical inflammation was scored.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological changes in the retinal tissues of the two groups.Retinal tissues were collected from two groups of mice.RNA was extracted and cDNA libraries were constructed for transcriptome sequencing.The clusterProfiler package in R programming language was used to screen for differentially expressed genes in EAU, and to conduct GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.The expression of core differentially expressed genes in the retinal tissues was then verified using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The breeding and use of experimental animals were in compliance with the relevant regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University (No.LLSC20221208).Results:On the 21st day after model establishment, the clinical score of the EAU group was 2.83±0.94, significantly higher than 1.89±0.93 of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.290, P<0.05). The retinal blood vessels of mice in the EAU group showed tortuosity and dilation.Histopathological examination revealed a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrations in the retina, indicating successful establishment of the EAU mouse model.Transcriptome sequencing of the mouse retinal tissues identified a total of 32 473 genes, and 154 differentially expressed genes were screened out.Among them, 79 genes were up-regulated with Gm38574, Tmem81, Ptpn7 being top three and 75 genes were down-regulated with Gm19802, Fga, Cyp3a11 being top three.GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mostly related to immune response and cytokine action.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the Toll-like pathway and cytokine signaling pathway.Compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of Gm38574, Tmem81, and Ptpn7 in the retinal tissues of the EAU group were up-regulated, while the expression levels of Gm19802, Fga, and Cyp3a11 were down-regulated, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=9.755, 5.358, 6.289, 4.312, 6.577, 6.118; all P<0.05). Conclusions:There are significant differences in the key genes Gm38574, Tmem81, Ptpn7, Gm19802, Fga, and Cyp3a11 in the retinal tissues of EAU mice, mainly corelated with the cytokine interaction pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.